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    The History of Myanmar

    Uploaded by

    John Rex Villanueva
    The history of Myanmar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The History of Myanmar

    Uploaded by

    John Rex Villanueva
    1 views1 page
    The history of Myanmar

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    The history of Myanmar

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    The history of Myanmar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1 views1 page

    The History of Myanmar

    Uploaded by

    John Rex Villanueva
    The history of Myanmar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The history of Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) is marked by a rich tapestry of cultures,

    kingdoms, colonial influences, and struggles for independence. Here’s an overview of the key
    periods in Myanmar's history:

    Ancient and Pre-Colonial Periods

     Early Inhabitants: The earliest evidence of human habitation in Myanmar dates back
    thousands of years, with diverse ethnic groups settling in the region. Early civilizations
    developed in the fertile plains of the Irrawaddy River.
     Pagan Kingdom (849 - 1297): The Pagan Kingdom is often considered the first
    significant Burmese state. It emerged as a major power in the 11th century under King
    Anawrahta, who unified various tribes and adopted Theravada Buddhism, establishing it
    as the dominant religion. The kingdom is known for its remarkable temples, many of
    which still stand today in Bagan.
     Post-Pagan Period: After the decline of the Pagan Kingdom due to internal strife and
    external invasions, various kingdoms emerged, including the Mon, Shan, and the
    Kingdom of Ava.

    Colonial Era

     British Colonization (19th Century): The British began to exert control over Myanmar
    in the 19th century through a series of wars, including the First Anglo-Burmese War
    (1824-1826) and the Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852). By 1885, Britain had annexed
    the entire country, making it a part of British India.
     Economic Changes: British rule brought significant changes to the economy, with the
    introduction of cash crops like rice and rubber, as well as infrastructure development,
    including railways and telegraphs. However, British policies often marginalized local
    industries and traditional practices.

    World War II and Independence

     Japanese Occupation (1942 - 1945): During World War II, Japan occupied Myanmar,
    leading to widespread suffering and disruption. Many locals collaborated with the
    Japanese forces in hopes of gaining independence from British rule, while others resisted.
     Post-War Independence Movement: After the war, the push for independence gained
    momentum. Aung San, a prominent nationalist leader, played a key role in negotiating
    independence from Britain. Unfortunately, he was assassinated in 1947, just months
    before independence was achieved.
     Independence (1948): Myanmar officially gained independence from British rule on
    January 4, 1948. However, the new nation faced immediate challenges, including ethnic
    tensions, civil unrest, and the emergence of various armed groups.

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