GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,

THANE

Microproject on
”Various Generation of Computer and Operating
System”

SUBJECT:- Operating System

COMPUTER ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
THANE-400612

2023-2024
 Annexure II

A Micro-Project Report
On
”Various Generation of Computer and Operating
System”
Submitted In partial fulfilment of the
the diploma in
Computer Engineering
UNDER GUIDENCE OF
PROF. SWATI KHARAT
Department of
Computer Engineering

Submitted by:
Roll No. Enrollment No Name of the Student

63 2101160028 Vishal Damodhar Awate

62. 2101160059 Sandip Trimbak Gade
67. 2101160072 Snehal Sunil Palaspagar
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Topics Page No.

1 Rationale 11
2 Aim / Benefits of Micro-Project. 11
3 Course Outcomes Addressed. 11
4 Literature review 11
5 Actual Methodology followed 12
6 Actual resources used 12
7 Outputs of the Micro-Project 13
8 Skill Developed through this Project 22
9 Applications of the Micro-Project 22
10 Evaluation Sheet 23

1.0 RATIONALE:
The study of Operating system provides us with an understanding of human computer
interface existing in computer system and the basic concepts and its working. The
students will also get hand-on experience and good working knowledge to work in
environments. The aim is to gain pro efficiency in using operating systems after
undergoing this study. While doing so, we are known to the concept sand principles
of operating systems, its features and practical utility

2.0 AIMS/ BENEFITS OF THE MICRO-PROJECT:

The primary goal of windows operating system is having convenience for the user.
While the primary goal of is efficient operation of the computer system. The former
Operating System exists because,they are supposed to make it easier to compute them
without them. This view is particularly clear when you look at Operating Systems for
small PCs. The latter are used for large, shared, multi user systems. These systems
are expensive, so it is desirable to make them as efficient as possible.
 3.0 COURSE OUTCOME ADRESSED:

1. Install operating system and configure it

2. Use operating system tools to perform various functions

3.
4.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:
1. Internet (Google chrome).
2. YouTube.
3. Operating System (By Nirali Publication).
4. Group Discussion.
5.0 ACTUAL METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED:
1. We first discussed the topic of our Micro project among the Team
members and then made a timetable.
2. Then distributed the work of gathering information within the group
members.
3. We did research on other Typing Speed Test Web-site through various
sources and articles gathered the information related to our topic.
4. We also check the authenticity of the information.
5. Then finally started working on our project.
6. Through proper co-ordination among the team members, we rectified the
oncoming errors and corrected
7. Afterwards, we made the Report of the Micro project and then
we contributed some money to print a hard copy.
8. To complete the project (from collection of information to making report of
micro project) we took approximately 45 days.

6.0 ACTUAL RESORCES USED:

Sr No. Name of the Resources Specification Remarks

1. Computer system and Windows 11 with Basic

mobiles configuration
2. MS Word Version 2019
3. Sublime Text Latest
4. Internet Google Chrome
7.0 OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT

Computer System:-

Computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of

arithmetic or logical operation s automatically via computer programming.
Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets of operations,
called programs These programs enable computers to perform an extremely
wide range of tasks.A "complete" computer including the hardware, the
operating system (main software),and peripheral equipment required and used
for "full" operation can be referred to as a
computer system
.This term may as well be used for a group of computers that are connected and
work together, in particular a computer network or computer cluster Computers
are used as control system for a wide variety of industrial and consumer devices.
This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote
controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer-aided design
and also general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices
such as smart phones The Internet is run on computers and it connects hundreds
of millions of other computers and their users.Early computers were only
conceived as calculating devices. Since ancient times, simple manual device
slike the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early in the Industrial
Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks,
such as guiding patterns for looms More so phisticated electrical machines did
specialized analog calculations in the early 20th century.
 Operating System:-
The earliest computers were mainframes that lacked any form of operating
system. Each user had sole use of the machine for a scheduled period of time
and would arrive at the computer with program and data, of tenon punched
paper cards and magnetic or paper tape. The program would be loaded into the
machine, and the machine would be set to work until the program completed or
crashed. Programs could generally be debugged via a control panel using dials,
toggle switches and panel lights.Symbolic languages, assemblers and compilers
were developed for programmers to translate symbolic program-code into
machine code that previously would have been hand-encoded. Later machines
came with libraries of support code on punched cards or magnetic tape, which
would be linked to the user's program to assist in operations such as input and
output. This was the genesis of the modern-day operating system; however,
machines still ran a single job at a time. At Cambridge University in England
the job queue was at one time a washing line from which tapes were hung with
different colored clothes-pegs to indicate job-priority.As machines became
more powerful the time to run programs diminished, and the time to hand off
the equipment to the next user became large by comparison. Accounting for and
paying for machine usage moved on from checking the wall clock to automatic
logging by the computer. Run queues evolved from a literal queue of people at
the door, to a heap of media on a jobs-waiting table, or batches of punch-cards
stacked one on top of the other in the reader, until the machine itself was able to
select and sequence which magnetic tape drives processed which tapes. Where
program developers had originally had access to run their own jobs on the
machine, they were supplanted by dedicated machine operators who looked
after the machine and were less and less concerned with implementing tasks
manually
Generations of Operating System

1. The First Generation ( 1945 - 1955 ):

Vacuum Tubes and Plug board s Digital computers were not constructed until
the second world war. Calculating engines with mechanical relays were built at
that time. However, the mechanical relays were very slow and were later
replaced with vacuum tubes. These machines were enormous but were still very
slow.These early computers were designed, built and maintained by a single
group of people. Programming languages were unknown and there were no
operating systems so all the programming was done in machine language. All
the problems were simple numerical calculations.
By the 1950’s punch cards were introduced and the
is improved the computer system. Instead of using plug boards, programs were
written on cards and read into the system.

2.0 The Second Generation ( 1955 - 1965 ):

Transistors and Batch Systems

Transistors led to the development of the computer systems that could be
manufactured and sold to paying customers. These machines were known as
mainframes and were locked in air-conditioned computer room swith staff to
operate them.The Batch System was introduced to reduce the wasted time in the
computer. A tray full of jobs was collected in the input room and read into the
magnetic tape. After that, the tape was rewound and mounte don a tape drive.
Then the batch operating system was loaded in which read the first job from the
tape and ran it. The output was written on the second tape. After the whole
batch was done, the input and output tapes were removed and the output tape
was printed.
3.0 The Third Generation ( 1965 - 1980 ):

Integrated Circuits and Multi programming

Until the 1960’s, there were two types of computer s
ystems i.e the scientific and the commercial computers.These were combined
by IBM in the System/360. This used integrated circuits and provided a major
price and performance advantage over the second generation systems.The third
generation operating systems also introduced multi programming. This meant
that the processor was not idle while a job was completing its I/O operation.
Another job was scheduled on the processor so that its time would not be
wasted.

4.0 The Fourth Generation ( 1980 - Present ):

Personal Computers were easy to create with the development of large-scale

integrated circuits. These were chips containing thousands of transistors on a
square centimeter of silicon. Because of these,microcomputers were much
cheaper than minicomputers and that made it possible for a single individual to
own one of them.The advent of personal computers also led to the growth of
networks. This created network operating systems and distributed operating
systems. The users were aware of a network while using a network operating
system and could log in to remote machines and copy files from one machine to
another.
 8.0 SKILLS DEVELOPED THROUGH THIS PROJECT:
 Effective Communication Skills are developed among the students.
 Students can perform group activities and time management is introduced in the
students.
 Risk management, critical thinking and problem solving are developedamong
the students.
 Effective coordinating was seen in the students.
 Teamwork and collaborative skills are introduced in the students.

9.0 Applications of Micro Project:

 It is supported and encouraged to 32/64 bits operation.

 Multi-tasking system.
 It is allowed to place the file/folder on the Desktop and work from there.
 Supports long file names up to 255 characters.
 Supports multiple users with their own setting such desktop icons.

