‫‪Bismillah Pak Forces‬‬

‫)‪Coaching & Educational Academy (Chiniot‬‬

‫‪bismillahacademy223@gmail.com‬‬ ‫‪+92 300 798 00 55‬‬

‫‪MATHEMATICS‬‬
‫‪MCQ,s(solved) Imp Short & long Question‬‬ ‫‪2nd Year‬‬

‫‪MESSEAGE‬‬

‫زدنیگںیمرتبیتدیپارکںی‪،‬اھکےناوروسےناکوتقےطرکںی‪،‬ریغرضوریوخااشہتاوردابؤےسدور‬
‫رںیہ‪،‬ورزشرکںیاوراکیاخصابتٓاپوکاتباتوہںہکزدنیگںیمدانیورو رکںی۔آپےسیپدںی‪،‬‬
‫یسکوکوتقدںی‪،‬یسکوکوشمرہدےدںی‪،‬یسکوکراہتسدےدںی‪،‬یسکوکد مدےدںی۔دد ںیھدےی‬
‫وصختیصاہللیےہ‪،‬بجٓاپدانیورو رکدےتیںیہوتٓاپیتبسنرامنےسڑجاجیتےہ‪،‬رھپٓاپ‬
‫یھبکرپاشیناورڈرپنشیاکاکشرںیہنوہےت۔انتجزایدہٓاپدےواےلںینبےگاانتزایدہٓاپیزدنیگ‬
‫ںیموخایشںٓاانورو وہاجںیئیگٓاپےطرکںیلہکرہہنیہمیسکوکھچکک ھچکدںیےگ۔(وقنمل)‬

‫ےسجدوھکیاےساےنپےسرتہبایخلرکوارگہچمتاعا تازاروہاوروہہانہرار‬
‫نکممےہاہمتریہیٓارخیاعا توہاورااکسٓارخیہانہ۔۔۔‬
‫‪Β+ #04 Ψ‬‬

‫تبثموسںیچوخشرںیہ‪،‬وسچدبںیلاعمورہدبںیل‬

‫‪Mail ID: bismillahacademy223@gmail.com‬‬ ‫‪fb://bismillahacademy223‬‬ ‫‪+92 300 798 00 55‬‬

) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬

EXERCISE 1.1
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
1. The notation 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙) was invented by
(a) Lebnitz (b) ✔ Euler (c) Newton (d) Lagrange
2. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 , then 𝒇(𝟎) =
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) ✔ 1 (d) 2
3. When we say that 𝒇 is function from set 𝑿 to set 𝒀, then 𝑿 is called
(a) ✔Domain of 𝑓 (b) Range of 𝑓 (c) Codomain of 𝑓 (d) None of these
4. The term “Function” was recognized by______ to describe the dependence of one quantity
to another.
(a) ✔Lebnitz (b) Euler (c) Newton (d) Lagrange
𝟐
5. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 then the range of 𝒇 is
(a) ✔ [0,∞) (b) (-∞, 0] (c) (0, ∞) (d) None of these
𝒙
6. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 then domain of 𝒇 is
𝒙 −𝟒
(a) 𝑅 (b) 𝑅 − {0} (c) ✔ 𝑅 − {±2} (d) 𝑄
7. 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟐 𝒙 − 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒉𝟐 𝒙 =
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) ✔1 (d) None of these
8. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒙 is equal to
2 1 2 2
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 (b) 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 (c) ✔ 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 (d) 𝑒 −𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥
9. The domain and range of identity function , 𝑰: 𝑿 → 𝑿 is
(a) ✔𝑋 (b) +iv real numbers (c) –iv real numbers (d) integers
10. The linear function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 is identity function if
(a) 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 = 1 (b) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 0 (c) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 1 (d) 𝑎 = 0
11. The linear function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 is constant function if
𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 = 1 (b) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 0 (c) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 1 (d) ✔ 𝑎 = 0

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Define Even and Odd function
ii. Find 𝒇(−𝟐) if 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙 + 𝟒
iii. Express the perimeter 𝑷 of square as a function of its area 𝑨.
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
iv. Show that 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 represent the equation of ellipse + =𝟏
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝟐
v. Determine 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟔 is even or odd.
𝟑

vi. Express the volume 𝑽 of a cube as a function of the area 𝑨 of its base.
𝒇(𝒂+𝒉)−𝒇(𝒂)
vii. Find and simplify 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒉
LONG QUESTIONS
Given 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝟏 If 𝒇(𝟐) = −𝟑 and 𝒇(−𝟏) = 𝟎. Find 𝒂 and 𝒃.

EXERCISE 1.2
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 , then (𝒈𝒐𝒇)(𝒙) =

(a) 2𝑥 2 − 1 (b) ✔ 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 (c) 4𝑥 + 3 (d) 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2
𝟐
2. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 − 𝟏 , then (𝒇𝒐𝒇)(𝒙) =
(b) 2𝑥 2 − 1 (b) 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 (c) ✔ 4𝑥 + 3 (d) 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬

3. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 , then (𝒈𝒐𝒈)(𝒙) =

(c) 2𝑥 2 − 1 (b) 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 (c) 4𝑥 + 3 (d) ✔ 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2
4. The inverse of a function exists only if it is
(a) an into function (b) an onto function (c) ✔ (1-1) and into function (d) None of these
−𝟏
5. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐 + √𝒙 − 𝟏, then domain of 𝒇 =
(a) ]2,∞[ (b) ✔ [2,∞[ (c) [1,∞[ (d) ]1,∞[

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Define inverse of a function.
𝟏
ii. Find 𝒇𝒐𝒇(𝒙) and 𝒈𝒐𝒈(𝒙) if 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒙 + 𝟏 and 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
iii. Without finding the inverse , state the domain and range of 𝒇(𝒙) = (𝒙 − 𝟓)𝟐 , 𝒙 ≥
𝟓
iv. Let 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 be the function defined by 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏. Find 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙)

LONG QUESTIONS

For the real valued function , 𝒇 defined below , find 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) and verify
𝒇 (𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙)) = (𝒇−𝟏 (𝒇(𝒙)) = 𝒙 if 𝒇(𝒙) = −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖

EXERCISE 1.3

Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒆𝒙 =
𝒙→∞
(a) 1 (b) ∞ (c) ✔ 0 (d) -1
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙−𝟑)
2. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙−𝟑 =
𝒙→𝟎
𝑠𝑖𝑛3
(a) ✔1 (b) ∞ (c) 3
(d) -3
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙−𝒂)
3. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙−𝒂
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
(a) ✔1 (b) ∞ (c) 𝑎
(d) -3
𝟑
4. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝒙 is :
(a) Even (b) ✔ Odd (c) Neither even nor odd (d) None
𝟏
5. 𝐥𝐢𝐦(𝟏 + 𝒙) = 𝒙
𝒙→𝟎
(a) ✔𝑒 (b) 𝑒 −1 (c) 0 (d) 1
6. If 𝒇: 𝑿 → 𝒀 is a function , then elements of 𝒙 are called
(a) Images (b) ✔ Pre-Images (c) Constants (d) Ranges
𝒙
7. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( ) =
𝒙→𝟎 𝟏+𝒙
(a) 𝑒 (b) ✔ 𝑒 −1 (c) 𝑒 2 (d) √𝑒
𝒂𝒙 −𝟏
8. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 is equal to
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥 (b)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑥 (c) 𝑎 (d) ✔ 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒙°
9. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒙 =
𝒙→𝟎
𝜋 180°
(a) ✔ (b) (c) 180 𝜋 (d) 1
180° 𝜋

SHORT QUESTIONS
𝒂𝒙 −𝟏
i. Show that 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 𝒂
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟕𝒙
ii. Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙
𝒏
𝟏 𝟐
iii. Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 (𝟏 + )
𝒏→+∞ 𝒏
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
iv. Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝜽
𝜽→𝟎
𝟏
𝒆𝒙 −𝟏
v. Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝟏 ,𝒙 > 0
𝒙→𝟎 𝒆𝒙 +𝟏
𝒙𝒏 −𝒂𝒏
vi. Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒎 𝒎
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 −𝒂

𝒙 𝒙
vii. Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦 ( )
𝒙→∞ 𝟏+𝒙

LONG QUESTIONS
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝜽
Prove that 𝒊𝒇 𝜽 𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟏
𝜽→𝟎 𝜽

𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Evaluate 𝐥𝐢𝐦
𝜽→𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝜽

EXERCISE 1.4
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
1. A function is said to be continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒄 if
(a) lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists (b) 𝑓(𝑐)is defined (c) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑐) (d) ✔ All of these
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
2. The function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙−𝟏
is discontinuous at
(a) ✔1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3. L.H.L of 𝒇(𝒙) = |𝒙 − 𝟓| 𝒂𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟓 is
(a) 5 (b) ✔0 (c) 2 (d) 4

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Define the continuous function.
ii. Find L.H.L and R.H.L when 𝒙 → 𝒄 if 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟓 , 𝒄 = 𝟏
𝒙𝟐 −𝟗
iii. Discuss the continuity of the function at 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙−𝟑 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≠ 𝟑
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐
iv. Discuss the continuity of 𝒇(𝒙) at 𝒙 = 𝒄: 𝒇(𝒙) = { ,𝒄 = 𝟐
𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 > 2
𝒙 − 𝟏, 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 ≤ 𝟑
v. Discuss the continuity of 𝒇(𝒙) at 𝟑, when 𝒇(𝒙) = {
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒊𝒇 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙

LONG QUESTIONS
Find the values of 𝒎 and 𝒏 , so that given function 𝒇 is continuous at 𝒙 = 𝟑

𝒎𝒙 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 < 3
𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝒏 𝒊𝒇 𝒙=𝟑
−𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 > 3

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬

√𝟐𝒙+𝟓−√𝒙+𝟕
, 𝒙≠𝟐
If 𝒇(𝒙) = { 𝒌
𝒙−𝟐
, 𝒙=𝟐
Find the value of 𝒌 so that 𝒇 is continuous

at 𝒙 = 𝟐
EXERCISE 2.1
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
1. The change in variable 𝒙 is called increment of 𝒙.It is denoted by 𝜹𝒙 which is
(a) +iv only (b) –iv only (c) ✔ +iv or –iv (d) none of these
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒇
2. The notation 𝒅𝒙 or 𝒅𝒙 is used by
(a) ✔Leibnitz (b) Newton (c)Lagrange (d) Cauchy
̇
3. The notation 𝒇(𝒙) is used by
(a) Leibnitz (b) ✔ Newton (c) Lagrange (d) Cauchy
4. The notation 𝒇′ (𝒙) or 𝒚′ is used by
(a) Leibnitz (b) Newton (c) ✔ Lagrange (d) Cauchy
5. The notation 𝑫𝒇(𝒙) or 𝑫𝒚 is used by
(a) Leibnitz (b) Newton (c) Lagrange (d) ✔ Cauchy
𝒇(𝒙)−𝒇(𝒂)
6. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =
𝒙→𝒂 𝒙−𝒂
′
(a) ✔𝑓 (𝑥) (b) 𝑓 ′ (𝑎) (c) 𝑓(0 (d) 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑎)
𝒅
7. (𝒙𝒏 ) = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏 is called
𝒅𝒙
(a) ✔ Power rule (b) Product rule (c) Quotient rule (d) Constant
8. The derivative of a constant function is
(a) one (b) ✔ zero (c) undefined (d) None of these
9. The process of finding derivatives is called
(a) ✔Differentiation (b) differential (c) Increment (d) Integration
10. The increment of 𝒚 is denoted by
(a) ✔𝛿𝑦 (b) 𝑑𝑦 (c) 𝑓 ′ (𝑦) (d) None of these

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Find the derivative of the given function by definition 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐
𝟏
ii. Find the derivative of the given function by definition 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙
√
LONG QUESTIONS
Find by definition , the derivative 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ‘𝒙′ 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝒏 where 𝒏 ∈ 𝒁

EXERCISE 2.2
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
𝟏
The derivative of (𝒂𝒙+𝒃)𝒏
is

−𝑛𝑎 −𝑛𝑎
(a) – 𝑛(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛−1 (b) 𝑛𝑎(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)−𝑛+1 (c) ✔ (𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛+1 (d) (𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛−1

LONG QUESTIONS
Find from first Principles , the derivative 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ‘𝒙′ (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝟑

𝟏
Find from first principles the derivative of (𝒂𝒛−𝒃)𝟕

EXERCISE 2.3
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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬

Tick (✔) the correct answer.

