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EFF exam questions - exam notes and solutions

Business Management SL (Mount Sentinel Secondary)

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The following ques琀椀ons focus on the topics of COSTING AND QUOTING AND ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT
SOLUTION.

1. Which of the following is one of the most important things a freight forwarder must do to provide an
accurate quote to a customer? Select one answer.
a. Research the customer’s company for solvency
b. Assume that the customer wants the cheapest alterna琀椀ve
c. Be aware of the obvious as well as hidden costs
d. Iden琀椀fy the best way to invoice the customer.

2. A customer has regular full ocean container shipments to Vienna, Austria. Normally, his freight
forwarder routes this cargo through Hamburg, Germany. The service to the port of Hamburg has been
suddenly suspended as, due to an accident, there is no access to the port. Which of the following would
be the best alterna琀椀ve in this case? Select one answer.
a. Wait un琀椀l the situa琀椀on is resolved and the port is clear
b. Use air freight to transport the cargo
c. Use ocean freight to Felixstowe, UK and rail from there.
d. Use ocean freight to Antwerp, Belgium and truck from there.

3. A truck company a freight forwarder regularly uses to move LTL cargo from Montreal, Canada to
Cincinna琀椀, U.S.A. is suddenly on strike. A昀琀er calling other trucking companies, the freight forwarder s琀椀ll
cannot get space. What could the freight forwarder have done to avoid this situa琀椀on? Select one
answer.
a. Built a bank of trucking companies to handle his business
b. Booked with the trucking company well in advance
c. Used an uber operator for a possible next day service
d. O昀昀ered the trucking company extra money to move the cargo

4. When choosing a transporta琀椀on op琀椀on for your customer, what should be determined with ocean and
air carriers? Select one answer.
a. Customs clearance regula琀椀ons
b. Scheduled delivery at des琀椀na琀椀on
c. Standard trading condi琀椀ons
d. If they are CTSA carriers

5. How does the required on-site date a昀昀ect cos琀椀ng? Select one answer.
a. It determines the mode of transport
b. It determines the value of cargo
c. It enables the use of volume cos琀椀ng
d. The 昀椀nal on-site date has no e昀昀ect of cos琀椀ng

6. What e昀昀ect can fuel price 昀氀uctua琀椀ons have on cos琀椀ng? Select one answer.
a. Transport costs may not be related to distance travelled
b. Departure frequencies can change without no琀椀ce
c. Handling charges will increase
d. Forwarders may claim a volume rebate

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7. Calcula琀椀ng actual freight charges makes a di昀昀erence when choosing alterna琀椀ves. There are many
considera琀椀ons when determining accurate cos琀椀ng, and un琀椀l the shipments has been delivered to the
customer, one cannot assume that the cost will remain the same as the ini琀椀al cos琀椀ng. That other
charges could be incurred if the shipping container is not returned, in a 琀椀mely manner, to the steamship
line? Select one answer.
a. Loading and unloading
b. Processing through docks and wharves
c. Transfer to/from terminals
d. Demurrage Demurrage refers to a charge that is imposed on the owner of the chartered ship due
to delay on loading, o昀툀oading or sailing the ship in the period agreed.

8. Import shipment to Canada, which transit through the USA in bond, may be subject to delays while
transi琀椀ng the USA. What may cause this delay? Select one answer.
a. The U.S. Customs authori琀椀es ensuring compliance with Canadian laws at the port of arrival
b. Canadian customs authori琀椀es imposing AMPS penal琀椀es
c. The U.S. Customs authori琀椀es wishing to examine the cargo at the port of arrival to ensure
compliance with the U.S. laws
d. Canadian Customs inspec琀椀ons ensuring compliance with Canadian laws at the port of arrival

9. When moving cargo across “interna琀椀onal boundaries,” what must be clearly de昀椀ned in the quota琀椀on to
a customer to avoid any billing discrepancies? Select one answer.
a. The currency used and the rate of exchange
b. The commodity
c. The origin and 昀椀nal des琀椀na琀椀on
d. The consignee contact details