Advantages:

 Easy to use with a GUI

 Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications
 The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient
to use
 It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format

 Annexure IV
Features:-

Portable Portability means software can works on different types of hardware in same
way. Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of
hardware platform.

n Source Linux source code is freely available and it is community based

development project. Multiple teams work in collaboration to enhance the capability
of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving.

Multi-User Linux is a multi user system means multiple users can access system
resources like memory/ram/ application programs at same time.

Multi programming Linux is a multi programming system means multiple

applications can run at same time.

Hierarchical File System Linux provides a standard file structure in which system
files/ user files are arranged.

Shell Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute
commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations,
call application programs. ete.

Security Linux provides user security using authentication features like password
protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.

Limitations of Unix:-

The unfriendly, terse, inconsistent, and non-mnemonic user interface

Unix OS is designed for a slow computer system, so you can't expect fast
performance. Shell interface can be treacherous because typing mistake can destroy
files.

Versions on various machines are slightly different, so it lacks consistency.

Unix does not provide any assured hardware interrupt response time, so it does not
support real time time systems.
 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
NAME OF STUDENT: Chaitanya Vishal Damodhar Awate
ROLL NO: 63
NAME OF PROGRAMME: Computer Engineering. SEMESTER: FIFTH.
COURSE TITLE: Operating System
COURSE CODE: 22516
TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT Various Generation of Computer and Operating System
COURSE OUTCOMES ACHIEVED:
1. To learn the uses of Cascading Style sheet, Hyper Text Markup Language and JavaScript.
2. Create interactive web pages using program flow control structure.

Characteristic to be Poor Excellent

Sr. Average Good
assessed (Marks 1- (Marks 9- Sub Total
No (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8)
3) 10)

(A) Process and Product Assessment (convert above total marks out of 6 Marks)
Relevance to the
1
course
Literature
2 Review/information
collection
Completion of the
3 Target as per project
proposal
Analysis of Data and
4
representation
Quality of
5
Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva
Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership(if any):
Name and designation of the faculty member:
Signature:
 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
NAME OF STUDENT: Sandip Trimbak Gade
ROLL NO: 62
NAME OF PROGRAMME: Computer Engineering. SEMESTER: FIFTH.
COURSE TITLE:Operating System
COURSE CODE: 22516
TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT: Various Generation of Computer and Operating System
COURSE OUTCOMES ACHIEVED:
1. To learn the uses of Cascading Style sheet, Hyper Text Markup Language and JavaScript.
2. Create interactive web pages using program flow control structure.

Characteristic to be Poor Excellent

Sr. Average Good
assessed (Marks 1- (Marks 9- Sub Total
No (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8)
3) 10)

(A) Process and Product Assessment (convert above total marks out of 6 Marks)
Relevance to the
1
course
Literature
2 Review/information
collection
Completion of the
3 Target as per project
proposal
Analysis of Data and
4
representation
Quality of
5
Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva
Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership(if any):
Name and designation of the faculty member:
Signa
 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
NAME OF STUDENT: Snehal Sunil Palaspagar
ROLL NO: 67
COURSE TITLE: Operating System
COURSE CODE: 22516
TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT: Various Generation of Computer and Operating System
COURSE OUTCOMES ACHIEVED:
1. To learn the uses of Cascading Style sheet, Hyper Text Markup Language and JavaScript.
2. Create interactive web pages using program flow control structure.

Characteristic to be Poor Excellent

Sr. Average Good
assessed (Marks 1- (Marks 9- Sub Total
No (Marks 4-5) (Marks 6-8)
3) 10)

(A) Process and Product Assessment (convert above total marks out of 6 Marks)
Relevance to the
1
course
Literature
2 Review/information
collection
Completion of the
3 Target as per project
proposal
Analysis of Data and
4
representation
Quality of
5
Prototype/Model
6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation/Viva (convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)
7 Presentation
8 Viva
Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership(if any):
Name and designation of the faculty member:

Signature: