DCA Material by UDAY

DCA
(DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS)
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
2. MEMORY CONCEPTS
3. WINDOWS
4. MS-OFFICE
MS-OFFICE
MS- MS-EXCEL MS-POWER MS-ACCESS

WORD POINT
5. INTERNET
6. UTILITIES
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
HISTORY OF COMPUTER:-
During 3500 B.C the BABYLONIANS invented a device called “ABACUS” was used
for calculation. In 1617 a mathematician called Johan Napier invented a new device for
the purpose of multiplications and division calculations. In 1642 a French a
mathematician called “Pascal” the first mechanical calculated that could perform addition
and subtraction.
CHARLES BABBAGE (Mathematics Professor) who lived between 1772 and 1871
developed a machine called “ANALYTICAL ENGINE. These Computers are based for
now day’s Computer. So he is called as father of Computer. A student of Charles
Babbage called “LADY LOVE LACE ADA” who writes a program for computer. She is
considering being the first program and she is called “Mother of Computer”.
COMPUTER DEFINITION:- Computer is an electronic device or machine which accepts data
from user process it according to the instructions given by user and displays the result as output. The
term COMPUTER stands for “Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used for Trade
Education and Research”.
PARTS OF COMPUTER:-
1. MONITOR
2. KEY BOARD
3. MOUSE
4. C.P.U
5. PRINTER
6. SCANNER
7. SPEAKERS
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER:
1. SPEED
2. ACCURACY
3. VERSATILITY
4. DILIGENCE
5. STORAGE
Speed:- In general, no human being can compete to solving the complex computation,
faster than computer.
Accuracy:- Since Computer is programmed, so whatever input we give it gives result
with accurately.
Veracity:- We can use computer to perform completely different type of work at the
same time. One moment, it is preparing the results of particular examination, the next
moment it is busy preparing electricity bills, and in between it may be helping an office
secretary to trace an important letter in seconds.
Diligence:- The computer is a machine. It does neither tire nor does it loses
concentration even after working continuously for a long time. Computer can work for
hours without any break and creating error.
Storage:- Computer can store mass storage of data with appropriate format.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 2

Basically Computer is developed in 5 Generations.
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Time 1946-55 1956-65 1966-75 1976-90 1990-onwords
Electronic Vaccum Transistors IC (integrated Lsiv/vlsic ---------
Devices tubes circuits) Micro
process
Storage Purchase- Paper tapes Magnetic core H.D --------
Devices cards Magnetic Magnetic Disk F.D
Paper tapes core Magnetic tapes
Speed/Sec 40-300 3000-30000 30000-3laks 3Lakhs-30 -----------

lakhs
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
The computers are depending on the technology used. They are classified into three types.
1. Analog Computers
2. Digital Computer
3. Hybrid Computers
1. Analog computers:- Analog means comparing and evaluating the computers that
evaluating results by comparing are called analog computers. These computers has affect
of environmental conditions like temperature.
Ex: Rader, Sonar.
2. Digital Computers:- With the development of electronic the computer are developed
has digital system. The digital computers work faster than analog computers and they are
more valuable because of accuracy.
3. Hybrid Computers:- The combination of analog and digital computers are called
hybrid computers work with analog single and also with digital system. Depending on the
purpose they used for the computers are classified as general purpose computers and
special purpose computers. Depending on size cost and working capability.
The computers are classified into Four types. They are:-
1. Super Computers
2. Main frame Computers
3. Mini Computers
4. Micro Computers
1. Super Computers:- The Super computers are those which have multi - processors is
installed and they are capable of performing processes at a time. These computers are
used to weather forecasting, design of wing of aircraft, activities such as weapon control
etc.
2. Main frame Computers:-These are large in size and work with very high speed.
These are developed by the company IBM (International Business machines.Thes has a
large storage capacity.Thes work as server. These can be connecting with no. of
computers called terminals.

3. Mini Computers:- The mini computers are designed for a particular purpose. These
are used in universities, small corporation etc. These are used in universities, small
corporation etc., these are connected with fast printers and magnetic taps. There are faster
then micro computers.
4. Micro Computers: - The micro-computer consists of a micro processor. These have
their independent RAM.ROM, strange devise, and these are small in size. As these are
portable, they are used in several offices, at homes. These are also called personal
computers.
Depending on size and working capability these are further are classified
into desk top computers, Lap top computers, palm top computers, d note books.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER:-

Data Processing of Computers
Control Unit
Input unit Output Unit

A.L.U
Memory Unit
C.P.U
Input:- Input means any data send to the computer is called input. The input unit is used
to communication effectively with the computer. The users loads programs, give input of
data into the computer with the Help of the input. the input unit might consists of no. of
devices like key Board, Mouse, Joystick, Light pen, Optical scanner, Voice input and
disks.
Central Processing Unit (CPU):- A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic
circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output operations specified
by the instructions. The computer industry has used the term "central processing unit" at
least since the early 1960s.
Control Unit:- The control unit controls all the operations of Computers. For performing
different operation of computer. The control unit control data flow also.
A.L.U. (Arithmetic And Logical Unit):- The unit contains Different operations like +,-,*,/
and logical operations like <,>,>=,<= , when the process is performed , the data is copied
from the memory unit into the ALU.

Memory Unit:- The computer has capacity of storing for future reference. This is possible
with help of memory .the data given input the programs loaded through the input Devices
are recorded in the memory.
Output Unit:- Any information getting the computer is called Output. An output unit
might consist printer, plotter, monitor, voice output and disks.
INPUT DEVICES
Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Barcode Reader
Joystick
OMR (Optical Marks Reader)
OCR (Optical Character Reader)
Micro Phone
Web Cam
Touch Screen
OUTPUT DEVICES
These are used to produce or display result or output. The basic output device of a
computer is Monitor. The other output devices are Monitors (LED, LCD, CRT etc...),
Speakers, Printers, Plotters, Projector, LCD projection Panels, Computer Output
Microfilm (COM), Head Phones Etc..
MEMORY UNITS / CONCEPTS
The memory units are used for recording data and information. There are divided into two types:
1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory
1. PRIMARY MEMORY:- The primary is must for every computer.
The CPU communicates only primary memory. The primary memory is two types
A) ROM
[
B) RAM
ROM:- It is only Read Only Memory. The ROM chip holds a system software called
BIOS. The ROM is a permanent memory but nothing can write to the ROM. The BIOS
software is loaded into ROM with a special process called “flushing” the ROM is
different types.
1. PROM ( Programmable Read Only Memory)
2. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
3. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
RAM:- It is random access memory. It is the main memory of the computer. The user
works only with in the main memory. All the process performed with in this memory.
The RAM has no. of cells were each cell can store one binary digit. This has very
accessing speed. And this is very costly this has a feature of volatilizes, thus it is a
temporary memory.

2. SECONDARY MEMORY:-
The primary memory is the temporary memory so can’t store data in long time. The
secondary memory also called permanent memory. The following are the types of
Secondary memory.
Secondary Storage Device Name Storage Capacity
 Hard Disk 50GB, 1TB, 1.5TB, 2TB Etc...
 CD (Compact Disk) 700 MB
 DVD (Data Visual Display) 4.7 GB
 Pen drive 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 GB Etc…
 Memory Card 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 GB Etc…
 Floppy Disk 1.44 MB
Description Size
0 (or) 1 = 1 Bit
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte (KB)
1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte (MB)
1024 MB = 1 Giga Byte (GB)
1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte (TB)
1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte (PB)
Hardware:- A set of physical components used to develop a computer system called
hardware devices. A set of electronic, which we can touch and feel are called hardware.
Eg: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, C.P.U Etc…
Software:- A set of instructions or programs to do a specific task are need some special
program. All hardware parts are electronics devices: hence they not know “WHAT TO
DO? AND HOW TO DO?” to execute any work in the computer, to control and
communicate with the computer devices we need to give some instructions or programs
called software. There are three types of software’s:
Software
System Application Utility

Software Software Software

1. System Software:- In order to communicate with computer devices we need some
special programs. Such program is called system software. The system software may
directly communicate and control hardware parts.
Ex: Windows, Linux, Unix Etc…
2. Application Software:- The programs which carried out real world function such as
financial accounting, business activities are called as application software. It is a specific
task we can call application software. It is of 2 types:
1. Package Ex: Tally, MS-Office etc.
2. Language Ex: C, C++, Java etc.
3. Utility Software:- This software’s are used to protect computer from Viruses and
Malwares which harm to computer. These are called as Anti-virus software’s or Anti-
Malware software’s.
Ex: K7 Total Security, Avast Anti-Virus, AVG, MCA, Quick Heal Etc…
TYPE OF LANGUAGES
They are divided into three languages are computer
1. HIGH LEVEL LANGUGE
2. MIDDLE LEVEL LANGUGE
3. LOW LEVEL LANGUGE
1. High level Language:- We are enter into any instructions some languages will be
not understanding of computer is called High level Language. Some like C++, Java this
type of language is called high level language.
2. Middle Level Language:- This type of language is your entering statements fifty
present understanding of your entering statements is called middle level languages like
some language are c-language, assemble language.
3. Low level language:- This type of language is any instructions to enter to will be all
statements to understanding of some languages there are binary language.
TYPES OF TRANSLATORS OF COMPUTERS
They are divided into three types of translators of computer languages:
1. INTERPETER
2. COMPILER
3. ASSEMBLER
1. Interpreter:- This works also to translate to the high level language contents to
translate the low level language.
2. Compiler:- This works is to translate the middle language contents to Tran’s latte the
low level language.
3. Assembler:- This is used to help the low level language.
BOOTING PROCESS
Booting process by which the operating system is loaded into the memory. if the system
is booted through the floppy disk , then the system display A:\>[A prompt] and if the
system is booted to hard disk then the system display C:\> [C prompt] there are two types
of booting process .
1. Cold booting process
2. Warm booting process
1. Cold Booting Process:- The loaded operating system into the computer memory by
switching on the computer in known as cold booting process. In the booting process
BIOS [Basic Input and Output System] checking will be done to search that memory .
Keyboard, mouse and printer which is connected to the computer to gets the registration
status.
2. Warm Booting Process:- Sometimes the computer get halted or struck up while the
operation, in that situations these system can be rebooted with out disturbing the power
switch. We can reboot the system by pressing “Ctrl+Alt+Del” simultaneously in these
booting BIOS checking is not executed.
TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
There are three types of Operating Systems (OS):-
a).Single User Operating System [ S.U.O.S] : - The operating system in which the
whole systems are dedicated to a single user is called single user operating system all the
resources are available to this user at all times.
Ex: DOS (Disk Operating System)
b).Multi User Operating System [M.U.O.S] :-The operating system in which the
system can be shared by more then one user is called multi user operating system. A multi
user operating system supports more than one user at time. Most operating system for
mini and main frame computers are multi user operating system. UNIX and Linux are the
popular multi user operating systems.
c).Multi Task Operating System [M.T.O.S] :- A multi-tasking operating system is one
that supports many works or tasks at a time by a single user.
Ex: Windows, Linux etc..,
WINDOWS
Windows is an Operating System. It’s developed by MICRO SOFT Corporation from
U.S.A.
Introduction to Windows:- Windows is a graphical user interface (GUI) operating
system. GUI refers to work with text, pictures sounds etc. the user can activate the
programs using by click on the menus all the programs are represented by icons is a
small picture that represents a specific program .
Versions of Windows:-
 Windows 3.1
 Windows 95
 Windows 98
 Windows XP
 Windows 2003
 Windows Vista
 Windows ME