10. According to the Ci昀昀a Essen琀椀als of Freight Forwarding textbook, what is the revenue theory behind
ocean freight consolida琀椀ons? Select one answer.
a. Do what you have to win business, pro昀椀ts will come later
b. Space is bought at a wholesale price and sold at a retail price
c. Space on vessel is bought at a retail cost and sold at a wholesale cost
d. Space in container is bought at a retail cost and sold at a wholesale cost

11. Which of the following found on a quota琀椀on could be part of a proviso? Select one answer.
a. Insurance is available upon wri琀琀en request
b. Transporta琀椀on condi琀椀ons subjects to change
c. Number of packages
d. Special handling requirements

12. It is important to clearly state the mode of transport on a quota琀椀on. According to the CIFFA Essen琀椀al of
Freight Forwarding textbook, which of the below is impacted by the choice of transport and rou琀椀ng?
Select one answer.
a. Customs clearance, transit 琀椀me, currency exchange rate, and warehousing
b. Transit 琀椀me, cost, insurance premium, and currency exchange rate
c. Transit 琀椀me, cost, the liability limita琀椀on, and customs clearance
d. Transit 琀椀me, cost, the liability limita琀椀on, and suitable packaging

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13. Cos琀椀ng “tools” are available to the CIFFA freight forwarder. What kind of informa琀椀on can be obtained
from poten琀椀al/exis琀椀ng customers? Select one answer.
a. Accurate comparison quotes from the compe琀椀琀椀on
b. Quota琀椀ons made by internal departments
c. Customer’s credit informa琀椀on
d. Detailed past sales contracts

14. Which of the following is a poten琀椀al source of revenue for a CIFFA freight forwarder? Select one answer.
a. Provincial taxes
b. Du琀椀es
c. Cost of ocean freight
d. Stu昀케ng and de-stu昀케ng

15. For shipment of sacks and bags, by ocean, what is normally a stack measurement? Select one answer.
a. A block of 8 sacks, stacked 2 by 2, three 琀椀ers high and measured as one unit.
b. A block of 12 sacks, stacked 2 by 2, 4 琀椀ers high and measured as one unit.
c. A block of 12 sacks or bags, stacked by two, three 琀椀ers high, and measure as one unit.
d. A block of 12 sacks or bags stacked one on top of the other ang measures as one unit.

16. As a general rule, what is the currency used in an air freight quota琀椀on? Select one answer.
a. The currency requested by the customer
b. The currency of the country where the goods originate
c. The currency of the country where the freight is paid
d. The currency of the consignee’s country of residence.

17. When doing comparison quo琀椀ng, what must be established before drawing a conclusion? Select one
answer.
a. That all elements of the comparison quotes are the same
b. That the all-in cost is considered
c. The lowest cost
d. Which of the compe琀椀琀椀on quoted

18. What allowances do carries make when weigh琀椀ng and measuring cargo? Select one answer.
a. They deduct the weight of the pallet
b. They allow for the weight of the packaging
c. None, the receiving warehouse gives the precise measurements
d. They allow for li昀琀ing aides and bumpers

19. A freight forwarder has accepted a client’s instruc琀椀on by phone and proceeded to make arrangement for
the shipment. Damage occurs in transit and there is not a di昀昀erence of opinion as to who was to have
arranged for transport insurance. What should the freight forwarder have done to prevent the dispute?
Select one answer.
a. He should have told the customer, prior to shipping, that they should take special care in
packaging their goods
b. He should have told the customer up front that all cargo he handles is at shipper’s risk
c. He should have told the customer that it is not a forwarder’s responsibility to insure cargo

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d. He should have told the customer to re-con昀椀rm their shipping instruc琀椀ons in wri琀椀ng prior to
shipping
20. Why would a CIFFA freight forwarder reference the CIFFA Standard Trading Condi琀椀ons? Select one
answer.
a. To share with the customers the rules to follow
b. It is required by law
c. To protect himself
d. To protect the customer and himself

21. A customer is reques琀椀ng a quote that may require a li昀琀 gate for of loading at the delivery site. What
should the freight forwarder do? Select one answer.
a. Provide a quote that includes the base rate, then quote the charges of a li昀琀 gate separately
b. Provide an all-inclusive quoted includes the li昀琀 gate charges
c. Provide a quote that only includes the base rate and absorb the li昀琀 gate service cost
d. Provide a quote that includes the base rate and add any li昀琀 gate charges at 琀椀me of invoicing

22. Interna琀椀onal freight forwarders are bound by annual contract rates from carriers. Regarding rates, what
should always be indicated on the quota琀椀on issued to poten琀椀al customers? Select one answer.
a. Signature
b. Validity date
c. Standard trading condi琀椀ons
d. Provisos

23. Which of the following are considered indirect costs to a freight forwarding company? Select one
answer.
a. Terminal receiving charges paid out to carriers
b. Container loading charges
c. Communica琀椀on expenses (e.g., telephone)
d. Container drayage charges

24. Why is it bene昀椀cial to the freight forwarder to have the exact terms of delivery from a customer prior to
quo琀椀ng? Select one answer.
a. To establish the exact point of transfer of cost
b. To establish the transfer of documents
c. To establish the currency
d. For legal purposes to avoid liability

25. How is a gross pro昀椀t on a shipment determined? Select one answer.

a. By comparing freight charges against freight cost
b. By deduc琀椀ng the shipment’s total costs from the shipment’s total revenue
c. By deduc琀椀ng business opera琀椀onal costs from the company’s total revenue
d. By averaging the cost of the shipment and deduc琀椀ng it from the total opera琀椀onal costs

26. How is a unit of truck freight usually rated? Select one answer.
a. 1 昀琀³ or 10 lb, whichever is greater
b. 1 in³ or 10 lb, whichever is greater
c. 1 m³ or 10 kg, whichever is greater
d. 1 m³ or 10 lb, whichever is greater

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27. When all else falls and the freight forwarder cannot reduce the rate to make a sale, what should he do?
Select one answer.
a. Change his selling strategy to sell the rate anyway
b. Focus on other bene昀椀cial elements (e.g. service)
c. Move on to less challenging customers
d. Try to convince the customer to change the mode of transporta琀椀on

28. Which of the following generally results from volume contracts? Select one answer.
a. Lower buy rate from the carrier
b. Higher buy rate from the carrier
c. Higher administra琀椀on fees from the carrier
d. Lower volume of individual shipments

29. When quo琀椀ng rates to a customer based on carrier tari昀昀 rates, which of the following is one of the
considera琀椀on a freight forwarder should take into account to make the quote accurate? Select one
answer.
a. The ship’s capacity
b. Any surcharges
c. Credit terms
d. The freight forwarder’s pro昀椀t

30. A freight forwarder has determined that ocean and inland transit 琀椀me from Tokyo, Japan, and Berlin,
Germany is approximately 30 to 33 days on average. Her customer 昀椀nds the cost acceptable, but the
transit 琀椀me too slow. To move goods by air freight would take only 3 days, but the customer does not
need his goods that fast and would like to have an alterna琀椀ve which is about halfway between these two
modes of transport, 琀椀me and price levels. What could the freight forwarder recommend? Select one
answer.
a. Ocean freight the cargo to Vladivostok, Russia and then rail it Berlin via the Trans Siberian Express
b. Air freight the cargo to Montreal, Canada then move it by ocean freight to Hamburg, Germany
and then by truck to Berlin
c. Ocean freight the cargo to Vancouver, Canada and then move it by air freight to Berlin
d. Ocean freight the cargo to Vancouver, Canada, then move it by air freight to |Montreal, Canada,
then by ocean freight to Hamburg, Germany and then by truck to Berlin.

31. A customer has cargo to be shipped by air from Toronto (YYZ) to Japan (NRT). There are 15 cartons of
glass goblets, packed 12 per carton, in this shipment. The dimensions of each carton are L60cm x
W30cm x H0.30 m. the weight of each carton is 10kg. the air freight has a sell rate of CAD $0.90/kg,
security is CAD $0.15/kg, NAV CAN is CAD $0.07/kg, fuel is CAD $0.23/kg and handling is CAD $60.00
per shipment. What are the 昀椀nal total charges to the customer? Select one answer.
a. CAD $182.25
b. CAD $242.25
c. CAD $262.50
d. CAD $350.50

32. A customer has cargo inbound from the port of Yan琀椀an to the port of Vancouver. The LCL sell rate is US
$50.00 per revenue ton. The delivery from the port to the customer’s warehouse is CAD $375.00. there
are 50 boxes of plush toys in this shipment. Each pallet withs 50 kg and the dimensions of each pallet

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are L48in x W40in x H48in. Each pallet has 10 boxes. The exchange rate is US $1.00 = CAD $1.02. What
are the revenue tons of this shipment? Select one answer.
a. 1.51 m³
b. 7.551 m³
c. 8 m³
d. 15.104 m³

33. A customer has cargo inbound from the port of Yan琀椀an to the port of Vancouver. The LCL sell rate is US
$50.00 per revenue ton. The delivery from the port to the customer’s warehouse is CAD $375.00. there
are 50 boxes of plush toys in this shipment. Each pallet withs 50 kg and the dimensions of each pallet
are L48in x W40in x H48in. Each pallet has 10 boxes. The exchange rate is US $1.00 = CAD $1.02. How
much is the total freight cost of this cargo? Select one answer.
a. US $128.67
b. US $745.20
c. US $752.55
d. US $856.40

34. Under what circumstances must an exporter apply for an individual export permit? Select one answer.
a. When general export permit cannot be used
b. Under bilateral arrangement with the UN
c. When goods are on the Export Control List
d. When goods are not iden琀椀昀椀ed in the ECL Groups.

35. A customer has regular shipments of newspaper to the same des琀椀na琀椀on over a period of year. What
method of export repor琀椀ng would be most convenient for him to use.? Select one answer.
a. CERS
b. Paper form B13A
c. Export summary repor琀椀ng
d. G7 EDI

36. What is the minimum 琀椀meline to comply with when repor琀椀ng cargo exported via ocean freight? Select
one answer.
a. Not less than 48 hours prior to cargo loading
b. Not less than 2 hours prior to cargo loading
c. Not less than 4 hours prior to cargo loading
d. Immediately prior to exporta琀椀on

37. Who usually completes the commercial invoice? Select one answer.
a. Importer
b. Exporter
c. Manufacturer
d. Freight forwarder

38. Which of the following is one of the par琀椀es that can sign the cer琀椀昀椀cated of origin to a琀琀est to the origin
of the goods? Select one answer.
a. The consignee
b. The customs broker
c. The manufacturer

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d. The commissioner for taking oaths.

39. What method of payment should a freight forwarder advise a customer (seller) to choose when poli琀椀cal
interest has directly a昀昀ected the economic stability of the buyer’s country? Select one answer.
a. Open account
b. Le琀琀er of credit
c. Documentary collec琀椀on
d. Wire transfer a昀琀er sailing

40. Upon receiving le琀琀er of credit instruc琀椀ons from a customer, a freight forwarder no琀椀ces that they have
misspelled some of the words in the descrip琀椀on of the commodity. What should the freight forwarder
do? Select one answer
a. Rewrite the le琀琀er of credit instruc琀椀ons
b. With in the informa琀椀on misspelled
c. Make the correc琀椀on and submit
d. Submit an addendum

41. Under documentary credit, who is obliged to pay the bene昀椀ciary an agreed sum of money if the
bene昀椀ciary complies with the terms and condi琀椀ons in the documentary credit? Select one answer.
a. The applicant
b. The issuing bank
c. The remi琀�ng bank
d. The advising bank

42. Why is a house bill of lading unacceptable under a le琀琀er of credit? Select one answer
a. A house bill of lading does contain the necessary details of the shipment
b. A house bill of lading is not a nego琀椀able bill of lading recognized by the bank
c. A house bill of lading is an internal document not used for interna琀椀onal shipments
d. A house bill of lading is an acceptable document under the UCP 600 rules.

43. Which UCP 600 Ar琀椀cle s琀椀pulates that the con昀椀rming bank may opt out from adding to its con昀椀rma琀椀on
but must inform the issuing bank without delay? Select one answer.
a. Ar琀椀cle 2
b. Ar琀椀cle 8
c. Ar琀椀cle 9
d. Ar琀椀cle 35

44. Which of the following is one of the advantages of palle琀椀zing smaller packages into one unit? Select one
answer.
a. Lower risk of pilferage
b. Increased commercial value
c. Educed fumiga琀椀on costs
d. Lower costs than shipping loose cargo

45. When planning the container stow for an interna琀椀onal move, what should the freight forwarder keep in
mind with respect to transporta琀椀on regula琀椀ons of the des琀椀na琀椀on country? Select one answer.
a. Highway weight axle limita琀椀ons
b. ISPM 16 standard

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c. Weight/琀椀re pressure limita琀椀ons

d. Transport route closure

46. A customer has a cargo stolen from a contracted warehouse. The warehouse operator has been found
negligent. What is the legal liability of the operator given that the monthly storage charge is 450$? Select
one answer.
a. CAD $450.00
b. CAD $4,500.00
c. CAD $45,000.00
d. CAD $450,000.00

47. A customer is shipping 1000 steel pipes ( 8 feet long x 6 inches in diameter ) from Calgary to Baghdad,
Iraq, to be loaded into open top ocean containers, Which of the following is the most suitable packaging
for this cargo? Select one answer.
a. Double corrugated 昀椀breboard boxes
b. Wooden crates with dunnage
c. Open wooden pallets, strapped and slung
d. Plas琀椀c pallets, sealed

48. The assump琀椀on that a ship is technically e昀케cient and in a 昀椀t shape to carry par琀椀cular cargo ques琀椀on
would be part of what type of warranty in a marine insurance policy? Select one answer.
a. Express
b. Indemnity
c. Liability
d. Implied (This warranty includes the concept of sea worthiness, means ship is 昀椀t to sail and has
proper documenta琀椀on.)

49. Under which legal doctrine must the insured reveal all material facts and poten琀椀al risks to the insurer,
while at the same 琀椀me the insurer must make sue the insurance contract 昀椀ts and bene昀椀ts the insured.
Select one answer.
a. Measure of indemnity
b. Uberrimae 昀椀del (means to the full disclosure in insurance)
c. Subroga琀椀on
d. Without prejudice

50. A cargo was damaged during an ocean voyage but the damage was not apparent at the 琀椀me of delivery.
When must a no琀椀ce of claim be given with respects to this damage? Select one answer.
a. At the 琀椀me of delivery
b. Within 3 days of delivery
c. Within 7 days from the date of receipt
d. Within 1 year of delivery

51. What is the name of Canada’s security program that helps reduce contraband, smuggling and terrorism?
Select one answer.
a. Partners in Protec琀椀on
b. Interna琀椀onal Ship and Port Facility Security Code
c. Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism
d. Customs and Border Protec琀椀on Partnership

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52. What is the de昀椀ni琀椀on of dangerous good? Select one answer.

a. Ar琀椀cles and substances that are classi昀椀ed as harmful by the TDGR and ISPS
b. Ar琀椀cles and substances that are explosive, 昀氀ammable or corrosive
c. Ar琀椀cles of classes 1,2,3,4, and 5 and 6 iden琀椀昀椀ed under the Dangerous Goods Act
d. Ar琀椀cles and substances capable of posing a signi昀椀cant risk to health, safety, property, or the
environment.

53. What is one of the key elements of Advance Commercial Informa琀椀on ACI? Select one answer.
a. Key data of shipments must be approved by the country of export prior to loading
b. Low risk ocean and air shipments must be iden琀椀昀椀ed and seized
c. High risk shipments must be detected to allow low risk shipments to be cleared quickly
d. Gaps in processing outbound movement of goods must be iden琀椀昀椀ed and entered into the
processing system

54. When shipping dangerous goods which of the following is one of the ways how dangerous goods are
iden琀椀昀椀ed? Select one answer.
a. By proper trade name
b. By proper shipping name
c. By classi昀椀ca琀椀on
d. By the type of hazard they represent

