Wa0005

Ln.
8 – FLOATING BODIES
1. Why do some objects float on the water? And some sink?

- Floating or sinking of objects on water depends on two factors.
a. Relative density
b. Weight of the water displace by the object
- If the relative density of an object is greater than 1, the object sinks
otherwise it floats.
- Even though the relative density is greater than 1. the weight of the
water of displaced by the object equal to the weight of the object itself,
the floats on the water.
2. Explain density and relative density and write their formulae.
Density of a substance is defined as mass of a substance per unit of its
volume i.e.
Density = mass of substance / Volume of substance
And Relative density is ratio of density of substance to that of water i.e.
Relative density = Density of substance/ Density of water
3. Explain buoyancy in your own words.
The buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object wholly or
partly immersed in a fluid. This upward force is also called Upthrust. Due to the
buoyant force, a body submerged partially or fully in a fluid appears to lose its
weight, i.e. appears to be lighter.
The following factors affect buoyant force:
● the density of the

fluid
● the volume of the
fluid displaced
● the local
acceleration due
to gravity
An object whose density is greater than that of the fluid in which it is
submerged tends to sink. If the object is either less dense than the liquid or is
shaped appropriately (as in a boat), the force can keep the object afloat. In
terms of relative density, if the relative density is less than one, it floats in
water and substances with a relative density greater than one sink in water.
Buoyancy(upthrust) makes it possible for swimmers, fishes, ships, and icebergs

to stay afloat.
When an object is immersed in water or any other fluid, we observe that the
object experiences a force from the downward direction opposite to the
gravitational pull, which is responsible for the decrease in its weight. This
upward force exerted by the fluid opposes the weight of an object immersed in
a fluid. As we know, the pressure in a fluid column increases with depth. Thus,
the pressure at the bottom of an object submerged in the fluid is greater than
that at the top. The difference in this pressure results in a net upward force on
the object, which we define as buoyancy.
4. How can you find the relative density of a liquid?
Aim: To find the relative density of milk, groundnut oil and kerosene.
Material required: Small bottle of 50 ml. capacity (the bottle should weigh not
less than 10gm), weighing balance and weights or electronic weighing machine
and milk, coconut oil, kerosene about 50 ml each in different containers.
Procedure:
Find the values given below.
Weight of empty bottle = ……..........…….3.8g
Weight of the bottle with 50ml of water = ............................ 20.6g
Weight of 50ml of water = …..........…… 20.6
Weigh the bottle with milk in it. ……..20.8
Weigh the bottle with coconut oil in it. ……..18.8g
Weigh the bottle with kerosene in it. ……..17.4g
Observation and calculation:

Relative density of liquid = wt. of the liquid / wt. of same volume of water
Weight of empty bottle = ……..........…….3.8g

Sr. no Name of Weight of bottle Weight of Relative density of
liquid with liquid liquid liquid
1. Water 20.6 16.8 16.8/16.8 = 1.0
2. Milk 20.8 17 17 /16.8 = 1.01
3. Coconut oil 18.8 15.2 15.2/16.8 = 0.9
4. Kerosene 17.4 13.6 13.6/16.8 = 0.809
We observe that different liquids have different densities. Some liquids have
relative density greater than 1 and some have less than 1. Relative density of
water is 1.
The liquids which have relative density less than 1 float on water and the
liquids which have relative density greater than 1 sink in water.
Result:
Milk and water have approximately equal density, they mix up, whereas
kerosene and coconut oil less than that of water so they float on water.
5. Draw the diagram of a mercury barometer. (Figure 7 from textbook)
1. A solid sphere has a radius of 2 cm and a mass of 0.05 kg. What is the
relative density of the sphere? [Ans: 1.49]
3
Volume of sphere of radius 2cm=4/3πr
3
V=4/3×π×2
3
=32π/ 3cm
mass = 0.05kg = 50gm
So,
density = 50 × 3/ 32π g/cc
density = 1.492g/cc = 1.492 × 1 g/cc
So Relative density =1.492
2. A small bottle weighs 20 g when empty and 22 g when filled with water.
When it is filled with oil it weighs 21.76 g. What is the density of oil? [ Ans: 0.88
g/ cm3]
Given,
Weight of empty bottle = 20 gm
Weight of water in bottle = 22 gm
Weight of water = 22 – 20 = 2 gm
Weight of oil in bottle = 21.76 gm
Weight of oil = 21.76 – 20 = 1.76 gm
Density of oil = Weight of the oil / Weight of the same volume of water
3
= 1.76 / 2 = 0.88 gm/cm
3. An ice cube floats on the surface of water filled in glass tumbler (density of
3
ice = 0.9 g/cm ). Will the water level in the glass rise? When the ice melts
completely.
Yes, the water level rises because its density is less than the density of
water. When ice cube melts, it becomes water, so that the water level
rises.
4. Find the pressure at a depth of 10m in water if the atmospheric pressure is

2 5 5 2
100kPa. [1Pa=1N/m ] [100kPa = 10 Pa = 10 N/m = 1 atm.] [Ans: 198 kPa]
Given,
Depth, ‘h’ = 10 m
Atmospheric pressure, P0 = 100 kPa
3 3
Density of water, ρ = 1 gm/cm = 1 kg/m
Pressure at a depth ‘h’ is, P = P0 + hρg = 100 + 10 x 1 x 9.8

= 100 + 98 = 198 kPa
5. How can you appreciate the technology of making ships those float on water
using the material which sink in water?
1. If a material has density less than water, it will float on water. Iron is a
metal and metals have very high density because of which they cannot
float on water.
2. Ships made of iron float on water because even though metals sink,
the ships are constructed in such a way that the total density of the ship
is less than that of water. The principle behind their floating is
Archimedes' Principle.
3. Density of iron is greater than that of water but the ships made up of
iron do not sink. This is because the ship is hollow and the empty space
in it contains air, which makes average density of the ship less than that
of water. Therefore, even with a small portion of ship submerged in
water, the weight of water displaced by the submerged part of ship
becomes equal to the total weight of the ship and therefore it floats.
This is how ships made of metal manage to stay afloat.

OR
- We know that a piece of iron sinks in water.
- The relative density of iron is 8.5 which is many times more than water.
- A ship that floats on water is made up of tonnes of iron. It is really wonderful.
- According to the Archimedes principle of buoyancy, any object can float when
its weight is equal to the weight of water displaced by it.
- Hence ships are made with a larger surface area so that it displaces the water,
whose weight is equal to the weight of loaded ship.
- It involves very sharp scientific calculations and a large engineering
technology.
- Really such type of technology is highly appreciable and the scientists who
formulates all these are also great.
1. Can you make iron to float in water? How?

Objects having a density less than that of the liquid in which they are
immersed, float on the surface of the liquid. If the density of the object is more
than the density of the liquid in which it is immersed then it sinks into the
liquid. We can make the iron float by choosing a liquid with a density higher
than that of the iron. For example, mercury.
OR
Yes, we can make iron to float on water.
Procedure:
- Take a piece of iron and drop it in a vessel of water.
- We observe that the iron piece sinks in water.
- Take a thin foil of iron and fold it into four folds.
- Drop it in water. It sinks.
- Now unfold the foil and bend it in the form of a bowl. [You can use an
iron tin also].
- Now drop the bowl in water.
- If floats on water.
Reason: The weight of water displaced by iron bowl (iron tin) is less than
the weight of the iron bowl (iron tin).
2. Where do you observe Archimedes principle in daily life? Give two examples.
We observe Archimede's principle in our daily life in:
1) On entering a bathtub filled with water, an equal quantity of water is
displaced as one weight.
2) A ship floats in the sea because of the counter-acting buoyant force
from the water based on which safe depth is calculated
3) It is used in designing of ships and submarines.
4) It is used in lactometers to determine the purity of milk.
5) It is used in hydrometers to determine density of fluids.
6) It is used in hot air balloon.
7) It is used while swimming.
8) It is used in the working of submarine.
3. Do all objects that sink in water, sink in oil? Give reason.

(1) No, all objects that sink in water, don’t sink in oil.
(2) Oil is less dense than water as it floats on the surface of anybody of
water.
(3) Due to the differences in the density of water and oil, some objects
which sink in water may float in oil.
(4) Some objects which sink in water they too sink in oil also.
(5) This is all depending up on the densities of water, oil and substance
what we are taking to test.

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Ln.

1. Why do some objects float on the water? And some sink?

The following factors affect buoyant force:

● the density of the

Buoyancy(upthrust) makes it possible for swimmers, fishes, ships, and icebergs

4. How can you find the relative density of a liquid?

Observation and calculation:

Weight of empty bottle = ……..........…….3.8g

5. Draw the diagram of a mercury barometer. (Figure 7 from textbook)

4. Find the pressure at a depth of 10m in water if the atmospheric pressure is

Pressure at a depth ‘h’ is, P = P0 + hρg = 100 + 10 x 1 x 9.8

This is how ships made of metal manage to stay afloat.

1. Can you make iron to float in water? How?

3. Do all objects that sink in water, sink in oil? Give reason.

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