 Windows 7
 Windows 8.1
 Windows 10
File:- A file is a collection of data stored in one unit, identified by a filename. It can be a
document, picture, audio or video stream, data library, application, or other collection of
data. The following is a brief description of each file type. Every file name enters the 256
characters.
Folder:- A digital folder has the same purpose as a physical folder – to store documents.
Computer folders can also store other types of files, such as applications, archives, scripts,
and libraries. Folders can even store other folders, which may contain additional files and
folders.
Icon:- Icons are a visual representation of something on your computer. For example, a
blue "e" on your screen most likely represents the Internet Explorer program.
Mouse:- It is a Graphical Input device. That controls the movement of cursor.
Mouse Operations:-
a) Mouse pointer/Cursor
b) Left single click
c) Left Double click
d) Right Click
e) Scrolling
f) Drag & Drop
Data:- The collection of raw facts is called as data. Data contains text, numbers, images, audio &
video etc...
Default Icons on Desktop:- The following are the default icons of computer desktop.
 My Computer:- My computer option is used to save folders in available storage drives. The
default directories of computer are C:\, D:\ etc.
 Recyclebin:- It is used to restore the deleted files or unexpectedly deleted files. It is possible
to delete files permanently without moving to recycle bin.
 My Documents:- These option is used to store the files without specifying the folder. It is a
default directory to store file or programs.
 My Network Places:- It is used to check the available internet sources to our computer.
 Internet Explorer:- It is used to search the information through web or online. It is a web
browser from Microsoft Corporation.
How to change the desktop background:-

Goto the Desktop blank area Right clickproperties the select the desktop option
Windows Explorer:- It contains system Drives, Folders, Subfolders, files etc., to enter into
explorer open windows explorer from programs menu.
Shortcut key: Windows Button + E
How to Create a Folder:-
Right click on empty spaceNewFolder
MS-PAINT

Paint is a drawing tool you can use to create simple and elaborate pictures. These
drawings can be either black and white or color, and can be saved as bit map 55files, we
can paint our drawings. Use it for your desk top back ground.
How to open the MS-Paint application:-
1. Start all programsAccessoriesMS-Paint
2. StartRunMS Paint
3. Window key +RMS paint
4. CTRL+ESC all programsAccessoriesMS-Paint
NOTEPAD
This is used to create and basic text formatting application.
How to open the notepad application:-
1. Start all programsAccessoriesNotepad
2. StartRunNotepad
3. Window key +RNotepad
4. CTRL+ESC all programsAccessoriesNotepad
WORDPAD
This is full text formatting applications.
How to open the word pad application:-
1. Start all programsAccessoriesWordpad
2. StartRunWordpad
3. Window key +RWordpad
4. CTRL+ESC all programsAccessoriesWordpad
MS-OFFICE
Ms-office is a package is developed by Microsoft Corporation to meet the requirement of
office transaction. There are different tools in ms-office .each tool is used to work with
different options.
I. MS-Word
II. MS-Excel
III. MS-Power Point
IV. MS-Access
MS-Word
MS- office is automatic software which used to design various applications. MS- office
2010 has various commands in the ribbon. MS-word is a package which is used to

prepare letters, envelops, reports, booklets and documents etc. Default file name is
document1.
Features of MS-Word:-
1. Creating and saving a file using password.
2. Using page margins around the page.
3. Aligning paragraphs and page.
4. Insert page numbers.
5. Creates headers and footers.
6. Insert table and working with tables.
7. Using spelling and grammar check.
8. Create mail merge.
9. Create watermark.
10. Work with graphs and Charts.
How to open the word pad application:-
1. Start all programsMicrosoft Office 2010MS-Word Document
2. StartRunWinword
3. Window key +RWinword
4. CTRL+ESC all programs Microsoft Office 2010MS-Word Document
5. Right Click on DesktopNewMicrosoft Word Document.
Quick Access Toolbar:- These toolbar provides quick access to commands that we
frequently use. By default save, undo & redo appear in the quick access toolbar.
Title Bar:- Next to the quick access toolbar is the title bar, which displays the name of
the current document.
Ruler:- We can use the horizontal and vertical ruler to align text, images and other
elements in the current document.
Text Area:- Text area is a large area just below the ruler, where we can type/insert the
desired content.
MS-Word User interface design
Tabs: There are seven tabs across the top of the word window.
Groups: Groups are sets of related commands, displayed on tabs.
Commands: A command is a button, a menu or a box where you enter information
File Tab:-
File tab consists the following options
New (Ctrl+N):- To open new workbook.
Open (Ctrl+O):- To open existing document
Save (Ctrl+S):- To saves a document.
Save as (F12):- To save copy document.
Print (Ctrl+P):- To prints a document.
Prepare:- To prepares document for distribution.
Send:- To sends a copy of document to other people.
Publish:- To distribute document to other people.
Close (Ctrl+W):- To closes a document.
Info: Info has the following options:
a. Mark as Final: This option is used to mark the document as final. By making final
anyone should not able to edit text to the document.
b. Encrypt With Password: It is used to Save & Secure our document with
password. No person has the access to open the document without knowing the
password.
c. Restrict Editing: These options make restricts editing our document without our
permission.
d. Restrict Editing by People: These options protect & restrict editing by people like
administrator, data entry etc.
e. Add a Digital Signature (DSC): These options are used to sign our document
through digital or online instead of making physical signature.
f. Prepare for Sharing: These option has the following options are there:
i. Inspect Document
ii. Check Accessibility
iii. Check Compatibility
Home Tab:-
Home Tab has the following groups as follows.
Clipboard Group options:-
1. Paste (Ctrl+V):- By using this option we can paste the copied text.
2. Cut (Ctrl+X):- This option is used to remove selected text from document.
3. Copy: - By using this option we can copy the selected text.
4. Format Painter:- Select the text or graphic that has the formatting that you want to copy.
Click Format Painter Button image. The pointer changes to a paint brush icon.
To apply formatting to more than one block of text or graphic, double-click Format
Painter.
To stop formatting, press esc.
Font Group Options:-
a. Font (Ctrl + Shift + F):- By using this option we can change the font face.
B.Font Size (Ctrl + Shift + P):- By using this option we can change the font Size.
c. Grow Font (Ctrl + Shift + >):- By using this option we can increase the font Size
d .Shrink Font (Ctrl + shift + <) :-By using this option we can decrease the font Size.
f. Bold (Ctrl + B):- By using this option we can make the selected text Bold.
g. Italic (Ctrl + I):- By using this option we can make the selected text Italic.
h. Underline (Ctrl + U) :- By using this option we can make the selected text Underline.
And also we can apply the styles and colors to the Underline.
i. Subscript (Ctrl + =):- By using this option we can create small letters bellow the text
baseline.
j.Superscript (Ctrl + Shift + +):- By using this option we can create small letters above the
line of the text.
k.Text highlight color: - By using this option we can make text look like it was marked
with a highlighter pen.
l.Font color:- By using this option we can change the text color.
m.Change case: - By using this option we can change all the selected text to Uppercase,
Lowercase and others.

n.Clear formatting: - By using this option we can clear the all formatting styles the
selected data.
Paragraph Group Options:-
i. Left Align (Ctrl+L):- By using this option we can align text to the left.
ii. Center Align (Ctrl+E):- By using this option we can type the text from center.
iii. Right ALign (Ctrl+R):-By using this option we can align text to the right.
iv. Justify Align (Ctrl+J):- By using this option we can align text to both the left and
right margins adding extra space between words and necessary. This creates a clean
look along the left and right side of the page.
v. Line spacing:- Change the spacing between lines of the text.
You can also customize amount of space added before and after paragraphs.
vi. Shading: - Color the background behind the selected text or paragraph.
vii. Bottom Border:- Customize the borders of the selected text or cells.
viii. Bullets:- By using this option we can start the bull ted list and also used to choose the
different styles of bullet.
ix. Numbering: - By using this option we can start a number list and also used to choose
different number formats.
x. Multilevel list:- By using this option we can start a multilevel list and also used to
choose different multilevel list styles.
Styles Group Options:-
It allows us to set the document font properties changed to heading styles like heading 1
style heading 2 style, etc….
Editing Group Options:-
a. Find (Ctrl+F):- It is used to find the given word available or not in our document.
It is very useful to finding the data in the document.
b. Replace (Ctrl+H):- It is used to replace the document data from one word to another
word.
c. Select all (Ctrl +A):- It is used to select the whole document.
Insert Tab
Pages Group Options:-
1. Cover page:- By using this option we can fill the title, author, date and other
information on cover page.
2. Blank page:- By using his option we can insert a new blank page at the curser position.
3. Page Break(Ctrl + Enter) :- By using his option we can start the next page at the current
position.
Tables Group Options:-
By using this option we can Insert or draw a table into the document in 3 ways. Layout
tab option’s used to Change the Table Rows height & column width, 9 types of
alignments in each and every cell.
In Design tab options used to we can change the Table Borders designs, Total table
designs.
Illustrations Group Options:-

Pictures:- By using this option we can insert any image to our document.
ClipArt:- Clipart option provides us to insert different pictures which are available in ms-
word document.
Shapes:- Insert some shapes on current document from our system like rectangles, squares
etc. We can Change the Shape Formats Like below some Options.
Fill the Colors, Gradient Colors, Textures, Patterns, Borders, Change Shape, Alignments,
Add the text Grouping & Un group etc.
SmartArt:- By using this option we can work with smart art like list, process, hierarchy,
relationship, pyramid, matrix to our document.
Chart:- This option used to insert charts like column charts, line charts, pie, bar, area, xy
(scatter), stock, surface, doughnut, bubble, radar charts.
Links Group options:-

Hyperlink (Ctrl + K) :- Create a link to a web page, a picture, mail address or a program.
Bookmark:- A bookmark identifies a location or a selection of text that you name and
identify for future reference. For example, you might use a bookmark to identify text that
you want to revise at a later time. Instead of scrolling through the document to locate the
text, you can go to it by using the Bookmark dialog box.
Header & Footer Group Options:-
Header:- The content in the header will be appeared at the top of each printed page.
Footer:- The content in the footer will be appeared at the bottom of each printed page.
Page Number:- To insert the page numbers Like different types of formats & styles.
Text Group Options:-

Text box :- Insert Pre-formatted text boxes.
Quick Parts:- The Quick Part Gallery is a gallery where you can create, store, and find
reusable pieces of content, including Auto Text, document properties such as title and
author, and fields.
Word art:- Insert decorative text in our document.
Drop cap:- Create a large capital letter the beginning of a paragraph.
Signature line:- A signature line–which you can create for a letter, form or legal
document. The signature line, which is delivered digitally, may include the person’s
name, title, company name, contact information and date.
Object:- You can insert objects into a Microsoft Word document when you want to
include information from files created in other Microsoft Office programs or in any
program that supports linked objects and embedded objects.
Symbols Group Options:-
Equations:- Insert some Equations like area of circle, binomial theorem, expansion of
sum, and Fourier series etc.
Symbols:- This option is used to insert symbols like ®, ¥, ™, β, £, ∞, µ, ©, π etc.
Page Layout Tab

Themes Group Options: -
Themes:- By using this option we can insert different theme to our document.
Colors:- This option provides us to change colors to themes applied to document.

Fonts:- By using this option we can change the font style of applied theme.
Page Setup Group Options:-

Margins:- Select the margin sizes for the entire document or the current section.
Orientation:- Switch the pages between portrait and landscape layouts.
Size:- Choose a paper size for the current section.
Columns:- Split text into two or more columns.
Break :- By using his option we can start the next page at the current position.
Line Numbers:- Microsoft Word can automatically count the lines in a document and
display the appropriate number beside each line of text.
Hyphenation:- If a word is too long to fit on the end of a line, Microsoft Word moves the
word to the beginning of the next line instead of hyphenating it.
Page Borders Group:-
Water Mark:- We can apply the two types of watermarks (Text & Picture) text behinds
the content on the page.
Page Color:- This option is used to fill the Colors, Gradient Colors, Textures, Patterns,
Pictures in our document.
Page Borders:- We can apply Borders, borders style, borders colors, border shadow, art
effects including width to our document.
References Tab
Table of Contents Group:-
Table of Content:- A table of contents is just like the list of chapters at the beginning of a
book. It lists each section in the document and the page number where that section begins.
A really basic table of contents might look like this:
You could create a table of contents manually, typing the section names and page
numbers, but it would take a lot of work. And if you ever decide to rearrange your
sections or add more information, you’ll have to update everything all over again.
However, with the right formatting, Word can create and update a table of contents
automatically.
Foot Notes Group Options:-
Insert Footnotes:- The footnote reference is added to the text, and the footnote itself is
placed at the bottom of the page.
Insert Endnote:- An endnote, like a footnote, has text following the little number, except
it appears at the end of the document. Navigate to the next footnote (or) Endnote in the
document.
Captions Group Options:-
Insert Captions:- You can add captions to figures, equations, or other objects. You can
also use those captions to create a table of the captioned items for example, a table of
figures or a table of equations. If the objects in your document are formatted as floating
objects, follow the instructions for adding captions to floating objects.
A table off figures includes a list of all of the figures, tables or equations in the document
If you insert a new caption, click the update table automatically update the table.
Index Group Options:-

Mark Entry:- If you’re working on a lengthy document or a book, you’ll want to create an
index for it. An index will help readers locate specific portions of your document or book
easily. To create your index, you must first mark the index entries. You can mark
individual words and phrases. You can also mark a block of text that spans a range of
pages. After you mark your index entries, you can select a design for your index and
insert the index in your document. Word will create the index, gathering the entries you
marked. It will also insert the page numbers and remove any duplicate entries that appear
on the same page.
Table of Authorities Group Options:-
Mark Citation:- All this clicking and decision-making results in a very long, complicated
code that’s embedded next to each authority. If you turn on Show/Hide (by clicking the
button that looks like a paragraph symbol ¶ in the Paragraph section of the Home tab),
you can see this hidden text: Between the two curly brackets {} are codes that tell Word
what table this is marked for (TA = Table of Authorities), what the long citation is (l),
what the short citation is (s), and what category to place the authority in (c 1 = “cases”).
There are other codes available, but that’s an advanced topic.
Update the table of authorities to include all of the citations in the document.
Mailings Tab
Create Group Option:-
Envelopes:-
a) On the Mailings tab, in the Create group, click Envelopes.
b) Click Options, and then click the Envelope Options tab.
c) In the Envelope size box, click the choice that matches the size of your envelope.
If none of the choices matches your envelope size, scroll to the bottom of the list,
click Custom size, and then type the dimensions of your envelope in the Width and
Height boxes.
d) If you want to format the text, select the text, right-click the selected text, and then
click Font on the shortcut menu.
Labels:-
e) Word can print a full page of the same label or a single label. Just type in an
address, a file folder or CD case name, and choose a label setup. If you’re printing
onto Avery labels, you can use an Avery template.
f) If you’re printing different labels on a page, you can set up a new label document
and type each label.
Start Mail Merge Group Options:-
Steps to perform for Mail Merge:-
Step1:- Click on Mailings Tabclick start mail merge click on letters (E-Mail
Messages, Envelopes, Labels and Directory etc.)
Step2:- Click on Select Recipients Select Type a new list (or) use an existing list
Select Customize columns Delete fields or Add or Rename columnsokoksave.
Step3:- Insert merge fields like Address, Pin code and details of recipient.
Step4: Click on Finish & merge option Edit individual Documentsclick on ok.

Review Tab
Proofing Group Options:-
Spelling & Grammar (F7) :- Check the spelling and grammar of text in the document in
two ways. Spelling mistake can be identified with a red color line & grammar mistake
can be identified with green color line below the word.
Word Count:- To find out how many words are in a particular paragraph or sentence of
your document, select the texts you want counted and click this button. The Word Count
Dialog box opens to display all the vital statistics.
Comments Group Options:-
New Comment:- Select the text or item that you want to comment on, or click on New
comment option and at the end of the text.
Delete Comment:- To quickly delete a single comment, right-click the comment, and then
click Delete Comment.
To quickly delete all comments in a document, click a comment in the document.
Edit Comment:- Click inside the balloon for the comment that you want to edit.
Previous Comment:- This option is used to go to previous comment.
Next Comment:- This option is used to go to next comment.
Tracking Group Options:-

Tracking Changes:- Track Changes is a way for Microsoft Word to keep track of the
changes you make to a document.
You can then choose to accept or reject those changes.
You can view all changes, including deletions, inline instead of inside balloons that
appear in the margins of your document. To show changes in line, in the Tracking group,
click Balloons, and then click Show all revisions in line.
Compare Group Options:-
Compare documents:- Compare two documents to see the difference between them.
Protect group:- You can use document protection to restrict the types of changes that
reviewers can make to your document.
You can use passwords to help prevent other people from opening or modifying your
documents, workbooks, and presentations. Keep in mind that Microsoft cannot retrieve
forgotten passwords.
View Tab
Documents Views Group:-
View the document as following different styles.
 Print layout
 Full screen reading
 Web layout
 Outline
 Draft
Show / hide Group Options:-

The Show/Hide Group on the Microsoft Word 2007 View tab is where you can choose to
display the following tools:
Ruler:- The Ruler displays above your document and along the left side of your document
and basically looks like a ruler. This is a helpful tool for setting tabs, indents,
and margins.
Grid-lines:- When you check the grid lines box, horizontal and vertical lines will be
displayed on your document.
Document Map:- An outline of your document’s headings will be displayed in a pane on
the left side of your document. You can then use this pane to quickly navigate to different
parts of your document. Just click on a heading and you’ll move to where that heading is
in your document.
Thumbnails:- The pages of your document will be displayed as thumbnails in a pane on
the left side of your document. You can then just click on any thumbnail to go directly to
that page.
Message Bar:- If something in a document poses a potential security risk, an alert bar will
appear. To make it go away, just uncheck the Message Bar box.
Zoom Group options:-
 The Zoom group on the View tab allows you to increase or decrease the size of the
view of your document.
 It just simply changes the view size.
 And click the 100% button to bring your document back to 100% view.
 Other options in the Zoom group include One Page, Two Pages and Page Width.
 Click on One Page to view the entire width of the document, one page at a time.
 Click on Two Pages to view the entire width of the document, two pages at a time
 Click on Page Width to increase the view of a single page.
Window Group Options:-
New Window:- This s option provides us to open the same document as new window
without closing the currently opened document.
Arrange All:- By using this option we can arrange currently opened two or more
documents as vertical or horizontal and above and below view.
File Types:-
Extension File Name Description
Docx Word Document
.docm Word Macro-Enabled Document
.doc Word 97-2003 Document
.dotx Word Template
.dotm Word Macro-Enabled Template
.dot Word 97-2003 Template
.Pdf Portable Document Format
.xps XPS Document
.mht (MHTML) Single File Web Page
.htm (HTML) Web Page
.htm (HTML, filtered) Web Page, Filtered