𝒅
1. [𝒇(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙)] =
𝒅𝒙
′ (𝑥) ′ (𝑥)
(a) ✔𝑓 +𝑔 (b) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 𝑔′ (𝑥) (c) 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (d) 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝒅
2. [𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙)]′= Remember that [𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙)]′=𝒅𝒙 [𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙)]
(a) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑔′ (𝑥) (b) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) − 𝑔′ (𝑥) (c) ✔ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (d) 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔′ (𝑥) −
𝑔(𝑥)𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝒅 𝟏
3. 𝒅𝒙 (𝒈(𝒙)) =
1 1 𝑔′ (𝑥) −𝑔′ (𝑥)
(a) [𝑔(𝑥)]2
(b) (c) [𝑔(𝑥)]2 (d) ✔
𝑔′ (𝑥) [𝑔(𝑥)]2
𝟏
4. If 𝒇(𝒙) = , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒇′′ (𝒂) =
𝒙
2 1 1 2
(a) − (𝑎)3 (b) − (c) (d) ✔
𝑎2 𝑎2 𝑎3
5. (𝒇𝒐𝒈)′ (𝒙) =
(a) 𝑓′𝑔′ (b) 𝑓 ′ 𝑔(𝑥) (c) ✔ 𝑓 ′ (𝑔(𝑥))𝑔′ (𝑥) (d) cannot be
calculated
𝒅 𝒏
6. (𝒈(𝒙)) =
𝒅𝒙
(a) 𝑛[𝑔(𝑥)]𝑛−1 (b) 𝑛[(𝑔(𝑥)]𝑛−1 𝑔(𝑥) (c) ✔ 𝑛[(𝑔(𝑥)]𝑛−1 𝑔′ (𝑥) (d)
[𝑔(𝑥)]𝑛−1 𝑔′ (𝑥)
𝟒
𝒅
11. 𝒅𝒙
(𝟑𝒙𝟑) =
2 1 1 1
(a) 4𝑥 3 (b) ✔4𝑥3 (c) 2𝑥 3 (d) 3𝑥 3
𝟏 𝒅𝒚
12. If √𝒙 − then 𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 + 𝒚 =
√𝒙
(a) 2𝑥 (b) 2𝑥 3 (c) ✔ 2√𝑥 (d) 2𝑥 2
SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Find the derivative of 𝒚 = (𝟐√𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 − √𝒙) 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ′𝒙′
𝟐𝒙𝟑 −𝟑𝒙𝟐 +𝟓
ii. Differentiate 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ′𝒙′
𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
𝒅𝒚
iii. If 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐, Prove that 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙√𝒚 − 𝟏
𝟏 𝟐
iv. Differentiate(√𝒙 − 𝒙) 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ′𝒙′.
√
v. Differentiate (𝒙 − 𝟓)(𝟑 − 𝒙)
LONG QUESTIONS
𝒂−𝒙
Differentiate √ 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ′𝒙′ .
𝒂+𝒙

𝟑
𝒅𝒚 (𝟏+√𝒙)(𝒙−𝒙𝟐 )
Find if 𝒚 =
𝒅𝒙 √𝒙
EXERCISE 2.4

Tick (✔) the correct answer.

𝟗
1. The derivative of (𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏) 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ′𝒙′ is
(a) ✔27𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 + 1)8 (b) 27𝑥(𝑥 3 + 1)8 (c) 27(𝑥 3 + 1)8 (d) (𝑥 + 1)8

𝒅𝒚
2. If 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒕𝟐 and 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒂𝒕 then =
𝒅𝒙
2 𝑦 2𝑎 2
(a) 𝑦𝑎
(b) 2𝑎 (c) ✔ 𝑦
(d) 𝑦

SHORT QUESTIONS

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝒅𝒚 𝟏
i. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒙 = 𝜽 + 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝜽 + 𝟏
𝒅𝒚
ii. Find 𝒅𝒙 by making some suitable substitution if 𝒚 = √𝒙 + √𝒙
𝟏 𝟏
iii. Differentiate 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 𝒙 − 𝒙
𝒅𝒚
iv. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒚
v. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒
𝒅𝒚 𝒑
vi. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒏 where 𝒏 = 𝒒 , 𝒒 ≠ 𝟎
𝒅𝒚
vii. If 𝒚 = (𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏 where 𝒏 is negative integer , find 𝒅𝒙 using quotient theorem.
𝒅𝒚
viii. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐
ix. Differentiate (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 𝒙𝟐
𝒅𝒚
x. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟕 = 𝟎
LONG QUESTIONS
𝒅𝒚 𝟏−𝒕𝟐 𝟐𝒕
Prove that 𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒊𝒇 𝒙 = ,𝒚 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟏+𝒕𝟐 𝟏+𝒕𝟐

𝒂𝒙+𝒃 𝒂𝒙𝟐 +𝒃
Differentiate 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕
𝒄𝒙+𝒅 𝒂𝒙𝟐 +𝒅

EXERCISE 2.5
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

𝒅
1. 𝒅𝒙
(𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕−𝟏 𝒙) =
2 2 −2
(a) (b) ✔ 1+𝑥 2 (c) 0 (d) 1+𝑥 2
√1+𝑥 2
𝒅𝒚
2. If 𝑺𝒊𝒏 √𝒙, then is equal to
𝒅𝒙
𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
(a) ✔ 2√𝑥
(b) (c) 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑥 (d)
√𝑥 √𝑥
𝒅 −𝟏
3. 𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙=
1 −1 1 −1
(a) ✔ (b) (c) (d)
|𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1 |𝑥|√1+𝑥 2 |𝑥|√1+𝑥 2
𝒅 −𝟏
4. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙=
𝒅𝒙
1 −1 1 −1
(a) (b) ✔ (c) (d)
|𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1 |𝑥|√1+𝑥 2 |𝑥|√1+𝑥 2
5. Differentiating 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 is 𝟐
3 3 2 2
(a) ✔− 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (b) 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (c) 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (d) − 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝒚 𝒙 𝒅𝒚
6. If = 𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 then =
𝒙 𝒚 𝒅𝒙
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
(a) 𝑦
(b) – 𝑦 (c) ✔ 𝑥 (d) – 𝑥
𝒅𝒚
7. If 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚(𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙) = 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙, show that =
𝒅𝒙
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ✔ -1 (d) 2
𝒅 𝟏
8.
𝒅𝒙
(𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙) = is valid for
√𝟏−𝒙𝟐
(a) 0 < 𝑥 < 1 (b) −1 < 𝑥 < 0 (c) ✔ − 1 < 𝑥 < 1 (d) None of these
−𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝒚
9. If 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( )+ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 then =
𝒂 𝒅𝒙
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
(a) 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 (b) 𝑆𝑒𝑐 −1 (c) ✔𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 (d) 𝑇𝑎𝑛−1
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
SHORT QUESTIONS
𝒅𝒚
i. Find 𝒅𝒙
𝒊𝒇 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚
ii. Differentiate 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝒅𝒚
iii. If 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚(𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙) = 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙, 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 = −𝟏
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
iv. If 𝒚 = √𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + √𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + √𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 + ⋯ ∞, prove that (𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏) = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
𝒅𝒙
v. Differentiate 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 the variable involved 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 𝜽𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝜽
vi. Differentiate 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒙 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
vii. If 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝒑𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙), 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 ) 𝒚𝟏 − 𝒑(𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝟎
LONG QUESTIONS
𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒚 −𝟏 𝒙
Show that = 𝒊𝒇 = 𝑻𝒂𝒏
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒚
𝟏−𝒙𝟐
Differentiate 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 ( 𝟐 )
𝟏+𝒙
Differentiate √𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 from first principles.
𝒅𝒚
If 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝜽, show that 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙

EXERCISE 2.6
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
𝒅𝒚
1. If 𝒚 = 𝒆−𝒂𝒙 , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒚 =
𝒅𝒙
(a) ✔– 𝑎𝑒 −2𝑎𝑥 (b) – 𝑎2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (c) 𝑎2 𝑒 −2𝑎𝑥 (d) – 𝑎2 𝑒 −2𝑎𝑥
𝒅
2.
𝒅𝒙
(𝟏𝟎𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 ) =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
(a) 10 (b) ✔ 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. 𝑙𝑛10 (c) 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 . 𝑙𝑛10 (d) 10𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 . 𝑙𝑛10
𝒅𝒚
3. If 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒂𝒙 then =
𝒅𝒙
1 1
(a) (b) ✔ 𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (c) 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 (d) 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑎
𝒅
4. (𝒂𝒙 ) =
𝒅𝒙
𝑥
(a) 𝑎 (b) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑎 (c) ✔ 𝑎 𝑥 . 𝑙𝑛𝑎 (d) 𝑥 𝑎 . 𝑙𝑛𝑎
𝒙
5. The function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂 , 𝒂 > 0 , 𝑎 ≠ 0, and 𝒙 is any real number is called
(a) ✔Exponential function (b) logarithmic function (c) algebraic function (d) composite
function
6. If 𝒂 > 0 ,𝒂 ≠ 𝟏, and 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒚 then the function defined by 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒙 (𝒙 > 0) is called a
logarithmic function with base
(a) 10 (b) 𝑒 (c) ✔ 𝑎 (d) 𝑥
7. 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒂 =
(a) ✔1 (b) 𝑒 (c) 𝑎2 (d) not defined
𝒅
8. 𝒅𝒙
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒙 =
1 1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑎
(a) log 𝑎 (b) ✔ (c) (d)
𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑎 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝒅
9. 𝒅𝒙
𝒍𝒏[𝒇(𝒙)] =
′ 𝑓′ (𝑥)
(a) 𝑓 (𝑥) (b) 𝑙𝑛𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (c) ✔ (d) 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥)
𝟐 +𝒃𝒙+𝒄) 𝒅𝒚
10. If 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟏𝟎(𝒂𝒙 then 𝒅𝒙 =
1 2𝑎𝑥+𝑏 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 2𝑎𝑥+𝑏
(a) ✔(𝑎𝑥 2 (b) (c) 10𝑎𝑥 𝑙𝑛10 (d)
+𝑏𝑥+𝑐) ln 10 (𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐) (𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐)𝑙𝑛𝑎
11. 𝒍𝒏 𝒂𝒆 =
1 1
(a) 𝑙𝑛𝑎 (b) ✔ (c) (d) ln 𝑒 𝑒
𝑙𝑛𝑎 ln 𝑎 𝑒

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Find 𝒇 (𝒙) if 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒏(𝒆 + 𝒆−𝒙 )
′ 𝒙

ii. Find 𝒇′ (𝒙) if 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝒍𝒏𝒙)

iii. Differentiate (𝒍𝒏𝒙)𝒙 𝒘. 𝒓. 𝒕 ′𝒙′

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝒅𝒚
iv. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = 𝒂√𝒙
𝒅𝒚
v. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = 𝟓𝒆𝟑𝒙−𝟒
𝒅𝒚
vi. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = (𝒙 + 𝟏)𝒙
𝒅𝒚
vii. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝒅𝒚
viii.Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = (𝒍𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉𝒙)
𝒅𝒚 𝒙
ix. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝟐)
𝒅𝒚 𝝅 𝝅
x. Find 𝒅𝒙 if 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉−𝟏 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙) ,−𝟐 < 𝑥 < 𝟐
LONG QUESTIONS
Find 𝒇′ (𝒙) if 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝒍𝒏(𝒆𝟐𝒙 + 𝒆−𝟐𝒙 )
𝒅𝒚
Find if 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏(𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏)
𝒅𝒙