.rtf Rich Text Format
.txt Plain Text
.xml (Word 2007) Word XML Document
.xml (Word 2003) Word 2003 XML Document
Odt Open Document Text
.Wps Works 6-9
XML Extensible Markup Language
PDF Portable Document Format
XLS.XLSX Microsoft Excel
Bat Batch Files
C C Language
CPP C++
DAT Video or Data File
HLP Help
ISo Nero Image File
MBD Microsoft Access
PPT Microsoft Power Point
TMP Temporary
SHORTCUT KEYS:-
1. Ctrl+N—To Create a New Document
2. Ctrl+O—To Open an Existing Document
3. Ctrl+S—To Save the Current Document
4. F12—To Save the Document as new File
5. Ctrl+P—To Print a Document
6. Alt+F4—To close the Document or Shut Down the Computer
7. Ctrl+Z—To Undo the Changes
8. Ctrl+Y—To Redo a Change
9. Ctrl+A—To Select All or Entire Document
10. Ctrl+X—To Cut a Selection
11. Ctrl+C—To Copy a selection to Clipboard
12. Ctrl+V—To Paste a selection from Clipboard
13. Ctrl+B—To make text as Bold
14. Ctrl+I—To make text as Italic
15. Ctrl+U—To make Text as underline
16. Ctrl+= —To make Selected text as Subscript
17. Ctrl+Shift+= —To make selected as Superscript
18. Shift+F3—To make text as Capitalize
19. Ctrl+L—Align Text to Left
20. Ctrl+R—To Align Text to Right
21. Ctrl+E—To Align text to Centre
22. Ctrl+J—To Align Text as Justify
23. Ctrl+Shift+> — To Increase font Size
24. Ctrl+Shift+< — To Decrease the Font Size
25. Ctrl+Shift+A—To Change all characters to Capital
26. Ctrl+Shift+L—To change the Bullet Style
27. Ctrl+D—To Inset Micro Soft Paint Drawing
28. Ctrl+F—To Find a specified text in a document
29. Ctrl+H—To replace specified text with other
30. Ctrl+Home—To move to the First page of Document
31. Ctrl+End—To move to the Last page of Document
32. F10—To display Special Tips
33. F1—Open help
MS-EXCEL
Introduction:
Excel is a Microsoft office application. Excel is mainly used for making calculations and
mathematical works. Microsoft excel is a spread sheet application in which no of sheets
we can add as per our requirements. Collection of pages is known as Work Book. Work
book by default opens with Three worksheets and it contain a maximum of 255
worksheets. In a single sheet, it consists of rows and columns and cells. Every cell has
different address. Spreadsheet programs are developed to automate tasks such as technical
calculations, internal statistics, analyzing data and graphical presentation of numeric data.
The spreadsheets are commonly used for production, planning, personal management,
marketing, payrolls & accounting.
Features of MS-Excel:
1. Working with work books and sheets
2. Easy calculations and formula making
3. Data analysis and data base managements.
4. Working with charts
5. Formatting techniques.
6. What if analysis
How to open Excel application:-
6. Start all programsMicrosoft Office 2010MS-Excel
7. StartRunExcel
8. Window key +RExcel
9. CTRL+ESC all programs Microsoft Office 2010MS-Excel
10. Right Click on DesktopNewMicrosoft Excel Worksheet
Spreadsheet Details:-
Worksheet is a grid made up of Horizontal Rows & Vertical Columns. The excel
worksheet contains 10,48,576 rows and 16,384 columns.
Row & Columns Numbers:-
Row number starts with 1,2,3,4,5,6……. up to 10,48,576 and column letters are identified
with A,B,C,D,… to Z and AA-AZ, BA-BZ… to 16,384 columns.
Active Cell:-
Active cell can be identified with a black outline. Data is always entered in the active cell.
Formula Bar:-
Located above the worksheet, this area displays the content value or formula used in the
active cell. It can also use for entering or editing data and formulas.

Wrap Text:-
Make all contents visible with in a cell by displaying it on multiple lines.
Merge and Center:-
Joins the selected cell into one larger cell and centers the contents the new cell.
Error Messages for Formulas in Excel:-
Error Description
#Div/0! The Formula tries to divide by 0 (Zero) or the divisor reference a
blank cell with excel considers to be a 0 (zero) value.
#Null Two or More cell reference are not separated correctly in formula.
Ex:- sum(A1 A2) instead of Sum(A1,A2)
#Name? The formula contains text that excel doesn’t recognize such as an
unknown function (or) range name.
Ex:- Summ instead of Sum.
#Value! The formula has the wrong type of argument (such as text where a
True or False value is required) (or) the formula contains wrong type
of operator.
#Ref! The formula refers to a cell that doesn’t exist; such as a cell that was
deleted.
########### The column is not wide enough to display the result of the calculation
or text or there is a negative number in the cell that has been formatted
for dates or times.
#N/A A value is not available to a function or formula.
#Num! A formula or function contains invalid numeric value.
MS- EXCEL FORMULAS

Formula is used to perform calculations. Every formula should begin with = or +
Ex:- =10+20 or +10+20
Operators:
Operator is symbol, which performs a specific operation.
Mathematical Operations:-
+ : Addition.
: : Range
- : Subtraction.
* : Multiplication.
/ : Division.
^ : Exponent or power.
& : Text Concatenation
Relational Operators (Comparison operators):-
.>,<,>=, <=,=,< >

Types of formulas in MS-Excel:-
Excel functions are grouped into 10 categories.
Category Example
Financial Calculates interest rates, loan repayments, depreciation amount etc.
Date & Time Returns the current hour, day of week, or year or time or date.
Maths & Calculates absolute values and consigns and logarithms.
Trigonometrical
Statistical Calculates total, average, high and low numbers in a range, standard
deviation etc.
Lookup & Searches for and returns value from a range, hyperlinks to network
Reference or internet documents.
Database Calculates average, minimum, maximum etc.
Text Converts text to upper or lower cases, trim characters from left or
right the end of a text in the cell.
Logical Evaluates an expression and returns a value of true or false.
Information Returns information from excel or windows about current status of a
cell, object, the environment.
Engineering Included with MS- office but must be installed separately from the
analysis tool pack.
I). Financial Functions:-

1) NPV (Net Present Value):- It calculates the present value of an investments used on
a discount rate and series of future payments.
Formula:- =NPV(Rate,Value1,(Value2),…)
Example:-
Si.No A) Data B)Description
1 10% Annual Discount
2 -10000 Initial Cost of Investment from Today
3 3000 Return from 1st year
4 4200 Return from 2nd year
5 6800 Return from 3rd year
Formula:- =NPV(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5) Ans: 1,188.44
Or
=NPV(A1,A2:A5)  Ans: 1,188.44
2) FV (Future Value):- It returns the future value of an investment based on periodic,
constant payments & a constant interest rates.
Formula:- =Fv(Rate,nper,pmt,[pv],[type]).
Rate = Interest rate per period
Nper =Is the total no.of payment periods in a year (EMI’s).
Pmt = Is the total payment made in a year.

Pv = Is the present value of PV is omitted or assumed by Zero (0).
Type = Indicates no.of payments still due or pending.
Example:-
1 6% Annual Interest rate
2 10 No.of payments per year
3 -200 Amount of the payment per installment
4 -500 Present Value
5 1 Payment is due at the beginning of the year.
Formula:- =FV(A1/A2,A2,A3,A4,A5)  Ans: 2598.03
3) IRR (Internal Rate of Return):- It returns the IRR for a series of cash flows
represented by the no.of values.
Formula:- =IRR(Value,(guess)).
Example:-
1 -70,000 Initial cost of Business (Capital)
2 12,000 Net income for the 1st year
3 15,000 Net income for the 2nd year
4 18,000 Net income for the 3rd year
5 21,000 Net income for the 4th year
6 26,000 Net income for the 5th year
Formula:- =IRR(A1:A6) Ans : 9%

4) PMT:- It calculates the payment for a loan (installment) based on constant payment
and interest rate.
Formula:- =PMT(rate,nper,pv[fv,[type]).
Example:-
1 8% Annual Interest Rate
2 10 No.of months of payments
3 10,000 Amount of loan
Formula:- =PMT(A1/12,A2,A3) Ans: -1037.03

Or
=PMT(A1/12,A2,A3,0,1) Ans: -1030.16
5) SLN (Straight Line Method):- It returns the straight line depreciation of an asset for
one period.
Formula:- =SLN(cost,salvage,life)
Example:-

1 30,000 Cost of the asset
2 7500 Salvage value at the end of year
3 10 Useful life of asset
Formula:- =SLN(A1,A2,A3) Ans: 2250
II). Mathematical Functions:-

These functions are used to perform mathematical operations.
1) Sum:- This function returns the sum of given numbers.
Formula:- =Sum(A1A2,A3,A4…..An) or =Sum(A1:A50)
Eg.: =Sum (10, 20, 30) Ans: 60 or
= Sum (E2:H2)
2) Product:- This Function returns the product of given numbers.
Formula:- =Product(Number1,Number2,Number3…..Numbern).
Eg.: =Product (10, 20, 30) Ans: 6000 or
=Product (E2:H2)
3) Sqrt:- This function returns the square root value of the given number.
Formula:- =Sqrt(Number)
Eg.: =Sqrt (64) Ans: 8
4) Power:- It returns the result of a number raised to a power.
Formula:- =Power(Number,Power)
Eg.: =power (4, 3)Ans: 64
5) ABS:- It returns the absolute value of a number, a number without its sign.
Formula:- =Abs(Number)
Eg.: =Abs(-4) Ans: 4
6) GCD:- This function returns the greatest common divisor of two or more integers.
Formula:- =Gcd(Number1,[Number2]…..)
Eg.: =Gcd(24,36) Ans: 12
7) INT:- It rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
Formula:- =Int(Number)
Eg.: =Int(8.9) Ans: 8
8) Round:- It rounds the number to a specified number of digits.
Formula:- =Round(Number, No.of Digits)
Eg.: =Round(2.15,1) Ans: 2.2
9) Log:- It returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.
Formula:- =Log(number,[base]).
Eg.: = log (20)Ans: 1.3010
10)Mod:- This function returns the remainder after number is divided by divisor. The
remainder has the same sign as divisor.
Formula: =Mod(Number,divisor).

Eg.: =Mod (25, 3)Ans: 1(Remainder).
11)Sub Total:- It returns a subtotal in a list or database.

Formula:- =subtotal(function no.,ref1,ref2…..)
Function no. is the number 1 to 11 (includes hidden values) or 101 to 111 (ignores
hidden values) that specifies which function to use in calculating subtotals with a
list.
Function No. Function No. Function
(Includes Hidden Values (Ignores Hidden Values)
1 101 AVERAGE
2 102 COUNT
3 103 COUNTA
4 104 MAX
5 105 MIN
6 106 PRODUCT
7 107 STDEV
8 108 STDEVP
9 109 SUM
10 110 VAR
11 111 VARP
Example:-
Si.No A) Data
1 120
2 10
3 150
4 23
Formula:- =Subtotal(9,A1:A4) Ans: 303
=Subtotal (1,A1:A4) Ans: 75.75
12)Sumif:- It adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria.

Formula:- =sumif(rage,criteria,sum range)
Example:-
Si.No A) Property Value B) Commission C) Data
1 1,00,000 7,000 2,50,000
2 2,00,000 14,000
3 3,00,000 21,000
4 4,00,000 28,000
Formula:- =Sumif(A1:A4,”>160000”) Ans: 9,00,000

=Sumif(A1:A5,300000,B1:B5) Ans: 21,000
=Sumif(A1:A5,”>”&C1,B1:B5) Ans: 49,000
III). Statistical Functions:-

1) Average:- This function returns the average value of the given number.
Eg.: =Average (1,2,3) Ans: 2
2) Count:- This function returns number of values existing in the given list.
Eg.: =Count (a1:a10)
3) Min (range):- This Function returns the minimum values in the given list.
Eg.: = (10, 20, 30) Ans: 10
4) Max (range):- This function returns the maximum values in the given list.
Eg.: = Max (10, 20, and 30) Ans: 30
5) Avedev:- it returns the average of absolute deviations of data points from their mean.
Formula:- =Avedev(Number1,Number2……..).
6) Count:- Counts the number of cells that contain numbers and also numbers within the
list of arguments.
Formula:- =Count(value1,value2…..)
IV) Date &Time Functions:-

1) Today ( ):- This function returns the present date.
Eg.: =Toda y ( )
2) Now ( ):- This function returns the present date &time now.
Eg.: =Now ( )
3) Month ( ):- Returns the month number of given data.
Eg.: =Month (A6); Here A6 contains a data value.
4) Day ( ):- Returns the day number of given data.
Eg.: =Day (A6)
5) Year ( ):- Returns the year number of given data.
Eg.: =Year (A6)
V) Text Functions:-
1) Upper ( ):- This function returns the given text in capital letters.
Eg: =Upper (“goodwill”)Ans: GOODWILL.
2) Lower ( ):- This function returns the given text in small letters.
Eg: =Lower (“INDIA”)Ans: india
3) Proper ( ):- This function returns the given text in the sentence case.
Eg.: =Proper (“system”) Ans: System.
4) Len ( ):- This function returns the length of the given text.
Eg.: =Len (“system”)Ans: 6
5) Left ( ):- This function returns the left most ‘n’ character of the given text.
Eg.: =left (“component”, 3)Ans: com
6) Right ( ):- This function returns the right most ‘n’ character of the given text.
Eg.: = right (“system”, 4)Ans: stem

7) Mid ( ):- This function returns the ‘n’ characters starting from ‘imposition.
Eg.: =mid (“computer”, 4, 3)Ans: put.
8) Replace ( ):- Replaces the data with new data
Formula: =Replace (text, starting position, no. of chars, new text).
Eg.: =Replace (“micro soft”, 2, 1,”u”)Ans:
9) Rept ( ):- Repeats any character specified number of times
Eg.: =Rept (“#”, 5) Ans: #####
10) Trim:- This formula will remove any spaces entered before and after the text
Entered in the cell
E.g::- Trim(g o o d w i l l) Ans: goodwill
VI) Logical Functions:

The logical functions will work on the logical values and return logical values (true or
false)We can use functions for comparing two or more values and returns true,
a. If every argument is true otherwise returns false.
A B Result
T T T
T F F
F F F
F F F
b. Or: Returns true if any one of the arguments is true otherwise returns false.
A B Result
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F
c. NOT: Returns to, if given arguments is False otherwise returns False

A Result
T T
F T
d. If: - Allow you to make decisions among a group of conditions. It returns
expressions 1. If given condition is true, otherwise returns expressions 2.
Formula: =if (condition, expression 1, expression 2)
Ex: if (10>20),”no”,” yes “Ans= yes

STUDENT MARKS SHEET
Formulas:-
Total: =Sum(C1:H1)
Average: =Average( J1/6) (Total Marks/Total Subjects)
Result:- =if(and(C>=35,D1>=35,E1>=35,F1>=35,G1>=35,H1>=35,”PASS”,”FAIL”))
Grade:-
=if(K1=”FAIL”,”F”,if(J1>=90,”A,if(J1>=75,”B”,If(J1>=50,”C”,if(J1>=35,”D”)))))
Rank:-
=if(K=”FAIL”,”NA”,Rank(J1,J$1,J$6,0))
A B C D E F G H I J K L
S.no Student Telugu English Hindi Math’s Science Social Total Average Result Grade
name marks
1 Sekhar 89 88 96 97 88 89
2 Amar 85 54 65 55 54 85
3 Anand 58 78 45 88 45 85
4 Anil 45 54 58 65 12 87
5 Ashok 65 56 78 56 56 84
6 Arun 54 22 54 55 64 86
MARKETING SHEET
A B C D E F G
S.no Name of items Quantity Cost Total amount Discount Grand total
1 RING 200 2000
2 CHAIN 500 2500
3 WATCH 400 2800
4 MADEL 600 2600

5 GOLD 800 2000
Formulas:-
Total Amount:- =Quantity*Cost (C2*D2)
Discount:- = Total Amount *Percentage Amount (E2*2%)
Grand Total: - =Total Amount –Discount Amount (E2-F2)
SALARY SHEET
S.no Name of the Employee Salary Hra Da Ta Pf Lic Total
1 SEKHAR 10000
2 REDDY 8000
3 ASHOK 10000
4 PAVITHRA 12000
5 PADMA 14000
Formulas:-
HRA:- =Salary*Percentage Amount (C2*2%)
DA:- =Salary*Percentage amount (C2*3%)
TA:- =Salary*Percentage Amount (C2*3%)
PF:- =Salary*Percentage Amount (C2*3%)
LIC:- =Salary*Percentage Amount (C2*3%)
TOTAL:- = Salary-HRA-DA-TA-PF-LIC (=C2-D2-E2-F2-G2-H2)
Working with Data

Whenever you're working with a lot of data, it can be difficult to compare information in
your workbook.
Freezing Panes and View Options:-
Excel includes several tools that make it easier to view content from different parts of
your workbook at the same time, such as the ability to freeze panes and split your
worksheet.
To freeze Rows:-
You may want to see certain rows or columns all the time in your worksheet, especially
header cells. By freezing rows or columns in place, you'll be able to scroll through your
content while continuing to view the frozen cells.
1. Select the row below the row(s) you wish to freeze.
2. Click the View tab on the Ribbon.
3. Select the Freeze Panes command, and then choose Freeze Top Row option from the
drop-down menu.
To freeze columns:-
1. Select the column to the right of the column(s) you wish to freeze.
2. Click the View tab on the Ribbon.
3. Select the Freeze Panes command, and then choose Freeze First Column option
from the drop-down menu.
To unfreeze rows or columns, click the Freeze Panes command, then select
Unfreeze Panes from the drop-down menu.
To Split a Worksheet:-
Sometimes you may want to compare different sections of the same workbook without
creating a new window. The Split command allows you to divide the worksheet into
multiple panes that scroll separately.
1. Select the cell where you wish to split the worksheet.
2. Click the View tab on the Ribbon, and then select the Split command.
3. The workbook will be split into different panes. You can scroll through each
pane separately using the scroll bars, allowing you to compare different
sections of the workbook.
To remove the split, click the Split command again.
Sorting Data:-
As you add more content to a worksheet, organizing that information becomes especially
important. You can quickly reorganize a worksheet by sorting your data. For example,
you could organize a list of contact information by last name. Content can be sorted
alphabetically, numerically, and in many other ways.
When sorting data, it's important to first decide if you would like the sort to apply to the
entire worksheet or just a cell range.
1) Sort sheet organizes all of the data in your worksheet by one column.
2) Sort range sorts the data in a range of cells, which can be helpful when working
with a sheet that contains several tables. Sorting a range will not affect other
content on the worksheet.
To sort a sheet:-
3) In our example, we'll sort a T-shirt order form alphabetically by Last Name
(column C).
4) 1. Select a cell in the column you wish to sort by. In our example, we'll select cell
C2.
5) Select the Data tab on the Ribbon, and then click the Ascending command to
Sort A to Z, or the Descending command to Sort Z to A. In our example, we'll
click the Ascending command.
6) The worksheet will be sorted by the selected column. In our example, the
worksheet is now sorted by last name.