𝒆𝒂𝒙 −𝒆−𝒂𝒙
Find 𝒇′ (𝒙) if 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝒆𝒂𝒙 +𝒆−𝒂𝒙

EXERCISE 2.7
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. If 𝒚 = 𝒆𝟐𝒙 , then 𝒚𝟒 =
(a) ✔16𝑒 2𝑥 (b) 8𝑒 2𝑥 (c) 4𝑒 2𝑥 (d) 2𝑒 2𝑥
2. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒆𝟐𝒙 , then 𝒇′′′ (𝒙) =
1 1
(a) 6𝑒 2𝑥 (b) 6 𝑒 2𝑥 (c) ✔ 8𝑒 2𝑥 (d) 8 𝑒 2𝑥
3. If 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 then 𝒇′′ (𝒙) =
(a) 3𝑥 2 + 2 (b) 3𝑥 2 (c) ✔ 6𝑥 (d) 2𝑥
4. If 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃), 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒚𝟐 =
(a) 𝑎2 sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) (b) – 𝑎2 sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) (c) ✔– 𝑎2 cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) (d) 𝑎2 cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)
5. Fifth order derivative of 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔 is
(a) 3𝑥 + 2 (b) 3𝑥 (c) ✔0 (d) 6
𝟕 𝟔 𝟓 𝟖 (𝒚)
6. If 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝒙 then 𝑫 =
(a) 7! (b) 7! 𝑥 (c) 7! + 6! (d) ✔ 0

SHORT QUESTIONS
𝟑
−𝟏 𝒙
i. If 𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝒂, then show that 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 )−𝟐
ii. Find 𝒚𝟐 if 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒆−𝒙
iii. Find 𝒚𝟐 if 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
iv. Find 𝒚𝟐 if 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑
v. Find the first four derivatives of 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)

LONG QUESTIONS
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
If 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒍𝒏𝒙) + 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒍𝒏𝒙), prove that 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙 =𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
If 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙, show that −𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙

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If 𝒚 = (𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙)𝟐 , prove that (𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚𝟏 − 𝟐 = 𝟎

EXERCISE 2.8
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. 𝟏 − 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟒 + ⋯ . +(−𝟏)𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + ⋯ is the expansion of

1 1 1 1
(a) 1−𝑥 (b) ✔1+𝑥 (c) 1−𝑥 (d)
√ √1+𝑥
𝒙𝟐 ′′ 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝒏 𝒏
2. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇(𝟎) + 𝒙𝒇′ (𝒙) + 𝒇 (𝒙) + 𝒇′′′ (𝒙) + ⋯….+ 𝒇 (𝒙) … is called_____ series.
𝟐! 𝟑! 𝒏!
(a) ✔Machlaurin’s (b) Taylor’s (c) Convergent (d) Divergent
𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟒
3. 𝟏 − 𝒙 + − + +………….. is an expression of
𝟐! 𝟑! 𝟒!
𝑥
(a) 𝑒 (b) 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 (c) ✔𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 (d) 𝑒 −𝑥
𝟐 𝒏
4. 𝒂𝟎 + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝒏 𝒙 + ⋯ is
(a) Maclaurin’s series (b) Taylor Series (c) ✔ Power Series (d) Bionomial Series

SHORT QUESTIONS
𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟖𝒙𝟑
i. Apply Maclaurin’s Series expansion to prove that 𝒆𝟐𝒙 = 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙 + + +⋯
𝟐! 𝟑!
𝒙𝟐
ii. Apply Maclaurin’s Series expansion to prove that 𝒆𝒙 = 𝟏 + 𝒙 + +⋯
𝟐!
iii. State Taylor’s series expansion.
iv. Expand 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 by Maclaurin’s series expansion.
LONG QUESTIONS
𝒉𝟐 𝒉𝟑
Show that 𝟐𝒙+𝒉 = 𝟐𝒙[𝟏 + (𝒍𝒏𝟐)𝒉 + (𝒍𝒏𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒍𝒏𝟐)𝟑 +⋯
𝟐! 𝟑!

𝒉𝟐 𝒉𝟑
Show that 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙 + 𝒉) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 − 𝒉𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + ⋯ and evaluate
𝟐! 𝟑!
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔𝟏°
EXERCISE 2.9
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. A function 𝒇(𝒙) is such that , at a point 𝒙 = 𝒄 , 𝒇′ (𝒙) > 0 at 𝒙 = 𝒄 , then 𝒇 is said to be

(a) ✔Increasing (b) decreasing (c) constant (d) 1-1 function
′ (𝒙)
2. A function 𝒇(𝒙) is such that , at a point 𝒙 = 𝒄 , 𝒇 < 0 at 𝒙 = 𝒄 , then 𝒇 is said to be
(a) Increasing (b) ✔ decreasing (c) constant (d) 1-1 function
′ (𝒙)
(b) A function 𝒇(𝒙) is such that , at a point 𝒙 = 𝒄 , 𝒇 = 𝟎 at 𝒙 = 𝒄 , then 𝒇 is said to be
(a) Increasing (b) decreasing (c) ✔ constant (d) 1-1 function
3. A stationary point is called ______ if it is either a maximum point or a minimum point
(a) Stationary point (b) ✔ turning point (c) critical point (d) point of inflexion
4. If 𝒇′ (𝒄) = 𝟎 or 𝒇′ (𝒄) is undefined , then the number 𝒄 is called critical value and the
corresponding point is called_______
(a) Stationary point (b) turning point (c) ✔ critical point (d) point of inflexion
′
5. If 𝒇 (𝒄) does not change before and after 𝒙 = 𝒄 , then this point is called_______
(a) Stationary point (b) turning point (c) critical point (d) ✔ point of inflexion
6. Let 𝒇 be a differentiable function such that 𝒇′ (𝒄) = 𝟎 then if 𝒇′ (𝒙) changes sign from +iv to
–iv i.e., before and after 𝒙 = 𝒄 , then it occurs relative ______ at 𝒙 = 𝒄
(a) ✔Maximum (b) minimum (c) point of inflexion (d) none
′ (𝒄) ′ (𝒙)
7. Let 𝒇 be a differentiable function such that 𝒇 = 𝟎 then if 𝒇 changes sign from -iv to
+iv i.e., before and after 𝒙 = 𝒄 , then it occurs relative ______ at 𝒙 = 𝒄

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(b) Maximum (b) ✔ minimum (c) point of inflexion (d) none

8. Let 𝒇 be a differentiable function such that 𝒇′ (𝒄) = 𝟎 then if 𝒇′ (𝒙) does not change sign i.e.,
before and after 𝒙 = 𝒄 , then it occurs ______ at 𝒙 = 𝒄
(c) Maximum (b) minimum (c) ✔point of inflexion (d) none
9. Let 𝒇 be differentiable function in neighborhood of 𝒄 and 𝒇′ (𝒄) = 𝟎 then 𝒇(𝒙) has relative
maxima at 𝒄 if
(a) 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) > 0 (b) ✔ 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) < 0 (c) 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) = 0 (d) 𝑓 ′′ (𝑐) ≠ 0
𝒙
10. 𝒚 = 𝒙 has the value
1
(a) Minimum at 𝑥 = 𝑒 (b) Maximum at 𝑥 = 𝑒 (c) ✔ Minimum at 𝑥 = (d) Maximum at 𝑥 =
𝑒
1
𝑒
SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Define Increasing and decreasing functions.
ii. Determine the interval in which 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐; 𝒙 ∈ [−𝟒, 𝟏]
𝝅 𝝅
iii. Determine the interval in which 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒙 ; 𝒙 ∈ (− 𝟐 , 𝟐 )
iv. Find the extreme values of the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
v. Find the extreme values of the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑
LONG QUESTIONS
𝒍𝒏𝒙
Show that 𝒚 = has maximum value at 𝒙 = 𝒆.
𝒙

𝟏
Show that 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 has minimum value at 𝒙 = .
𝒆

EXERCISE 2.10

LONG QUESTIONS
Divide 𝟐𝟎 into two parts so that the sum of their squares will be
minimum.
Find the dimensions of a rectangle of largest area having parimeter 120
centimeters.
Find the point on the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏 that is closest to the point (𝟏𝟖, 𝟏)

EXERCISE 3.1
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. If 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙), then differential of 𝒚 is

𝑑𝑦
(a) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (b) ✔ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (c) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (d)
𝑑𝑥

2. If ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝝋(𝒙) + 𝒄 ,then 𝒇(𝒙) is called

(a) Integral (b) differential (c) derivative (d) ✔ integrand
3. Inverse of ∫ … . 𝒅𝒙 is:
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑥
(a) ✔𝑑𝑥 (b) 𝑑𝑥 (c) 𝑑𝑦 (d) 𝑑𝑦
4. Differentials are used to find:
(a) ✔Approximate value (b) exact value (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
5. 𝒙𝒅𝒚 + 𝒚𝒅𝒙 =
𝑥
(a) 𝑑(𝑥 + 𝑦) (b) ✔𝑑 ( ) (c) 𝑑(𝑥 − 𝑦) (d) 𝑑(𝑥𝑦)
𝑦

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𝒅𝒙
6. If 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙 then =
𝒅𝒚
(a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 (b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (c) 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 (d) ✔ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
7. If ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝝋(𝒙) + 𝒄 ,then 𝒇(𝒙) is called
(b) Integral (b) differential (c) derivative (d) ✔ integrand
8. If 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙), then differential of 𝒚 is
𝑑𝑦
(b) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) (b) ✔ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (c) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (d)
𝑑𝑥
9. The inverse process of derivative is called:
(a) Anti-derivative (b) ✔ Integration (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

SHORT QUESTIONS
𝟐
i. Find 𝜹𝒚 and 𝒅𝒚 if 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 when 𝒙 changes from 𝟐 to 𝟏. 𝟖
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
ii. Use differentials find 𝒅𝒙 and 𝒅𝒚 in the following equations.
(a) 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒙 = 𝟒 (b) 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒍𝒏𝒙 = 𝒄
iii. Find the approximate increase in the volume of a cube if the length of its each
edge changes from 5 to 5.02
iv. Find the approximate increase in the area of a circular disc if its diameter is
increased form 44cm to 44.4cm.
v. Define integration.
LONG QUESTIONS
Use differentials, find the approximate value of 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟔°.
𝟒
Use differentials to approximate the values of √𝟏𝟕.

EXERCISE 3.2
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. If 𝒏 ≠ 𝟏, then ∫(𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃)𝒏 𝒅𝒙 =

𝑛(𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛−1 𝑛(𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛+1 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛−1 (𝑎𝑥+𝑏)𝑛+1
(a) 𝑎
+𝑐 (b) 𝑛
+𝑐 (c) 𝑛+1
+𝑐 (d) ✔ 𝑎(𝑛+1)
+𝑐
2. ∫ 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃) 𝒅𝒙=
−1 1
(a) ✔ cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐 (b) cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐 (c) 𝑎 cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑐 (d)−𝑎 cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) +
𝑎 𝑎
𝑐
3. ∫ 𝒆−𝝀𝒙 𝒅𝒙 =
𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 𝑒 −𝜆𝑥
(a) 𝜆𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) – 𝜆𝑒 −𝜆𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) 𝜆
+𝑐 (d) ✔ −𝜆
+𝑐
𝝀𝒙
4. ∫ 𝒂 𝒅𝒙 =
𝑎 𝜆𝑥 𝑎 𝜆𝑥 𝑎 𝜆𝑥
(a) (b) (c) ✔ (d) 𝑎 𝜆𝑥 𝜆. 𝑙𝑛𝑎
𝜆 𝑙𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑛𝑎
5. ∫[𝒇(𝒙)]𝒏 𝒇′ (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 =
𝑓𝑛 (𝑥) 𝑓𝑛+1 (𝑥)
(a) + 𝑐 (b) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐 (c) ✔ + 𝑐 (d) 𝑛𝑓 𝑛+1 (𝑥) + 𝑐
𝑛 𝑛+1
′
𝒇 (𝒙)
6. ∫ 𝒅𝒙 =
𝒇(𝒙)
(a) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐 (b) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑐 (c) ✔ln|𝑥| + 𝑐 (nd) ln|𝑓 ′ (𝑥)| + 𝑐
𝒅𝒙
7. ∫ can be evaluated if
√𝒙+𝒂+√𝒙
(a) ✔𝑥 > 0, 𝑎 > 0 (b) 𝑥 < 0, 𝑎 > 0 (c) 𝑥 < 0, 𝑎 < 0 (d) 𝑥 > 0, 𝑎 < 0
𝒙
8. ∫ 𝟐 𝒅𝒙 =
√𝒙 +𝟑
√𝑥 2 +3 1
(a) ✔√𝑥 2 + 3 + 𝑐 (b) −√𝑥 2 + 3 + 𝑐 (c) + 𝑐 (d) − √𝑥 2 + 3 + 𝑐
2 2
SHORT QUESTIONS
𝟐
i. Evaluate ∫(√𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝒅𝒙

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√𝒚(𝒚+𝟏)
ii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒚
𝟑−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙
iii. Evaluate ∫ 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
iv. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙√𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 𝒅𝒙
[𝒇(𝒙)]𝒏+𝟏
v. Prove that ∫[𝒇(𝒙)𝒏 𝒇′ (𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒏+𝟏
+ 𝒄 , 𝒏 ≠ −𝟏
(𝟏+𝒆𝒙 )𝟑
vi. Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒆𝒙
𝟏
vii. Evaluate ∫(𝒍𝒏𝒙) × 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑 𝒙
viii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
𝟏−𝒙𝟐
ix. Evaluate ∫ 𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙−𝟏
x. Evaluate ∫ 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
xi. Evaluate ∫ √𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟑
xii. Evaluate ∫(𝒂 − 𝟐𝒙)𝟐 𝒅𝒙

EXERCISE 3.3
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
𝒅𝒙
1. ∫ =
𝒙√𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
−1
(a) ✔𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝑥+𝑐 (b) 𝑇𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) 𝐶𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝒅𝒙
2. ∫ 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 =
(a) ✔ln 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) 𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) 𝑙𝑛𝑓 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑐 (d) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)𝑙𝑛𝑓(𝑥)
𝟏
3. In ∫(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) 𝒅𝒙 , the substitution is
𝟐

(a) 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 (b) ✔ 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 (c) 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (d) 𝑥 = 2𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

4. 𝟐
The suitable substitution for ∫ √𝟐𝒂𝒙 − 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 is:
(a) 𝑥 − 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (b) ✔ 𝑥 − 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (c) 𝑥 + 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (d) 𝑥 + 𝑎 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝒙+𝟐
5. ∫ 𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 =
(a) ln(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐 (b) ln(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) ✔ 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑐 (d) None
6. The suitable substitution for ∫ √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 is:
(b) ✔𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 (b) 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (c) 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (d)None of these

SHORT QUESTIONS
𝟏
i. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝟐
ii. Evaluate ∫ 𝟒+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝒆𝒙
iii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝒙 +𝟑 𝒅𝒙
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
iv. Evaluate ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙
√
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
v. Evaluate ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒍𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 𝒅𝒙
√𝟐
vi. Evaluate ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒍𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
vii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 ( 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒙
viii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙(𝒍𝒏𝟐𝒙)𝟑 , (𝒙 > 0)
𝟐
ix. Find ∫ 𝒂𝒙 . 𝒙𝒅𝒙 , (𝒂 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1)
𝟏
x. Evaluate ∫ (𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬

LONG QUESTIONS
𝒂𝟐 𝒙 𝒙
Show that ∫ √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝟐 + 𝟐 √𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄
𝟐

𝒅𝒙
Show that ∫ = 𝒍𝒏(𝒙 + √𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) + 𝒄
√𝒙𝟐 −𝒂𝟐

EXERCISE 3.4
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. ∫ 𝒖𝒅𝒗 equals:
(a) 𝑢𝑑𝑢 − ∫ 𝑣𝑢 (b) 𝑢𝑣 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 (c) ✔ 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 (d) 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
2. ∫ 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙 =
(a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) ✔𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) None
−𝟏
𝒆𝑻𝒂𝒏 𝒙
3. ∫ 𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 =
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑥 1 −1 𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1 𝑥
(a) 𝑒 +𝑐 (b) 𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑛 +𝑐 (c) 𝑥 𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑛 +𝑐 (d) ✔ 𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑛 +𝑐
2
𝟏
4. ∫ 𝒆𝒙 [𝒙 + 𝒍𝒏𝒙] =
1 1
(a) 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) – 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) ✔ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) – 𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
𝟏 𝟏
5. ∫ 𝒆 𝒙 [ 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 ] =
1 1 1
(a) ✔𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) – 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
(c) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) – 𝑒 𝑥
𝑥2
+𝑐

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Evaluate ∫ 𝒍𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
ii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝟑 𝒍𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
iii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒙𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙
iv. Evaluate ∫ 𝒅𝒙
√𝟏−𝒙𝟐
𝟐 𝒂𝒙
v. Evaluate ∫ 𝒙 𝒆 𝒅𝒙
vi. Evaluate ∫ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒 𝒙
𝟏
vii. Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝒂𝒙 [𝒂𝑺𝒆𝒄−𝟏 𝒙 + ]
𝒙√𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
𝒆 𝒎𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙
viii. Evaluate ∫ (𝟏+𝒙𝟐 )
𝒅𝒙
𝟏
ix. Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝒍𝒏𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
x. Evaluate ∫ (𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙) 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙

LONG QUESTIONS
𝟒
Evaluate ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙𝒅𝒙
Find ∫ 𝒆𝒂𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒃𝒙𝒅𝒙
Evaluate ∫ √𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝒃
Show that ∫ 𝒆𝒂𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙 = 𝒆𝒂𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒃𝒙 − 𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ) + 𝒄
√𝒂𝟐 +𝒃 𝟐 𝒂

Evaluate ∫ 𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙𝒅𝒙

EXERCISE 3.5
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝟐𝒂
1. ∫ 𝒙𝟐−𝒂𝟐 𝒅𝒙 =
𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
(a) +𝑐 (b) ✔ ln +𝑐 (c) 𝑙𝑛 +𝑐 (d) ln|𝑥 − 𝑎| + 𝑐
𝑥+𝑎 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥−𝑎

SHORT QUESTIONS
𝟐𝒂
i. Evaluate ∫ 𝒂𝟐 −𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟓𝒙+𝟖
ii. Evaluate ∫ (𝒙+𝟑)(𝟐𝒙−𝟏) 𝒅𝒙
(𝒂−𝒃)𝒙
iii. Evaluate ∫ (𝒙−𝒂)(𝒙−𝒃) 𝒅𝒙

LONG QUESTIONS
𝒙−𝟐
Evaluate ∫ (𝒙+𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 +𝟏)
𝟐𝒙𝟐
Evaluate ∫ (𝒙−𝟏)𝟐 (𝟐𝒙+𝟑) 𝒅𝒙

EXERCISE 3.6
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
−𝝅
1. ∫𝝅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 =
(a) ✔2 (b) -2 (c) 0 (d) -1
𝟐
2. ∫−𝟏|𝒙|𝒅𝒙 =
1 1 5 3
(a) 2
(b) − 2 (c) 2 (d) ✔ 2
𝟏
3. ∫𝟎 (𝟒𝒙 + 𝒌)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒌 =
(a) 8 (b) -4 (c) ✔ 0 (d) -2
𝟑 𝒅𝒙
4. ∫𝟎 𝒙𝟐+𝟗 =
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) (b) ✔ (c) (d) None of these
4 12 2
−𝝅
5. ∫𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙 equals to:
(a) -2 (b) 0 (c) ✔ 2 (d) 1
𝝅
𝟑
6. ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒅𝒕 =
𝝅
𝟔
√3 1 √3 1 1 √3
(a) ✔ 2 − 2 (b) 2
+2 (c) 2 − 2
(d) None

𝒂
7. ∫𝒂 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
(a) ✔0 (b) ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (c) ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (d) ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝟐
8. ∫𝟎 𝟐𝒙𝒅𝒙 is equal to
(a) 9 (b) 7 (c) ✔ 4 (d) 0
SHORT QUESTIONS
𝟑 𝒅𝒙
i. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒙𝟐 +𝟗
𝟐 𝒙
ii. Evaluate ∫𝟏 𝒙𝟐+𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟐
iii. Evaluate ∫𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝝅
iv. Evaluate ∫𝝅𝟑 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒅𝒕
𝟔
𝝅
v. Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙
𝟔

𝒙 𝒙
𝟐 −
vi. Evaluate ∫𝟎 (𝒆𝟐 − 𝒆 𝟐 )𝒅𝒙
𝟓
vii. Evaluate ∫−𝟏 |𝒙 − 𝟑|𝒅𝒙

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝟏 𝟏
viii. Evaluate ∫−𝟐 (𝟐𝒙−𝟏)𝟐 𝒅𝒙
𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
ix. Evaluate ∫𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
x. Evaluate ∫𝟏 (𝒙 + 𝒙) (𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐) 𝒅𝒙

LONG QUESTIONS
𝝅
Evaluate ∫𝟎𝟒(𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽)𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 𝒅𝜽
𝟏 𝟑𝒙
Evaluate ∫𝟎 𝒅𝒙
√𝟒−𝟑𝒙
𝝅

Evaluate ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝜽𝒅𝜽

𝝅
𝟒

EXERCISE 3.7

Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. To determine the area under the curve by the use of integration , the idea was given by
(a) Newton (b) ✔ Archimedes (c) Leibnitz (d) Taylor

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 and the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.
ii. Find the area between the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and the curve 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒 − 𝒙 in the first quadrant from
𝒙 = 𝟎 to 𝒙 = 𝟑.
𝝅 𝝅
iii. Find the area bounded by 𝒄𝒐𝒔 function from 𝒚 = − 𝟐 to 𝟐 .
𝟏
iv. Find the area between the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and the curve 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙 form – 𝝅 to 𝝅.

LONG QUESTIONS
Find the area between the curve 𝒚 = 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟏) and the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.

Find the area between the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 and the curve 𝒚 = √𝟐𝒂𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 when
𝒂 > 0.

Find the area between bounded by 𝒚 = 𝒙(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒) and the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.

EXERCISE 3.8
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
1. The order of the differential equation : 𝒙 + − 𝟐=𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ✔ 2 (d) more than 2

2. The equation 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄 represents ( 𝒄 being a parameter )

(a) One parabola (b) ✔ family of parabolas (c) family of line (d) two parabolas

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝒅𝒚 𝟏
3. Solution of the differential equation : =
𝒅𝒙 √𝟏−𝒙𝟐
(a) ✔𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) 𝑦 = cos−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) None
𝒅𝒚 𝒚
4. The general solution of differential equation = − is
𝒅𝒙 𝒙
𝑥 𝑦
(a) 𝑦
=𝑐 (b) 𝑥 = 𝑐 (c) ✔ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 (d)𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 𝑐
𝒅𝒗
5. Solution of differential equation = 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟕 is :
𝒅𝒕
7𝑡 2
(a) 𝑣 = 𝑡 2 − 7𝑡 3 + 𝑐 2
(b) 𝑣 = 𝑡 + 7𝑡 + 𝑐 (c) 𝑣 = 𝑡 − +𝑐 (d) ✔ 𝑣 = 𝑡 2 − 7𝑡 +
2
𝑐
𝒅𝒚
6. The solution of differential equation = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 is
𝒅𝒙
(a) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) ✔𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 (c) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + 𝑐

SHORT QUESTIONS
𝒅𝒚 𝒚𝟐 +𝟏
i. Solve =
𝒅𝒙 𝒆−𝒙
𝟏 𝒅𝒚
ii. Solve − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎
𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝟑
iii. Solve = 𝟒 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟑, if 𝒚 = 𝟎 and 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒚
iv. Solve = 𝒙𝟐 , (𝒚 > 0)
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝟏−𝒚
v. Solve =
𝒅𝒙 𝒚
𝒅𝒚
vi. Solve (𝒆𝒙 + 𝒆−𝒙 ) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆−𝒙
𝒅𝒚
vii. Solve 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚 =𝟎
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚
viii. Solve 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒚
ix. Solve = −𝒚
𝒅𝒙
x. Define “Differential Equation” and “Order of Differential Equation”.
LONG QUESTIONS
𝒅𝒚
Find the general solution of the equation − 𝒙 = 𝒙𝒚𝟐 . Also find the particular
𝒅𝒙
solution if 𝒚 = 𝟏 when 𝒙 = 𝟎.
𝒅𝒔
Solve the differential equation + 𝟐𝒔𝒕 = 𝟎. Also find the particular solution if
𝒅𝒕
𝒔 = 𝟒𝒆, when 𝒕 = 𝟎.
EXERCISE 4.1
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
1. 𝑰𝒇 𝒙 < 0, 𝑦 < 0 then the point 𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚) lies in the quadrant
(a) I (b) II (c) ✔ III (d) IV

2. The point P in the plane that corresponds to the ordered pair (𝒙, 𝒚) is called:
(a) ✔𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ 𝑜𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) (b) mid-point of 𝑥, 𝑦 (c) 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 (d) ordinate of 𝑥, 𝑦

3. If 𝒙 < 0 , 𝑦 > 0 then the point 𝑷(−𝒙, −𝒚) lies in the quadrant
(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) ✔ IV
4. The straight line which passes through one vertex and though the mid-point of the opposite
side is called:
(a) ✔Median (b) altitude (c) perpendicular bisector (d) normal
5. The straight line which passes through one vertex and perpendicular to opposite side is
called:
(a) Median (b) ✔ altitude (c) perpendicular bisector (d) normal

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬

6. The point where the medians of a triangle intersect is called_________ of the triangle.
(a) ✔Centroid (b) centre (c) orthocenter (d) circumference
7. The point where the altitudes of a triangle intersect is called_________ of the triangle.
(a) Centroid (b) centre (c) ✔ orthocenter (d) circumference
8. The centroid of a triangle divides each median in the ration of
(a) ✔2:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 1:1 (d) None of these
9. The point where the angle bisectors of a triangle intersect is called_________ of the triangle.
(a) Centroid (b) ✔in centre (c) orthocenter (d) circumference

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Show that the points 𝑨(𝟑, 𝟏), 𝑩(−𝟐, −𝟑) and 𝑪(𝟐, 𝟐) are vertices of an isosceles
triangle.
ii. Find the mid-point of the line segment joining the vertices 𝑨(−𝟖, 𝟑), 𝑩(𝟐, −𝟏).
iii. Show that the vertices 𝑨(−𝟏, 𝟐) , 𝑩(𝟕, 𝟓), 𝑪(𝟐, −𝟔) are vertices of a right triangle.
iv. Find the points trisecting the join of 𝑨(−𝟏, −𝟒) and 𝑩(𝟔, 𝟐).
v. Find 𝒉 such that 𝑨(−𝟏, 𝒉) , 𝑩(𝟑, 𝟐), 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪(𝟕, 𝟑) are collinear.
vi. Describe the location in the plane of point 𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚) for whcih 𝒙 = 𝒚.
vii. The point 𝑪(−𝟓, 𝟑) is the centre of a circle and 𝑷(𝟕, −𝟐) lies on the circle. What is the
radius of the circle?
viii. Find the point three-fifth of the way along the line segment from 𝑨(−𝟓, 𝟖) to 𝑩(𝟓, 𝟑).

LONG QUESTIONS
Find 𝒉 such that the quadrilateral with vertices 𝑨(−𝟑, 𝟎) , 𝑩(𝟏, −𝟐) , 𝑪(𝟓, 𝟎)
and 𝑫(𝟏, 𝒉) is parallelogram. Is it a square?

Show that the points 𝑨(𝟓, 𝟐), 𝑩(−𝟐, 𝟑), 𝑪(−𝟑, −𝟒) and 𝑫(𝟒, −𝟓) are the
vertices of a ||𝒎 . Is the ||𝒎 a square.

Find the points that divide the line segment joining 𝑨(𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) and 𝑩(𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 )
into four equal parts.

EXERCISE 4.2

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. The two points 𝑷 and 𝑶′ are given in 𝒙𝒚 −coordinate system. Find the 𝑿𝒀-coordinates of
𝑷 referred to the translated axes 𝑶′𝑿 and 𝑶′𝒀 if 𝑷(−𝟐, 𝟔) and 𝑶′ (−𝟑, 𝟐).
ii. The 𝒙𝒚-coordinate axes are translated through point 𝑶′ whose coordinates are given in
𝒙𝒚 −coodinate system. The coordinates of 𝑷 are given in the 𝑿𝒀 −coodinate system.
Find the coordinates of 𝑷 in 𝒙𝒚-coordiante system if 𝑷(−𝟓, −𝟑) , 𝑶′ (−𝟐, 𝟑).
iii. What are translated axes.
iv. What are rotated axes.

LONG QUESTIONS
The 𝒙𝒚 −coordiante axes are rotated about the origin through the indicated angle. The new
axes are 𝑶′𝑿 and 𝑶′𝒀.Find the 𝑿𝒀-cooridiantes of the point 𝑷 with the given

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𝟏
𝒙𝒚-coordinates if 𝑷(𝟏𝟓, 𝟏𝟎) and 𝜽 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟑

The 𝒙𝒚 −coordinte axes are rotated about the origin through the indicated angle and the
new axes are 𝑶𝑿 and 𝑶𝒀. Find the 𝒙𝒚 −coordinates of 𝑷 and with the given 𝑿𝒀-coordiantes
if 𝑷(−𝟓, 𝟑) and 𝜽 = 𝟑𝟎°

EXERCISE 4.3
Tick (✔) the correct answer.
1. The two intercepts form of the equation of the straight line is
𝑥 𝑦
(a) 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) (c) ✔ + = 1 (d) 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 =
𝑎 𝑏
𝑝
2. The Normal form of the equation of the straight line is
𝑥 𝑦
(a) 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) (c) 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 (d) ✔𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 = 𝑝
3. In the normal form 𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 + 𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 = 𝒑 the value of 𝒑 is
(a) ✔Positive (b) Negative (c) positive or negative (d) Zero
𝒙−𝒙𝟏 𝒚−𝒚𝟏
4. If 𝜶 is the inclination of the line 𝒍 then 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 = 𝒓(𝒔𝒂𝒚)
(a) Point-slope form (b) normal form (c) ✔symmetric form (d) none of these
5. The slope of the line 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 is
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏
(a) (b) ✔ – (c) (d) –
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
6. The slope of the line perpendicular to 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏
(a) (b) – (c) ✔ (d) –
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
7. The general equation of the straight line in two variables 𝒙 and 𝒚 is
(a) ✔𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 (b) 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 (c) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 𝑐 = 0 (d) 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 𝑐 = 0
8. The 𝒙 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 is
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) ✔ 3 (d) 2
9. The lines 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 and 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 are
(a) ✔Parallel (b) perpendicular (c) neither (d) non coplanar
10. The point (−𝟐, 𝟒) lies ____ the line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
(a) ✔Above (b) below (c) on (d) none of these

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Show that the points 𝑨(−𝟑, 𝟔), 𝑩(𝟑, 𝟐) and 𝑪(𝟔, 𝟎) are collinear.
ii. Find an equation of the straight line if its slope is 2 and 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 is 5.
iii. Find the slope and inclination of the line joining the points (−𝟐, 𝟒); (𝟓, 𝟏𝟏)
iv. Find 𝒌 so that the line joining 𝑨(𝟕, 𝟑); 𝑩(𝒌, −𝟔) and the line joining 𝑪(−𝟒, 𝟓);
𝑫(−𝟔, 𝟒) are perpendicular.
v. Find an equation of the line bisecting the I and III quadrants.
vi. Find an equation of the line for 𝒙 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕: −𝟑 and 𝒚 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕: 𝟒
vii. Find the distance from the point 𝑷(𝟔, −𝟏) to the line 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟗 = 𝟎
viii. Find whether the given point (𝟓, 𝟖) lies above or below the line 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
ix. Check whether the lines are concurrent or not.
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎; 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 ; 𝟑𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎
x. Transform the eqution 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑𝟗 = 𝟎 to “Two-intercept form”.
LONG QUESTIONS
Find the distance between the line given parallel lines. Sketch the lines. Also
find an equation of the parallel line lying midway between them.

𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 ; 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟕 = 𝟎

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The points 𝑨(−𝟏, 𝟐), 𝑩(𝟔, 𝟑) and 𝑪(𝟐, −𝟒) are vertices of a triangle. Show that
the line joining the midpoint 𝑫 of 𝑨𝑩 and the midpoint 𝑬 of 𝑨𝑪 is parallel to
𝟏
𝑩𝑪 and 𝑫𝑬 = 𝑩𝑪.
𝟐
EXERCISE 4.4

Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. If 𝝋 be an angle between two lines 𝒍𝟏 and 𝒍𝟐 when slopes 𝒎𝟏 and 𝒎𝟐 , then angle from 𝒍𝟏 to
𝒍𝟐
𝑚 −𝑚 𝑚 −𝑚 𝑚 +𝑚 𝑚 +𝑚
(a) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 1 2 (b) ✔ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 2 1 (c) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 1 2 (d) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 2 1
1+𝑚1 𝑚2 1+𝑚2 𝑚1 1+𝑚1 𝑚2 1+𝑚1 𝑚2
2. If 𝝋 be an acute angle between two lines 𝒍𝟏 and 𝒍𝟐 when slopes 𝒎𝟏 and 𝒎𝟐 , then acute angle
from 𝒍𝟏 to 𝒍𝟐
𝑚 −𝑚 𝑚 −𝑚 𝑚 +𝑚 𝑚 +𝑚
(a) |𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 1 2 | (b) ✔| 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 2 1 | (c) |𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 1 2 | (d)| 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = 2 1 |
1+𝑚1 𝑚2 1+𝑚2 𝑚1 1+𝑚1 𝑚2 1+𝑚1 𝑚2
3. Two lines 𝒍𝟏 and 𝒍𝟐 with slopes 𝒎𝟏 and 𝒎𝟐 are parallel if
(a) ✔𝑚1 − 𝑚2 = 0 (b) 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 = 0 (c) 𝑚1 𝑚2 = 0 (d) 𝑚1 𝑚2 = −1
4. Two lines 𝒍𝟏 and 𝒍𝟐 with slopes 𝒎𝟏 and 𝒎𝟐 are perpendicular if
(b) 𝑚1 − 𝑚2 = 0 (b) 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 = 0 (c) 𝑚1 𝑚2 = 0 (d) ✔ 𝑚1 𝑚2 = −1
𝟐 𝟐
5. The lines represented by 𝒂𝒙 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚 = 𝟎 are orthogonal if
(a) 𝑎−𝑏 =0 (b) ✔ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 (c) 𝑎 + 𝑏 > 0 (d) 𝑎 − 𝑏 < 0
6. The lines lying in the same plane are called
(a) Collinear (b) ✔ coplanar (c) non-collinear (d) non-coplanar
7. The distance of the point (𝟑, 𝟕) from the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 is
(a) ✔7 (b) -7 (c) 3 (d) -3
8. Two lines 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟏 = 𝟎 and 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎 are parallel if
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏2
(a) ✔𝑎1 = 𝑏1 (b) 𝑏1 = − 𝑏2 (c) 𝑐 1 = 𝑐 2 (d) 𝑐1 = 𝑐2
2 2 1 2 1 2 1

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Find the point of intersection of the lines 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 and 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
ii. Find an equation of the line through the point (𝟐, −𝟗) and the intersection of the
lines 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 and 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟔 = 𝟎.
iii. Determine the value of 𝒑 such that the lines 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟑𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟓 = 𝟎
and 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒑𝒚 + 𝟖 = 𝟎 meet at a point.
iv. Find the angle measured from the line 𝒍𝟏 to the line 𝒍𝟐 where
𝒍𝟏 : Joining (𝟐, 𝟕) and (𝟕, 𝟏𝟎) 𝒍𝟐 : Joining (𝟏, 𝟏) and (−𝟓, 𝟓)
v. Express the given system of equations in matrix form
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟎; 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎; 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟖 = 𝟎
𝟕 𝟓
vi. Find the angle from the line with slope – 𝟑 to the line with slope 𝟐.
LONG QUESTIONS
Find the interior angles of the triangle whose vertices are
𝑨(𝟔, 𝟏), 𝑩(𝟐, 𝟕), 𝑪(−𝟔, −𝟕)
Find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose sides are
𝟕𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 ; 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝒚 − 𝟒𝟏 = 𝟎 ; 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎
Find the interior angles of the quadrilateral whose vertices are
𝑨(𝟓, 𝟐), 𝑩(−𝟐, 𝟑), 𝑪(−𝟑, −𝟒) and 𝑫(𝟒, −𝟓)

EXERCISE 4.5

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Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The equation 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 represents two lines.

(a) ✔Parallel to 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (b) Parallel 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (c) not || to 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (d) not || to 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
2. The perpendicular distance of the line 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎 from the origin is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ✔2 (d) 3
𝟐 𝟐
3. The lines represented by 𝒂𝒙 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚 = 𝟎 are orthogonal if
(b) 𝑎−𝑏 =0 (b) ✔ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 (c) 𝑎 + 𝑏 > 0 (d) 𝑎 − 𝑏 < 0
4. Every homogenous equation of second degree 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 represents two straight
lines
(a) ✔Through the origin (b) not through the origin (c) two || line (d) two ⊥ar lines
𝟐 𝟐
5. The equation 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐𝟑𝒙𝒚 − 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟎 is homogeneous of degree
(a) 1 (b) ✔ 2 (c) 3 (d) more than 2
6. The equation 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎 represents two lines.
(a) ✔Parallel to 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (b) Parallel 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (c) not || to 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (d) not || to 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Find an equation of each of the lines represented by 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟕𝒙𝒚 − 𝟐𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎
ii. Define Homogenous equation.
iii. Write down the joint equation.
iv. Find a joint equation of the straight lines through the origin perpendicular to the
lines represented by 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟔𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎.
v. Find measure of angle between the lines represented by 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝟔𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎.
LONG QUESTIONS
Find the lines represented by 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜶 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 and also find
measure of the angle between them.

Find a join equation of the lines through the origin and perpendicular to the
lines: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜶 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

Find a joint equation of the lines through the origin and perpendicular to the
lines 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎

EXERCISE 5.1
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. (0,0) is satisfied by
(a) 𝑥 − 𝑦 < 10 (b) 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 > 10 (c) ✔ 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥ 13 (d) None
2. The point where two boundary lines of a shaded region intersect is called _____ point.
(a) Boundary (b) ✔ corner (c) stationary (d) feasible
3. If 𝒙 > 𝑏 then
(a) – 𝑥 > −𝑏 (b) – 𝑥 < 𝑏 (c) 𝑥 < 𝑏 (d) ✔ – 𝑥 < −𝑏
4. The symbols used for inequality are
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) ✔4
5. A linear inequality contains at least _________ variables.
(a) ✔One (b) two (c) three (d) more than three
6. An inequality with one or two variables has ________ solutions.
(a) One (b) two (c) three (d) ✔infinitely many

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7. 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 < 𝑐 is not a linear inequality if

(a) ✔𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 0 (b) 𝑎 ≠ 0 , 𝑏 ≠ 0 (c) 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0 (d) 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 0
8. The graph of corresponding linear equation of the linear inequality is a line called________
(a) ✔Boundary line (b) horizontal line (c) vertical line (d) inclined line
9. The graph of a linear equation of the form 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 = 𝒄 is a line which divides the whole
plane into ______ disjoints parts.
(a) ✔Two (b) four (c) more than four (d) infinitely many
10. The graph of the inequality 𝒙 ≤ 𝒃 is
(a) Upper half plane (b) lower half plane (c) ✔ left half plane (d) right half plane
11. The graph of the inequality 𝒚 ≤ 𝒃 is
(b) Upper half plane (b) ✔ lower half plane (c) left half plane (d) right half plane

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Define “Corner Point” or “Vertex”.
ii. Graph the solution set of linear inequality 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 ≥ 𝟐𝟏.
iii. Indicate the solution set of 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 ≥ 𝟐𝟏 ; 𝒙 − 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐
iv. What is “Corresponding equation”.
v. Graph the inequality 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 < 6.
LONG QUESTIONS
Graph the following system of inequalities
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟐 ; 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟎 ; 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
Graph the following system of inequalities and find the corner points
𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟓 ; −𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟎 ; 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
Graph the solution region of the following system of linear inequalities by
shading
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟖 ; 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟎 ; −𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟎

EXERCISE 5.2
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The feasible solution which maximizes or minimizes the objective function is called
(a) Exact solution (b) ✔ optimal solution (c) final solution (d) objective function
2. Solution space consisting of all feasible solutions of system of linear in inequalities is called
(a) Feasible solution (b) Optimal solution (c) ✔ Feasible region (d) General solution
3. Corner point is also called
(a) Origin (b) Focus (c) ✔ Vertex (d) Test point
4. For feasible region:
(a) ✔𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (b) 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≤ 0 (c) 𝑥 ≤ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (d) 𝑥 ≤ 0, 𝑦 ≤ 0
5. 𝒙 = 𝟎 is in the solution of the inequality
(a) 𝑥<0 (b) 𝑥 + 4 < 0 (c) ✔2𝑥 + 3 > 0 (d)2𝑥 + 3 < 0
6. Linear inequality 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕𝒚 > 3 is satisfied by the point
(a) (5,1) (b) (-5,-1) (c) (0,0) (d) ✔ (1,-1)
7. The non-negative constraints are also called
(a) ✔Decision variable (b) Convex variable (c) Decision constraints (d) concave variable
8. If the line segment obtained by joining any two points of a region lies entirely within the
region , then the region is called
(a) Feasible region (b) ✔ Convex region (c) Solution region (d) Concave region
SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Graph the feasible region of 𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟓 ; −𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟎 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎; 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬

ii. Graph the feasible region of 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 ≤ 𝟑𝟓; 𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟒 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎; 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

iii. What is “Convex”.
iv. Define “Feasible region”.
v. Graph the feasible region of 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 ≤ 𝟔; 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟐 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎; 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
LONG QUESTIONS
Graph the feasible region and find the corner points of

𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟎; 𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟐; 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎; 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

Graph the feasible region and find the corner points of

𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐𝟎 ; 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟐𝟎 ; 𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏𝟏 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 ; 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

EXERCISE 5.3
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. A function which is to be maximized or minimized is called:

(a) Linear function (b) ✔ Objective function (c) Feasible function (d) None of these
2. For optimal solution we evaluate the objective function at
(a) Origen (b) Vertex (c) ✔ Corner Points (d) Convex points
3. We find corner points at
(a) Origen (b) Vertex (c) ✔ Feasible region (d) Convex region

LONG QUESTIONS
Maximize 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 subject to constraints
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 ≤ 𝟑𝟎 ; 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 ≤ 𝟐𝟎 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 ;𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
Minimize 𝒛 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 subject to constraints
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 ≥ 𝟏𝟓 ; 𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 ≥ 𝟗 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 ;𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
Maximize 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 subject to constraints
𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙 ≤ 𝟖 ; 𝒙 − 𝒚 ≤ 𝟒 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 ;𝒚 ≥ 𝟎

EXERCISE 6.1
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The locus of a revolving line with one end fixed and other end on the circumference of a circle
of a circle is called:
(a) a sphere (b) a circle (c) ✔a cone (d) a conic
2. The set of points which are equal distance from a fixed point is called:
(a) ✔Circle (b) Parabola (c) Ellipse (d) Hyperbola
3. The circle whose radius is zero is called:
(a) Unit circle (b) ✔point circle (c) circumcircle (d) in-circle
4. The circle whose radius is 1 is called:
(a) ✔Unit circle (b) point circle (c) circumcircle (d) in-circle
5. The equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 represents the circle with centre
(a) (𝑔, 𝑓) (b) ✔ (−𝑔, −𝑓) (c) (−𝑓, −𝑔) (d) (𝑔, −𝑓)

6. The equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒈𝒙 + 𝟐𝒇𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 represents the circle with centre

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(a) ✔√𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 − 𝑐 (b) √𝑔2 + 𝑓 2 + 𝑐 (c) √𝑔2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑓 (d) √𝑔 + 𝑓 − 𝑐

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Write the equation of the circle with centre (−𝟑, 𝟓) and radius.
ii. Find the equation of the circle with ends of a diameter at (−𝟑, 𝟐) and (𝟓, −𝟔).
iii. Find the centre and radius of the circle of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝒚 = 𝟎

LONG QUESTIONS
Find an equation of the circle passing through 𝑨(𝟑, −𝟏), 𝑩(𝟎, 𝟏) and having
centre at 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
Show that the circles 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 and 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 − 𝟒𝟔 = 𝟎
touch internally.
Find the equation of the circle of radius 𝟐 and tangent to the line 𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟒 = 𝟎
at 𝑨(𝟏, −𝟑)
Show that the lines 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟎 and 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎 are tangents to the
circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟎

EXERCISE 6.2

LONG QUESTIONS
Find the length of the chord cut off from the line 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑 by the circle
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔
Find the length of the tangent drawn from the point (−𝟓, 𝟒) to the circle
𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓𝒚 − 𝟏𝟑𝟏 = 𝟎
Find an equation of the chord of contact of the tangents drawn from (𝟒, 𝟓) to
the circle 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟎

EXERCISE 6.3
LONG QUESTIONS
Prove that length of a diameter of the circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 is 𝟐𝒂.
Prove that the midpoint of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is the
circumference of the triangle.
The perpendicular at the outer end of a radial segment is tangent to the circle.

EXERCISE 6.4
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The ratio of the distance of a point from the focus to distance from the directrix is denoted by
(a) ✔𝑟 (b) 𝑅 (c) 𝐸 (d) 𝑒
2. Standard equation of Parabola is :
(a) 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎 (b) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 (c) ✔ 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 (d) 𝑆 = 𝑣𝑡
3. The focal chord is a chord which is passing through
(a) ✔Vertex (b) Focus (c) Origin (d) None of these

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4. The curve 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 is symmetric about

(a) ✔𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (b) 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
𝟐
5. Latusrectum of 𝒙 = −𝟒𝒂𝒚 is
(a) 𝑥=𝑎 (b) 𝑥 = −𝑎 (c) 𝑦 = 𝑎 (d) ✔ 𝑦 = −𝑎
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
6. Eccentricity of the ellipse 𝒂𝟐
+ 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏 is
𝑎 𝑐
(a) (b) 𝑎𝑐 (c) ✔ (d) None of these
𝑐 𝑎
𝟐
7. Focus of 𝒚 = −𝟒𝒂𝒙 is
(a) (0, 𝑎) (b) ✔(−𝑎, 0) (c) (𝑎, 0) (d) (0, −𝑎)
8. A type of the conic that has eccentricity greater than 1 is
(a) An ellipse (b) A parabola (c) ✔ A hyperbola (d) A circle
9. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = −𝟓 represents the
(a) Real circle (b) ✔Imaginary circle (c) Point circle (d) None of these
10. Which one is related to circle
(a) 𝑒=1 (b) 𝑒 > 1 (c) 𝑒 < 1 (d) ✔𝑒 = 0
11. Circle is the special case of :
(a) Parabola (b) Hyperbola (c) ✔Ellipse (d) None of these
𝟐
12. Equation of the directrix of 𝒙 = −𝟒𝒂𝒚 is:
(a) 𝑥+𝑎 =0 (b) 𝑥 − 𝑎 = 0 (c) 𝑦 + 𝑎 = 0 (d) ✔ 𝑦 − 𝑎 = 0

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Define Parabola.
ii. Analyze the parabola 𝒙𝟐 = −𝟏𝟔𝒚
iii. The point of a parabola which is closest to the focus is the vertex of the parabola.
iv. Find the focus , vertex and directrix of the parabola
𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖𝒙 , 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒(𝒚 − 𝟏), 𝒚𝟐 = −𝟖(𝒙 − 𝟑)
v. Write an equation of the parabola with given elements
Focus (−𝟑, 𝟏) ; directrix 𝒙 = 𝟑 directrix 𝒙 = −𝟐, Focus (𝟐, 𝟐)
Directrix 𝒚 = 𝟑 ; vertex (𝟐, 𝟐)
LONG QUESTIONS
Find an equation of the parabola having its focus at the origin and directrix
parallel to the (i) 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔 (ii) 𝒚 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔
Show that the ordinate at any point 𝑷 of the parabola is a mean proportional
between the length of the letusrectum and the abscissa of 𝑷.