Filtering Data:-
If your worksheet contains a lot of content, it can be difficult to find information quickly.
Filters can be used to narrow down the data in your worksheet, allowing you to view
only the information you need.
To filter data:-
1. In order for filtering to work correctly, your worksheet should include a header
row, which is used to identify the name of each column.
2. Select the Data tab, then click the Filter command.
3. A drop-down arrow will appear in the header cell for each column.
4. Click the drop-down arrow for the column you wish to filter.
5. The Filter menu will appear.
6. Uncheck the box next to Select All to quickly deselect all data.
7. Check the boxes next to the data you wish to filter, then click OK.
To remove all filters from your worksheet, click the Filter command on the Data tab.
Working with Charts:-
Creating a chart in Microsoft Office Excel is quick and easy. Excel provides a variety of
chart types that you can choose from when you create a chart. Excel offers Pie, Line, Bar,
and Column charts to name but a few. Showing data in a chart can make it clearer, more
interesting and easier to read. Charts can also help you evaluate your data and make
comparisons between different values.
Understanding charts:-

Excel has several different types of charts, allowing you to choose the one that best fits
your data. In order to use charts effectively, you'll need to understand how different charts
are used.
Types of Charts:
a) Column charts use vertical bars to represent data. They can work with many
different types of data, but they're most frequently used for comparing

information.
b) Line charts are ideal for showing trends. The data points are connected with lines,
making it easy to see whether values are increasing or decreasing over time.
c) Pie charts make it easy to compare proportions. Each value is shown as a slice of
the pie, so it's easy to see which values make up the percentage of a whole.
d) Bar charts work just like Column charts, but they use horizontal bars instead of
vertical bars.
e) Area charts are similar to line charts, except that the areas under the lines are
filled in.
f) Surface charts allow you to display data across a 3D landscape. They work best
with large data sets, allowing you to see a variety of information at the same
time.
Macros:-
A macro is an action or setoff functions that can use to automate tasks or a macro is a
recording of your routine steps in excel that you can replay using a single button.
Recording a Macro:-
1. In the Ribbon, select the View Tab and click on the Macros button
2.Click on the menu item Record Macro
3.Give the macro the name”Format_Table”. You cannot use spaces in Macro names,
so a “_” sign is used instead.
4. Write a "t" as a shortcut. This enables you to activate the macro by holding down
the CTRL key on your keyboard and press the T key.
Choose to save the macro in Personal Macro Workbook.

5.You can write a short descriptive text about the macro if you want.
6.Click OK.
Play a Macro:-
1.Select a random cell region. You decide where and how large the region should be.
2.Hold the CTRL key down on the keyboard and press the T key
You can record as many macros as you like. You can view a list of them by clicking the
View Tab in the Ribbon, and then click the Macros button. In the menu that appears,
click View Macros.
Look-up:-
Look-up functions can find values in a table from reference values. Imagine that you have
an index of members in an organization. The index contains a column with membership
numbers and then columns of name, address, member type, etc.
VOOKUP (Vertical Lookup):-

VLOOKUP finds values in a table using a search value. Vlookup is a function to lookup &
retrieve data in a table, which means the data in the table must be arranged vertically with
data in rows.
Formula:- VLOOKUP (Lookup Value, table array, column index number, Range lookup)
“Lookup_value” is the value to took for in the first column of the table.
“Table_array” is the value from which to retrieve a value.
“Col_index_num” is the table from which to retrieve data.
HLOOKUP (Horizontal Lookup):-

HLOOKUP works exactly like VLOOKUP, but instead of searching downwards in the first
column, it searches along the first row. Instead of a column number there is also a row
number.
Formula:- HLOOKUP (Lookup Value, table array, row index number, Range lookup)
Conditional Formatting:-
Conditional formatting icon in the Styles group on the Home Tab helps in easy to use
data visualization. To apply conditional formatting select the cells the user wants to analyze
and then click Home TabStyles GroupConditional Formatting. The possibilities in
data visualization are:
1. Highlight Cells Rules:-
When the user chooses this option he/she can highlight data that:
 is greater than a value
 is less than a value
 is between a high and low value
 is equal to a value
 Contains a value
 is a date that occurs in a particular range
 is either unique or duplicate elsewhere in the worksheet.
2. Top/Bottom Rules:-
Top/Bottom rules apply formatting to cells whose values fall in top x% or the bottom y%
etc. The actual options are:
 top 10 items
 to 10%
 bottom10 items
 bottom10%
 above average
 below average
3. Data Bars:-
Data bars have the following options:
a. Gradient Fill
b. Solid Fill
4. Color Scales & Icon Sets
PIVOT TABLE:-
When we create a pivot table report from worksheet data, that data becomes the source data
for the pivot table report. The steps to create pivot table from worksheet data as follows:
1. Select any cell in the database. Make sure that database has column headings.
2. On the Insert Tab, in the Tables group, click Pivot table, or click the arrow below
Pivot table and then click Pivot Table.
3. Under choose the data that you want to analyze, make sure that select a table or
range is selected, and then in the table/range box, verify the range of cells that
user wants to use as the underlying data.
4. Under choose where you want the pivot table report to be placed, specify a
location by doing one of the following:
a) To place the pivot table in a new worksheet starting a cell A1, click new
worksheet.
b) To place the pivot table report in an existing worksheet, Existing
Worksheet and then in the location box, specify the first cell in the range of
cells where the user wants to position the pivot table report.
5. Click Ok
Excel adds an empty pivot table report to the specified location and displays the pivot
table field list so that the user can add files, create a layout, and customize the pivot table.
6. To add fields to the report, do one or more of the following:

a) To place a field in the default area of the layout section, select the check box
next to the field name in the field section. By default nonnumeric fields are
added to the row labels area, numeric fields are added to the values area, and
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) date and time hierarchies are added to the
column labels area.
b) To place field in a specific area of the layout section, right-click the field name
in the field section, and then select add report filter, add to column label, add
to row label or add to values.
c) To drag a field to a specific area of the layout section, click and hold the filed
name in the filed section, and then drag it to an area in the layout section.
The layout of the pivot table can be arranged keeping the following guidelines in the
mind.
Areas in layout section of Description
pivot table report
Values Display summary of numeric data
Row labels Display fields as row on the side of the report. A row lower
in position is nested within another row immediately above
it.
Column Labels Display fields as column at the top of the report. A column
lower in position is nested within another column
immediately above it.
Report Filter Filters the entire report based on the selected item in the
report filter.
WHAT IF ANALYSIS:- What-if-analysis in Excel is a tool in Excel that helps you run
reverse calculations, sensitivity analysis and scenarios comparison. Decision making is a
crucial part of any business or job role. When you can take decisions, which are informed
based on data, the outcome of the business or project or task is always more in control.
Thus, What if Excel is used by almost every data analyst and especially middle to higher
management professionals, to make better, faster and more accurate decisions based on
data.
3 Parts of What if Analysis:-
 Goal Seek – Reverse calculations
 Data Table – Sensitivity analysis
 Scenario Manager – Comparison of scenario
Steps to perform Goal seek:-
Step1:- Create a spreadsheet in Excel that has your data.
Step2:- Click the cell you want to change. This is called the “Set cell”.
Step3:- From the Data tab, select what if analysis… button.
Step4:- Select Goal seek… from the drop down menu.
Step5:- In the Goal Seek dialog, enter the new “what if” amount in the to value text box.
Step6:- We also need to tell Excel which cell to change.
Step7:- Click OK. Excel will overwrite the previous cell value with the new one.
Step8:- If you wish to accept the new value, click OK.
Steps to perform Data Table:-

Step2:- Type Principle value, Rate of Interest, Period.
Step3:- To calculate amount equal to sum (principle*rate of interest*period) +principle.
Step4: Select range of data table including formula.
Step6:- Select Data Table… from the drop down menu.
Step7:- In the data table dialog, enter the new row address range in first box and enter
Column address in second box. .
Step8:- Click OK. Excel will overwrite the previous cell value with the new one.
Scenario Manager:-
Steps to Perform Scenario Manager:-
Step2:- Click the cell you want to change. This is called the “Set cell”.
Step4:- Select Scenario Manager… from the drop down menu.
Step5:- In the Scenario Manager dialog, enter the new Scenario name Click add button.
Step6:- Enter scenario name, changing cell reference & comment in scenario manager
dialogue box then click ok.
Step7:- To enter scenario value of the selected cell.
SHORTCUT KEYS:
1. F1—Display office Assistant Help
2. F2—Edits the Active Cell
3. F3—Display Dialogue Box (Insert, Name, Paste Etc..,)
4. F4—Repeat the Last Work Sheet Action
5. F5—Display the Edit as Goto Dialog Box
6. F6—Moves to the Next Pane
7. F7—Displays Tools or Spelling Dialog Box
8. F8—Toggles where to extend a selection with arrow keys
9. F9— Calculates all the work sheets in all the open work books
10. Shift+F1—Activates the content where it is a prompt or not
11. Shift+F2—Insert or Edit a Cell Comment
12. Shift+F3—Displays the Insert Dialogue Box
13. Shift+F4—Repeats the Last find save as or find next
14. Shift+F5—Displays the find dialogue box
15. Shift+F6—Moves to the previous pane
16. Shift+F8—Moves between add on mode off
17. Shift+F9—Calculates just the active sheet
18. Ctrl+F1—Close and response current task pane
19. Ctrl+F3—Displays the name Dialog Box
20. Ctrl+F4—Closes the Selected work book window
21. Ctrl+F5—Restores the size of Active workbook or window
22. Ctrl+F6—Moves to the next open work book
23. Ctrl+F7—Activates the Move window command
24. Alt+F1—Activates a Chart
25. Alt+F2—Display the File Save as Dialog Box
26. Alt+F4—Closes all the workbooks and exit excel
27. Alt+F8—Displays the Macros Dialog Box
28. Alt+F11—Toggles between the Visual basic editor window and the Excel
Window
29. Alt+Ctrl+F9—Calculates all cells on all work sheets in all work books
30. Alt+Shift+F1—Inserts a active worksheet into a active work book
31. Alt+Shift+F2—Displays the Save a dialogue Box
32. Alt+Shift+F4—Closes all the workbooks
33. Ctrl+0 (Zero)—Hides Columns in the current selections
34. Ctrl+1—Displays the Format Dialogue Box
35. Ctrl+C—To copy the selected cell
36. Ctrl+D—To copy the first cell in the selected cell
37. Ctrl+E—Goto To Current Error
38. Ctrl+G—Displays Goto Dialogue Box
39. Ctrl+J—To Use calculation between manual & automatic
40. Ctrl+K—to insert a Hyperlink
41. Ctrl+N—To Create New Work book
42. Ctrl+R—Copies the Leftmost cell in the selection to the Right
43. Alt+Ctrl+V—Paste Special
44. Ctrl+W—Closes the active workbook
MS-POWER POINT
Introduction:- MS-Power point 2010 can be used to prepare professional looking
presentations made up of a series of charts, designs, animations, smart art, eye-catching
text, multimedia, audit & video clips. Power point components can be work on slides and
organize presentations without lines. The presentations generate speaker notes , hand notes
etc. power point allow us to create the contents of presentations by typing some text , by
inserting pictures , sound and some other objects with animations. It also provides galleries
of images, sounds. Power point makes the creations of any presentations very simple just
by providing us some predefine design called “Temples “and “Auto layout”. It allow you
to view presentations in different ways such as slide show, rehearsals etc.
How to Start the Ms-Power Point:-

1. Start ProgramsMicrosoft OfficeMicrosoft Power Point
2. Start RunPower point
3. Right Click on DesktopSelect New OptionSelect MS-Power Point.
User interface of Ms-Power point:-
Power point presentations are composed of slides, just like conventional
presentations. Each PowerPoint slide presents one full screen of information to audience
members, meetings or course particulars, and:
· Can be edited easily.
· Can incorporate text and images from other documents.
· Can utilize animation effects.

· Can be easily stored, shared, and reused.
Its executable name is PowerPoint. Its extension is .ppt
Parts of Power Point Screen:-
Menu bar:- It contains different menu options provided by power point applications such
as File, Edit, Format Tools, slide show, window, and help.
Standard tool bar:- The stranded tool bar contains different icons to work with power
point. These are all the shortcuts of menu options.
Status bar: - It is located at the bottom of power point application windows. It displays the
current slides number, total number of slides and name of the template information.
Vertical scroll bar: - It is used to scroll through the slides in presentations.
View Button:- They are located in the left corner of horizontal scroll bar, can be used to
view slides it different way such as normal view, outline slide sorter, slide show.
Create new Presentations:-
Goto the file menu choose the new option click him the display the right side started
presentation then the new presentations option, other two options displayed.
Starting new presentation:-
Blank presentation:-
Double click on blank presentation option to start a new presentation from window.
Recent Template:-
This section of new screen lists templates recently used to create a presentation.
Sample Templates:-
Click sample templates option to create a presentation with various design elements stored
in the templates.
Work with slides:-
New Slide:-
1. Click the New Slide button on the Formatting toolbar.
2. From the list of Slide Layouts, select the layout you want to apply to the new slide.
3. You may now begin adding content using the placeholders in the layout.
Layout:-
If you want a different layout for the slide you can quickly change the layout for any slide.
Reset Slide:-
You may have to change the position, size, and text layout for the placeholders on the slide.
Adding a slide:-
1. Make the slide active you want to insert new slide.
2. Form insert Menu choose “New Slide”.
3. In the slide lay out dialog box choose the lay out and click on “OK” button.
Deleting a slide:-
1. Make the slide active which you want to delete.
2. From edit menu choose delete option then select
Entering text:-
Every slide in a presentations coatings same kind of text. In power point we can enter all
text in text place holders. (Text boxes) you may also place auto shapes, word arts, graphs,
pictures etc. in slide.
Types of Views of Presentations:-
1. Slide view:- It is used to create and edit slide. This in the default view here you may be
displayed only one slide at a time. If you want to edit another slide (navigation) you have
to page up on page down keys.

2. Outline view:- It can be used to view the text contents in a separate page where you can
edit the text. The outline views display only the text of multiple slides in the outline form.
3. Slide sorter view:- This view can be used to display all slides I slide by slide format. To
re –arrange the order of slides on a presentations this can be done by click and drag option.
4. Notes page view:- It is used to insert or edit notes to slides in presentations. Each slide
has a separate notes page, will be displayed just below to slide.
5. Slide show view:- This view display slides in full screen just like previous of
presentations. You may be displayed all slide with all animation effects. You may advance
slide by clicking with mouse or pressing any key to view previous slide press “B”.
Automatically advanced slides in presentations:-
1. Open the slide show chooses the “slide transition “option.
2. In the displayed dialog box choose “Transition effects “and deselect [x] “on mouse click”,
then select “Automatically _seconds “.
3. Click on “Apply to all “button and then press “enter”.
Themes:-
Design themes are a convenient way to add a professional flair to your presentation.
Themes include pre-set color palettes, fonts, backgrounds, and formatting effects.
Selecting a Theme:-
To choose a Theme for an open slide, use the Theme group under the Design tab.
Use the arrows on the right of the Theme group to scroll through the themes, or to see all
available themes at once.
Transitions to the slide:-
Slide transitions are like the effects used in films to change from scene to scene.
(or)
A transition is a special effect used to introduce a slide during a slide show.
Removing Transitions:-
On the Animation tab in the Transitions gallery choose No Transition
The transition will be removed from the slide.
Apply a custom animation effect:-
1. Select the text or object that you want to animate.
2. On the Animations tab, in the Animations group, click Custom Animation.
3. A Custom animation task pane will appear on the right of the screen.
4. In the Custom Animation task pane, click Add Effect, and then do one or more
5. Specify your desired speed for the text animation.
6. Preview the effect.
Slide Show:- There are several different ways to start your slide show. In the bottom right
hand corner of the screen, next to the zoom slider, click on the small slideshow button. The
show will start from the first slide.
· Click FROM BEGINNING to start the show from the first slide.
· Click FROM CURRENT SLIDE to start from the slide you have active.

Custom Slide Show:-
Click CUSTOM SLIDE SHOW, then Custom Shows… to bring up the Custom Shows
dialog. Click New and choose the slides you wish to use in your show and the order.
Hyper Link & Book Mark:-
Hyperlink:-
1. Right-click the selected text or image, then click Hyperlink.
2. The Insert Hyperlink dialog box will appear.
3. On the left side of the dialog box, click Place in this Document. Creating a
Hyperlink to another slide.
4. A list of the other slides in your presentation will appear.
5. Click OK.
Book Mark:-
Video clip:-
Under Video Tools, on the Playback tab, in the Bookmarks group, click Add Bookmark.
Audio clip:-
Under Audio Tools, on the Playback tab, in the Bookmarks group, click Add Bookmark.
Photo album:-
1. Creating a photo album in Microsoft Office PowerPoint from pictures on your hard
disk
2. Go to Insert Tab
3. Go to Images Group
4. Click Photo album
5. Click New photo album
6. Click File/Disk
7. Select the Photos on your Computer
8. Click Insert Button
9. Click Create Button
Rehearse Timing:-
By using this option we can apply the timing to the specified slides and specified effects. It
is mainly used to display the names and shapes and here we can reset the timing also.
Action buttons are built-in button shapes you can add to a presentation and set to link to
another slide, play a sound, or perform a similar action. When someone clicks or moves
over the button, the selected action will occur.
INTERNET
Introduction:- It is global connection of high power computers that are connected to each
other. It connects through network cables, telephone waves, microphone dishes etc.
Internet facilitates sending and receiving data across network of computers.
Advantages of Internet:-
1. Information, knowledge, and learning.
2. Connectivity, communication, and sharing.
3. Address, mapping, and contact information.
4. Banking, bills, and shopping.
5. Selling and making money.
6. Collaboration, work from home, and access to a global workforce.
7. Donations and funding.
8. Entertainment.
9. Cloud computing and cloud storage.
Disadvantages of Internet:
1. Bullying, trolls, stalkers, and crime.
2. Addiction, time waster, and causes distractions
3. Never being able to disconnect from work
4. Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating
5. Spam and advertising
6. Affects focus and patience
7. Depression, loneliness, and social isolation
8. Health issues and obesity
9. Buying things that you don't need.
Network:-
The facility to connect two or more computers together to exchange information is called
network.
Website:-
A website is a collection of information or webpages. A web page is as its own unique
address (Uniform Resource Locator (URL). By using this URL we can search for
information from the website.
Ex:- www.google.co.in
www.irctc.co.in
www.gmail.com
www.yahoo.com
Webpages:-
A large collection of documents in World Wide Web is called webpages. It is created by
typing recommends (tags) in all HTML document.
Web Address:-
The internet as millions of computers attached to it and it is necessary to identify each &
every computer connected to the network. The system of addressing network attached
computers is called Internet Protocol (IP).
Ex. http://www.yahoo.com
1 2 3
http:// (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) :-
The web server use http protocol for base of address.
WWW:- Stands for World Wide Web
Yahoo:- This site is for yahoo Company.
.Com:- .com stands for Company or Organisation.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol)/ (Internet Protocol):-
It is a common language used to exchange information on the internet.
Browser:-
A web browser is a program which is used to display web pages.
Ex: Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera etc.
Home Page:-
A home page is the first page of website.

Hyperlink:-
Hyperlink is the text that is links to another web page.
Modem:-
A modem is an electric device that converts electronic data (Digital Signals) in to audio
signals (Analog Signals).
Types of Network:-
1. LAN (Local Area Network):- A local area network is a computer network that
interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school,
laboratory, university campus or office building.
2. WAN (Wide Area Network):- A wide area network is a telecommunications
network that extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of
computer networking. Wide area networks are often established with leased
telecommunication circuits.
Search Engine:-
Search Engine or website which allows the user to search information in the internet using
keyboard. The search engine displays a list of available addresses of website which match
the criteria.
Chatting (Chat Rooms):-
It is a facility of online communication with the other known or unknown user who is
connected to internet.
E-Learning:-
Various universities have their own websites, which provide information about itself as
well as information regarding various research papers published by the students &
professors. They also provide available course details and offering of fees for available
courses. E-learning modules which facilitate self-learning of the user from the home,
without visiting college or university through internet by using internet provided audio
classes, video classes, E-books and news letters etc.
E-Commerce:-
a. Employment
b. Banking
c. Ticket Reservation
d. Job Application
e. Video Conference
f. Data uploading & downloading
g. Social networking websites
B2B (Business to Business):-
It uses selling & buying through one business to another business.
B2B (Business to Commerce):-
It refers selling & buying through business to customer.
Virus:-
It is unwanted messages in the form of email attached to our computer when you
connected to internet. These are unknown acts which may look very attractive but it spoils
or damages the computer or operating system.
Hacking:-

Hacking means entering soma places on the networks without our permission to grab the
other person’s confidential information.
AVI-(Audio Video Interleaved):- A Microsoft Corporation multimedia video format.
It uses waveform audio and digital video frames (bitmaps) to compress animation.
Bandwidth:-The capacity of an electronic line, such as a communications network or
computer channel, to transmit bits per second (bps).
Bitmap:- A representation, consisting of rows and columns of dots, of a graphics image in
computer memory. The value of each dot (whether it is filled in or not) is stored in one or
more bits of data. For simple monochrome images, one bit is sufficient to represent each
dot, but for colors and shades of gray, each dot requires more than one bit of data. See more
graphics formats.
CGI (Common Gateway Interface) :-A specification for transferring information between a
Web server and a CGI program, designed to receive and return data. The script can use a
variety of languages such as C, Perl, Java, or Visual Basic. Many html pages that contain
forms use a cgi program to process the data submitted by users/clients.
Bit stands for binary digit: 0 or 1
A byte is made up of 8 bits
It takes 1 byte to store one ASCII character ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange
The combination of bits (which makes up one byte) below represents the letters below
A 0100 0001
B 0100 0010
C 0100 0011
Websites:-
1. Aadhar Card:- www.uidai.gov.in
2. Bus Reservation:-
a) www.apsrtconlin.in
b) www.redbus.in
c) www.abhibus.in
d) www.goibibo.in
3. Train Reservation:-
a) www.irctc.co.in
b) www.makemytrip.com
4. APPSC:- www.psc.ap.gov.in
5. Voter Card:-
a) www.nvsp.gov.in
b) www.ceoandhra.nic.in
c) www.ceotelangana.nic.in
6. Insurance:- www.licindia.in,www.bharathiaxa.com
7. RTO:- www.aptrasnport.org
8. Scholarship:-
a) www.gnanabhoomi.in
b) www.cgg.gov.in
c) www.apepass.cgg.gov.in
9. Passport:- www.passport.gov.in
10. SV university:-
a) www.svuniversity.in

b) www.svuexams.org
11. Free Greetings:- www.123greetings.com
12. Motivation or Inspiration:- www.positivelypositive.com
13. E-books:- www.freecomputerbooks.com,www.freetechbooks.com
14. Online General Knowledge:- www.onlinegk.com, www.indiabits.com
15. Results:-
a) www.manabadi.com
b) www.schools9.com
c) www.results.nic.com
d) www.cggresults.com
16. Songs Download:-
a) www.teluguwap.net
b) www.gaana.com
c) www.hungama.com
d) www.ragha.com
e) www.naasongs.com
f) www.a2zmp3.com
17. Software Downloads:- www.filehippo.com, www.brothers.soft.com
18. Android Apps:-

a) www.googleplaystore.com
b) www.mobiles24.com
c) www.mobiles9.com
19. Online Shopping:-
a) www.flipcart.com
b) www.amazon.in
c) www.paytmmall.com
d) www.myntra.com
e) www.jabong.com
f) www.snapdeal.com
g) www.naptol.com
h) www.bigbasket.com
i) www.firstcry.com
20. Just Dial:- It is used to find address & organizations which are listed in just dial.
Website: www.justdial.com
Phone Number: 88888 88888
21. Job Notifications:-
a) www.yeswecan.co.in
b) www.nowgir.in
c) www.timesjob.co.in
22. Information:-
a) www.enclopedia.in
b) www.wikipedia.in
23. Health:- www.apollolife.com, www.kims.com
24. Online Recharge:-
a) www.paytm.com
b) www.phonepay.com
c) www.freecharge.com

d) www.googlepay.com
NOTE PAD SHORT CUT KEYS

Notepad
Executable Name Notepad
Extension Name .txt
Effect Shortcut Key
Cursor Up one line Up Arrow ↑
Cursor Down one line Down Arrow ↓
Scroll Up One page Page Up
Scroll Down One page Page Down
Scroll Left one screen Ctrl+Page up
Scroll Right one screen Ctrl+Page down
Scroll to the start of the document Ctrl+Home
Scroll to the bottom of the document Ctrl+End
Move left one word Ctrl+Left Arrow
Move right one word Ctrl+Right Arrow
Starts a new line or moves text after cursor down Enter Button
Delete one character before the cursor Back Space Button
Edit Menu (Alt+E)
Undo Ctrl+Z
Redo Ctrl+Y
Cut Ctrl+X
Copy Ctrl+C
Paste Ctrl+V
Clear Delete Button
Find Ctrl+F
Find Next F3
Replace Ctrl+H
Goto Ctrl+G
Select All Ctrl+A
Time/Date F5
Format Menu (Alt+F)

Word Wrap Alt+O+W
Font Alt+O+F
View Menu (Alt+V)
Status bar Alt+V+S
Help Menu (Alt+H)
Help F1
Help Topic Alt+H+H
About Notepad Alt+H+A
ABBREVIATIONS
COMPUTER
C – Commonly
O – Operated
M – Mission
P – Particular
U – Used to
T– Trade / Training
E –Educational
R – Research
1. ALU – Arithmetic Logical Unit

2. ANSI – America National Standard Institute
3. AI—Artificial Intelligence
4. ATM—Automated Teller Machine
5. ADP—Apple Desktop bus
6. BPS—Bytes Per Second
7. BIOS – Basic Input Out System
8. BIPS - Billions of Instructions Per Second
9. CAD—Computer Aided Design
10. CNR—Communications Network Riser
11. CPU—Central Processing Unit
12. CU—Control Unit
13. CCD—Charger Coupled Device
14. CGA—Color Graphics Adapter
15. CD – Compact Disk
16. CD-R – Compact Disk Recordable
17. CD-ROM – Compact Disk Read Only Memory
18. DVD - Digital Video Disk
19. DAT—Digital Audio Tape
20. DDS—Digital Data Storage
21. DPI—Dots Per Inch
22. DAC—Digital to Analog Converter
23. DSP—Digital Signal Processor
24. EGA—Enhanced Graphics Adapter
25. FAT – File allocation table
26. FTP – File transfer protocol
27. FD—Frequency Modulation
28. GUI—Graphical user Interface
29. GB - Giga Byte
30. HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
31. HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
32. IC—Integrated Circuit
33. IPOS—Input Processing Output Storage
34. ISP – Internet Service Provider
35. KB – Kilo Bytes
36. KBPS – Kilo Bytes Per Seconds
37. LAN—Local Area Network

38. LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
39. MBPS—Million Bytes Per Second
40. MB –Mega Bytes
41. MO—Magneto Optical
42. MCA—Micro Channel Architecture
43. MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
44. MIDI—Musical Instrument Digital Interface
45. MDA—Monochrome Display Adopter
46. MICR—Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
47. OOP—Object Oriented Programme
48. OCR—Optical Character Recognition
49. OMR—Optical marks Recognition
50. OS – Operating System
51. PC – Personal Computer
52. PCI—Peripheral Component Interconnect
53. PDL—Page Description Languages
54. PMT—Photo Multiplier Tube
55. PIN—Personal Identification Number
56. QIC—Quarter ink Cartridge
57. RISC—Reduce Intersection Set Computer
58. RAM—Random Access Memory
59. ROM—Read Only Memory
60. SAM—Serial Access Memory
61. SMPS – Switch Mode Power Supply
62. TB –Tera Bytes
63. TIFF – Tagged Image File Format
64. USB—Universal Serial Bus
65. VLSI—Very large Scale Integration
66. V.D.U – Visual Display Unit.
67. WAN—Wide Area Network
68. WWW – World wide web
69. WAP – Wide Access Point
ASPIRE- INSPIRE-SUCCEED
PRACTICE MAKES MAN PERFECT

THANK YOU
UDAY & ASSOCIATES
Chartered Accountants
H.No.6-3-664, Flat No.101, B-Block,
Presige Rai Towers, Opp NIMS,
Punjagutta, Hyderabad-500082, Telangana.
 040-40151553, +91-9966318812
Email: udayandassociatesclients@gmail.com

DCA Material by UDAY

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DCA Material by UDAY

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DCA Material by UDAY

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DCA

(DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER APPLICATIONS)

MS- MS-EXCEL MS-POWER MS-ACCESS

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 2

Speed/Sec 40-300 3000-30000 30000-3laks 3Lakhs-30 -----------

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 3

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER:-

Input unit Output Unit

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 4

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 5

System Application Utility

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 6

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 8

How to change the desktop background:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 9

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 10

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 12

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 13

Links Group options:-

Text Group Options:-

Page Layout Tab

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 14

Page Setup Group Options:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 15

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 16

Tracking Group Options:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 17

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 18

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 20

MS- EXCEL FORMULAS

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 21

I). Financial Functions:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 22

Formula:- =IRR(A1:A6) Ans : 9%

Formula:- =PMT(A1/12,A2,A3) Ans: -1037.03

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 23

Formula:- =SLN(A1,A2,A3) Ans: 2250

II). Mathematical Functions:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 24

11)Sub Total:- It returns a subtotal in a list or database.

12)Sumif:- It adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria.

Formula:- =Sumif(A1:A4,”>160000”) Ans: 9,00,000

III). Statistical Functions:-

IV) Date &Time Functions:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 26

VI) Logical Functions:

c. NOT: Returns to, if given arguments is False otherwise returns False

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 27

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 28

Working with Data

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 31

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 32

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 33

VOOKUP (Vertical Lookup):-

HLOOKUP (Horizontal Lookup):-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 35

Steps to perform Data Table:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 36

How to Start the Ms-Power Point:-

Author: UDAY KUMAR JEEKA Page 38