EXERCISE 6.5
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The midpoint of the foci of the ellipse is its

(a) Vertex (b) ✔ Centre (c) Directrix (d) None of these

2. Focus of the ellipse always lies on the

(a) Minor axis (b) ✔Major axi (c) Directrix (d) None of these
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
3. Length of the major axis of + = 𝟏 , 𝒂 > 𝑏 is
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
2𝑏2
(a) ✔2𝑎 (b) 2𝑏 (c)
𝑎
(d) None of these
4. In the cases of ellipse it is always true that:
(a) ✔𝑎2 > 𝑏2 (b) 𝑎2 < 𝑏 2 (c) 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 (d) 𝑎 < 0, 𝑏 < 0
5. Two conics always intersect each other in ______ points
(a) No (b) one (c) two (d) ✔ four

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) ‫ ج ۔ ب لیصحت وھب ٓا ک‬2 2 2 ‫مسب ا ہلل اپ ک وف ر زس وک گنچ ا ڈنی ا وجی لنشیک ا ڈیک یم وینچ ٹ ( کچ ربم‬
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
6. The eccentricity of ellipse + = 1 is
𝟏𝟔 9
√7 7
(a) ✔ (b) (c) 16 (d) 9
4 4
7. The foci of an ellipse are (𝟒, 𝟏) and (𝟎, 𝟏) then its centre is:
(a) (4,2) (b) ✔(2,1) (c) (2,0) (d) (1,2)

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Analyze the equation 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟐

ii. Find the equation of the ellipse with given data :

Foci (±𝟑, 𝟎) and minor axis of length 10
Vertices – 𝟏, 𝟏), (𝟓, 𝟏); Foci (𝟒, 𝟏) and (𝟎, 𝟏)
Centre (𝟎, 𝟎), focus (𝟎, −𝟑), vertex (𝟎, 𝟒)
iii. Find the centre , foci , eccentricity , vertices and directrices of the ellipse whose
equations are given : 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖 , 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓

LONG QUESTIONS
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝟐𝒃𝟐
Prove that the letusrectum of the ellipse 𝟐
+ = 𝟏 is .
𝒂 𝒃𝟐 𝒂
Let 𝒂 be a positive number and 𝟎 < 𝑐 < 𝑎. Let 𝑭(−𝒄, 𝟎) and 𝑭′ (𝒄, 𝟎) be two
given points. Prove that the locus of points 𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚) such that
|𝑷𝑭| + |𝑷𝑭′ | = 𝟐𝒂, is an ellipse.

EXERCISE 6.6
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The foci of hyperbola always lie on :

(a) 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (b) ✔ 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖s (c) 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (d) Conjugate axis
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
2. Length of transverse axis of the hyperbola − 𝟐 = 𝟏 is
𝒂𝟐 𝒃
(a) ✔2𝑎 (b) 2𝑏 (c) 𝑎 (d) 𝑏
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
3. − = 𝟏 is symmetric about the:
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
(a) 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (b) 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 (c) ✔Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
4. If 𝒄 = √𝟔𝟓 , 𝒃 = 𝟕 and 𝒂 = 𝟒 then the eccentricity of hyperbola is :
√65 65 √65 7
(a) ✔ 4
(b) 16 (c) 7
(d) 4
SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Define Hyperbola.
ii. Discuss 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
iii. Find the equation of hyperbola with given data : Foci (±𝟓, 𝟎), vertex (𝟑, 𝟎)
Foci (𝟎, ±𝟔), 𝒆 = 𝟐 , Foci (𝟓, −𝟐), (𝟓, 𝟒) and one vertex (𝟓, 𝟑)
iv. Find the centre ,foci , eccentricity , vertices and directrix of 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗
𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
− 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏 , − =𝟏
𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟗
LONG QUESTIONS
For any point on the hyperbola the difference of its distances from the
points (𝟐, 𝟐) and (𝟏𝟎, 𝟐) is 6. Find the equation of hyperbola
Let 𝟎 < 𝑎 < 𝑐 and 𝑭′ (−𝒄, 𝟎), 𝑭(𝒄, 𝟎) be two fixed points . Show that th
set of points 𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚) such that

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𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
|𝑷𝑭| − |𝑷𝑭′ | = ±𝟐𝒂 is the hyperbola 𝟐
− =𝟏
𝒂 𝒄𝟐 −𝒂𝟐

EXERCISE 6.7
SHORT QUESTIONS
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
i. Find equations of the common tangents to the two conics 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏 and
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
+ =𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝟗
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
ii. Find the points of intersection of the ellipse 𝟒𝟑 + 𝟒𝟑 = 𝟏 and the hyperbola
𝟑 𝟒
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
− 𝟏𝟒 = 𝟏
𝟕
iii. Find the points of intersection of the conics 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟖 and 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏
iv. Find equations of the common tangents to the given conics 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝒙 and
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐𝒚
v. Find equations of the tangents to the conic 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 parallel to 𝟓𝒙 −
𝟐𝒚 + 𝟕 = 𝟎
LONG QUESTIONS
Show that the product of the distances from the foci to any tangent to
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
the hyperbola 𝟐
− = 𝟏 is constant.
𝒂 𝒃𝟐

Find equations of tangent and normal to each of the following at the indicated
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
point: 𝟐
+ = 𝟏 at (𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽, 𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)
𝒂 𝒃𝟐

Find the points of intersection of the given conics 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 and 𝒙𝟐 +

𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚 + 𝟖 = 𝟎

EXERCISE 6.8

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Transform the equation 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟎 referred to the origin
𝑶′ (−𝟑, 𝟏) as origin, axes remaining parallel to the old axes.
ii. Find an equation of 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙𝒚 + 𝟓𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖 = 𝟎 with respect to new axes
obtained by rotation of axes about the origin through an angle of 𝟏𝟑𝟓°.
LONG QUESTIONS
Find an equation referred to the new axes obtained rotation of axes about the
origin through the given angle:
(a) 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟗 = 𝟎 , 𝜽 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐
𝟐
(b) 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟎 , 𝜽 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟑

Find measure of the angle through which the axes be rotated so that the
product term 𝑿𝒀 is removed from the transformed equation. Also find the
transformed equation: 𝒙𝒚 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎

EXERCISE 6.9
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LONG QUESTIONS
Find an equation of the tangent to each of the given conic at the
indicated point: 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 − 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎 at (𝟒, 𝟏)

Find an equation of the tangent to the conic 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 at the

point whose ordinate is √𝟐.

By a rotation of axes, eliminate the 𝒙𝒚 −term in 𝒙𝟐 −

𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟎

EXERCISE 7.1
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. Two vectors are said to be negative of each other if they have the same magnitude and
__________direction.
(a) Same (b) ✔ opposite (c) negative (d) parallel
2. Parallelogram law of vector addition to describe the combined action of two forces, was used
by
(a) Cauchy (b) ✔ Aristotle (c) Alkhwarzmi (d) Leibnitz
3. The vector whose initial point is at the origin and terminal point is 𝑷 , is called
(a) Null vector (b) unit vector (c) ✔position vector (d) normal vector
4. If 𝑹 be the set of real numbers, then the Cartesian plane is defined as
(a) 𝑅 2 = {(𝑥 2 , 𝑦 2 ): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅} (b) ✔ 𝑅 2 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅} (c) 𝑅 2 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 = −𝑦}
(d) 𝑅 2 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑥 = 𝑦}
5. The element (𝒙, 𝒚) ∈ 𝑹𝟐 represents a
(a) Space (b) ✔ point (c) vector (d) line
𝟐
6. If 𝒖 = [𝒙, 𝒚] in 𝑹 , then |𝒖| =?
(a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 (b) ✔ √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 (c) ±√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 (d) 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
7. If |𝒖| = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎, then it must be true that
(a) 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (b) 𝑥 ≤ 0, 𝑦 ≤ 0 (c) 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≤ 0 (d) ✔ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0
8. Each vector [𝒙, 𝒚]in 𝑹𝟐 can be uniquely represented as
(a) 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑦𝑗 (b) ✔ 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 (c) 𝑥 + 𝑦 (d) √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
9. The lines joining the mid-points of any two sides of a triangle is always _____to the third side.
(a) Equal (b) ✔ Parallel (c) perpendicular (d) base

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Write the vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑷𝑸 in the form of 𝒙𝒊 + 𝒚𝒋 if 𝑷(𝟐, 𝟑), 𝑸(𝟔, −𝟐)
ii. Find the sum of the vectors 𝑨𝑩 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , given the four points
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝑪𝑫
𝑨(𝟏, −𝟏), 𝑩(𝟐, 𝟎), 𝑪(−𝟏, 𝟑) and 𝑫(−𝟐, 𝟐)
𝟏 √𝟑
iii. Find the unit vector in the direction of vector given 𝒗 = 𝟐 𝒊 + 𝟐 𝒋
iv. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
If 𝑨𝑩 𝑪𝑫. Find the coordinates of the points 𝑨 when points 𝑩, 𝑪, 𝑫 are
(𝟏, 𝟐), (−𝟐, 𝟓), (𝟒, 𝟏𝟏) respectively.
v. If 𝑩, 𝑪 and 𝑫 are respectively (𝟒, 𝟏), (−𝟐, 𝟑) and (−𝟖, 𝟎). Use vector method to find
the coordinates of the point 𝑨 if 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 is a parallelogram.
vi. Define Parallel vectors.

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LONG QUESTIONS
Prove that the line segment joining the mid points of two sides of a triangle is
parallel to the third side and half as long.

Prove that the line segments joining the mid points of the sides of a
quadrilateral taken in order form a parallelogram.

EXERCISE 7.2
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. If 𝒖 = 𝟑𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌 then [3,-1,2] are called ____________ of 𝒖 .

(a) Direction cosines (b) ✔ direction ratios (c) direction angles (d) elements
2. Which of the following can be the direction angles of some vector
(a) 45°, 45°, 60° (b) 30°, 45°, 60° (c) ✔45°, 60°, 60° (d) obtuse
3. Measure of angle 𝜽 between two vectors is always.
𝜋
(a) 0<𝜃<𝜋 (b) 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ (c) ✔0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋 (d) obtuse
2
4. If the dot product of two vectors is zero, then the vectors must be
(a) Parallel (b) ✔ orthogonal (c) reciprocal (d) equal

5. If the cross product of two vectors is zero, then the vectors must be
(a) ✔ Parallel (b) orthogonal (c) reciprocal (d) Non coplanar
6. If 𝜽 be the angle between two vectors 𝒂 and 𝒃 , then 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 =
𝑎×𝑏 𝑎.𝑏 𝑎.𝑏 𝑎.𝑏
(a) (b) ✔ (c) (d)
|𝑎||𝑏| |𝑎||𝑏| |𝑎| |𝑏|
7. If 𝜽 be the angle between two vectors 𝒂 and 𝒃 , then projection of 𝒃 along 𝒂 is
𝑎×𝑏 𝑎.𝑏 𝑎.𝑏 𝑎.𝑏
(a) (b) (c) ✔ (d)
|𝑎||𝑏| |𝑎||𝑏| |𝑎| |𝑏|
8. If 𝜽 be the angle between two vectors 𝒂 and 𝒃 , then projection of 𝒂 along 𝒃 is
𝑎×𝑏 𝑎.𝑏 𝑎.𝑏 𝑎.𝑏
(a) (b) (c) (d) ✔
|𝑎||𝑏| |𝑎||𝑏| |𝑎| |𝑏|
9. Let 𝒖 = 𝒂𝒊 + 𝒃𝒋 + 𝒄𝒌 then projection of 𝒖 along 𝒊 is
(a) ✔𝑎 (b) 𝑏 (c) 𝑐 (d) 𝑢

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Find 𝜶, so that |𝜶𝒊 + (𝜶 + 𝟏)𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌| = 𝟑
ii. Find a vector whose magnitude is 4 and is parallel to 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟔𝒌.
iii. Find 𝒂 and 𝒃 so that the vectors 𝟑𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌 and 𝒂𝒊 + 𝒃𝒋 − 𝟐𝒌 are parallel.
iv. Find the direction cosines for the given vector: 𝒗 = 𝟑𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌
v. Find Two vectors of length 2 parallel to the vector 𝒗 = 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟒𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌.

LONG QUESTIONS
The position vectors of the points 𝑨, 𝑩, 𝑪 and 𝑫 are 𝟐𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝒌, 𝟑𝒊 + 𝒋, 𝟐𝒊 +
𝑨𝑩 is parallel to ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝟒𝒋 − 𝟐𝒌 and −𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 + 𝒌 respectively. Show that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑪𝑫.

EXERCISE 7.3
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. In any ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 , the law of cosine is

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(a) ✔𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴 (b) 𝑎 = 𝑏𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐶 + 𝑐𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐵 (c) 𝑎. 𝑏 = 0 (d) 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0

2. In any ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 , the law of projection is
(a) 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴 (b) ✔ 𝑎 = 𝑏𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐶 + 𝑐𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐵 (c) 𝑎. 𝑏 = 0 (d) 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0
3. If 𝒖 is a vector such that 𝒖. 𝒊 = 𝟎, 𝒖. 𝒋 = 𝟎, 𝒖. 𝒌 = 𝟎 then 𝒖 is called
(a) Unit vector (b) ✔ null vector (c) [𝑖, 𝑗, 𝑘] (d) none of these
4. Cross product or vector product is defined
(a) In plane only (b) ✔in space only (c) everywhere (d) in vector field
5. If 𝒖 and 𝒗 are two vectors , then 𝒖 × 𝒗 is a vector
(a) Parallel to 𝑢and 𝑣 (b) parallel to 𝑢 (c) ✔ perpendicular to 𝑢 and 𝑣 (d) orthogonal to 𝑢
6. If 𝒖 and 𝒗 be any two vectors, along the adjacent sides of ||gram then the area of ||gram is
1 1
(a) 𝑢×𝑣 (b) ✔ |𝑢 × 𝑣| (c) (𝑢 × 𝑣) (d) |𝑢 × 𝑣 |
2 2
7. If 𝒖 and 𝒗 be any two vectors, along the adjacent sides of triangle then the area of triangle is
1 1
(a) 𝑢×𝑣 (b) |𝑢 × 𝑣| (c) (𝑢 × 𝑣) (d) ✔ |𝑢 × 𝑣 |
2 2
8. The scalar triple product of 𝒂 ,𝒃 and 𝒄 is denoted by
(a) 𝑎. 𝑏. 𝑐 (b) ✔ 𝑎. 𝑏 × 𝑐 (c) 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑐 (d) (𝑎 + 𝑏) × 𝑐

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. Calculate the projection of 𝒂 along 𝒃 if 𝒂 = 𝒊 − 𝒌 , 𝒃 = 𝒋 + 𝒌
ii. Find a real number 𝜶 so that the vectors 𝒖 and 𝒗 are perpendicular 𝒖 = 𝟐𝜶𝒊 + 𝒋 − 𝒌 , 𝒗 =
𝒊 + 𝜶𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌
iii. If 𝒗 is a vector for which 𝒗. 𝒊 = 𝟎 , 𝒗. 𝒋 = 𝟎 , 𝒗. 𝒌 = 𝟎 find 𝒗.
iv. Find the angle between the vectors 𝒖 = 𝟐𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝒌 and 𝒗 = −𝒊 + 𝒋
v. Define Orthogonal Vectors.

LONG QUESTIONS
Prove that the angle in semi circle is a right angle.

Prove that 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜶 + 𝜷) = 𝜷𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷

Prove that the altitudes of a triangle are concurrent.

EXERCISE 7.4

Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. Cross product or vector product is defined

(b) In plane only (b) ✔ in space only (c) everywhere (d) in vector field
2. If 𝒖 and 𝒗 are two vectors , then 𝒖 × 𝒗 is a vector
(b) Parallel to 𝑢and 𝑣 (b) parallel to 𝑢 (c) ✔ perpendicular to 𝑢 and 𝑣 (d) orthogonal to 𝑢
3. If 𝒖 and 𝒗 be any two vectors, along the adjacent sides of ||gram then the area of ||gram is
1 1
(b) 𝑢 × 𝑣 (b) ✔ |𝑢 × 𝑣| (c) 2 (𝑢 × 𝑣) (d) 2 |𝑢 × 𝑣 |
4. If 𝒖 and 𝒗 be any two vectors, along the adjacent sides of triangle then the area of triangle is
1 1
(b) 𝑢 × 𝑣 (b) |𝑢 × 𝑣| (c) (𝑢 × 𝑣) (d) ✔ |𝑢 × 𝑣 |
2 2
5. Two non zero vectors are perpendicular 𝒊𝒇𝒇
(a) 𝑢. 𝑣 = 1 (b) 𝑢. 𝑣 ≠ 1 (c) 𝑢. 𝑣 ≠ 0 (d) ✔ 𝑢. 𝑣 = 0

SHORT QUESTIONS

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i. If 𝒖 = 𝟐𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝒌 and 𝒗 = 𝟒𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋 − 𝒌 , find 𝒖 × 𝒗 and 𝒗 × 𝒖

ii. Find the area of triangle, determined by the point 𝑷(𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟎); 𝑸(𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟐); 𝑹(−𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟒)
iii. Find the area of ||𝒎 , whose vertices are:
𝑨(𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟏); 𝑩(𝟒, 𝟐, −𝟑); 𝑪(𝟔, −𝟓, 𝟐); 𝑫(𝟗, −𝟓, 𝟎)
iv. Which vectors, if any, are perpendicular or parallel
𝝅 𝝅
𝒖 = 𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋 − 𝒌 ; 𝒗 = −𝒊 + 𝒋 + 𝒌; 𝒘 = − 𝒊 − 𝝅𝒋 + 𝒌
𝟐 𝟐
v. If 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 , then prove that 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝒃 × 𝒄 = 𝒄 × 𝒂
vi. If 𝒂 × 𝒃 = 𝟎 and 𝒂. 𝒃 = 𝟎 , what conclusion can be drawn about 𝒂 or 𝒃?
LONG QUESTIONS

Prove that : 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜶 − 𝜷) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷

Prove that : 𝒂 × (𝒃 + 𝒄) + 𝒃 × (𝒄 + 𝒂) + 𝒄 × (𝒂 + 𝒃) = 𝟎

EXERCISE 7.5
Tick (✔) the correct answer.

1. The scalar triple product of 𝒂 ,𝒃 and 𝒄 is denoted by

(b) 𝑎. 𝑏. 𝑐 (b) ✔ 𝑎. 𝑏 × 𝑐 (c) 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑐 (d) (𝑎 + 𝑏) × 𝑐

2. The vector triple product of 𝒂 ,𝒃 and 𝒄 is denoted by

(a) 𝑎. 𝑏. 𝑐 (b) 𝑎. 𝑏 × 𝑐 (c) ✔ 𝑎 × 𝑏 × 𝑐 (d) (𝑎 + 𝑏) × 𝑐
3. Notation for scalar triple product of 𝒂 ,𝒃 and 𝒄 is
(a) 𝑎. 𝑏 × 𝑐 (b) 𝑎 × 𝑏. 𝑐 (c)[ 𝑎. 𝑏. 𝑐] (d) ✔ all of these
4. If the scalar product of three vectors is zero, then vectors are
(a) Collinear (b) ✔ coplanar (c) non coplanar (d) non-collinear
5. If any two vectors of scalar triple product are equal, then its value is equal to
(a) 1 (b) ✔0 (c) -1 (d) 2
6. Moment of a force about a point is:
(a) ✔Vector quantity (b) scalar quantity (c) zero (d) None of these
7. Two vectors lying in the same plane are called:
(a) Collinear vectors (b) perpendicular vectors (c) ✔ coplanar vectors (d) parallel vectors
8. Moment of a force 𝑭 about a point is given by:
(a) Dot product (b) ✔cross product (c) both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

SHORT QUESTIONS
i. What are coplanar vectors?
ii. A force 𝑭 = 𝟕𝒊 + 𝟒𝒋 − 𝟑𝒌 is applied at 𝑷(𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟑). Find its moment about the point
𝑸(𝟐, 𝟏, 𝟏).
iii. Find work done by 𝑭 = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟒𝒋 if its points of application to a body moves if from 𝑨(𝟏, 𝟏)
to 𝑩(𝟒, 𝟔).
iv. Prove that the vectors 𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 + 𝒌, −𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 − 𝟒𝒌 and 𝒊 − 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟓𝒌 are coplanar.
v. If 𝒂 = 𝟑𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝟓𝒌, 𝒃 = 𝟒𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 − 𝟐𝒌 and 𝒄 = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟓𝒋 + 𝒌 fine 𝒂. 𝒃 × 𝒄
vi. Find the volume of tetrahedron with the vertices 𝑨(𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐) , 𝑩(𝟑, 𝟐, 𝟏), 𝑪(𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟏) and
𝑫(𝟓, 𝟓, 𝟔).
vii. Find the value of 𝟐𝒊 × 𝟐𝒋. 𝒌 and [𝒌 𝒊 𝒋]
viii. Prove that 𝒖. (𝒗 × 𝒘) + 𝒗. (𝒘 × 𝒖) + 𝒘. (𝒖 × 𝒗) = 𝟑𝒖. (𝒗 × 𝒘)
ix. Write down the volume of tetrahedron.

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x. Find the value of , so that 𝜶𝒊 + 𝒋, 𝒊 + 𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌 and 𝟐𝒊 + 𝒋 − 𝟐𝒌 are coplanar.

LONG QUESTIONS
Prove that the points whose position vectors are (−𝟔𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋 + 𝟐𝒌) ,
𝑩 (𝟑𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 + 𝟒𝒌) , 𝑪 (𝟓𝒊 + 𝟕𝒋 + 𝟑𝒌) and 𝑫 (−𝟏𝟑𝒊 + 𝟏𝟕𝒋 − 𝒌) are coplanar.
A force of magnitude 6 units acting parallel to 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟐𝒋 + 𝒌 displces,
the point of application from (𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑) to (𝟓, 𝟑, 𝟕). Find the work done.

BEST OF LUCK
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)‫امیاےلشیپساوجینشیک‬،‫(امیاسییسھتیم‬
‫یسایاو ۔مسباہللاپکوفرزسوکگنچاڈنیاوجیلنشیکاڈیکیموینچٹ‬

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