55. Why is it in a Canadian Importer’s interest to make sure a foreign exporter of his dangerous goods
shipment has complied with his responsibili琀椀es with respect to transpor琀椀ng dangerous good? Select one
answer.
a. Because it would be easier for Transport Canada to pursue the importer for penal琀椀es.
b. Because the importer is responsible for the protec琀椀on of the supply chain from undeclared
dangerous goods
c. Because it is the importer’s responsibility as ordered by the Canadian courts
d. Because it is mandated by the Canada Transport Act

56. In Canada, how long is an air mode Dangerous Goods Training Cer琀椀昀椀cate valid for? Select one answer.
a. 12 months
b. 24 months
c. 36 months
d. 48 months

57. Which party is ul琀椀mately responsible for the accurate and 琀椀mely repor琀椀ng of exports to the CBSA?
Select one answer.
a. The importer
b. The exporter
c. The customs broker
d. The freight forwarder

58. Which of the following par琀椀es is responsible to report an undeclared dangeroush goods shipment?
Select one answer.
a. The exporter
b. The importer

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c. The customs broker

d. The carrier

59. Which of the following is one of the issues PIP’s memorandum of understanding focuses on? Select one
answer.
a. Du琀椀es and tari昀昀s
b. Exchange of informa琀椀on
c. Trade agreements
d. Cross-border weight limita琀椀ons

60. A customer has an air freight shipment from New York, USA to Toronto, Canada. What is the minimum
import repor琀椀ng 琀椀me frame for this shipment? Select one answer.
a. At the latest at the 琀椀me of departure
b. At the latest 1 hour before departure
c. At the latest 2 hours prior to arrival
d. At the latest 4 hours prior to arrival

61. Under documentary credit, the risk of which party includes that a collateral must be available from the
琀椀me the credit is issued un琀椀l the date of payment without any guarantee of the goods’ quality. Select
one answer.
a. Seller
b. Buyer
c. Nego琀椀a琀椀ng bank
d. Collec琀椀ng bank

62. Due to severe conges琀椀on in Vancouver, Canada, a freight forwarder’s weekly 40 昀琀 container
consolida琀椀on from Hong Kong, China is delayed. He is assessing other alterna琀椀ves. His
consolida琀椀ons normally contain 55m3 of freight and on average, weigh 17,000kg. He has two
alterna琀椀ves:

Alterna琀椀ve #1: All water service CY Hong Kong – CY Toronto, via Halifax: US$3,400/40昀琀.
Container delivery/drayage to CFS Toronto: CAD$380.00/container

Alterna琀椀ve #2: Mini-land bridge via Tacoma, USA.

Ocean freight CY Hong Kong-CFS Tacoma: US$1,500.00/40昀琀

Cross docking transfer in Tacoma: US$4.00/m 3

Trucking CFS Tacoma-CFS Toronto; US$6.50/100lb

Exchange rate: US$1.00=CAD$1.15

What are the total transporta琀椀on charges for alterna琀椀ve #1? Select one answer.

a. US $3,400.00
b. CAD $4,156.07
c. CAD $4,290.00

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d. US $4,350.25

63. What are the total transporta琀椀on charges for alterna琀椀ve #2? Select one answer.
a. US $1,500.00
b. US $3,936.07
c. CAD $4,526.48
d. CAD $4,779.48

64. Based on transporta琀椀on cost, which alterna琀椀ves should the freight forwarder suggest to his
supervisor?
a. Alterna琀椀ve #1
b. Alterna琀椀ve #2

65. A freight forwarder has a weekly consolida琀椀on service Hong Kong -Vancouver. With direct costs
as follows:

Ocean freight: US $1,650.00/40-昀琀 standard container

Container loading in Hong Kong: US $8.00 per revenue ton

Vancouver unloading: CAD $10.50 per revenue ton

Exchange rate is US $1.00= CAD$1.02

From past experience, the marke琀椀ng department has determined that he needs to load 40m 3 of
cargo into a 40-昀琀 standard container to break even and be able to sell to his customers an all-
inclusive rate of US $58.00.

Based on the above shipment details, answer the following scenario: last week he loaded 30m 3,
19,500kg in his consolida琀椀on. What is his total revenue for this consolida琀椀on?

a. US $1,131.00
b. CAD $1,154.00
c. US $ 1,740.00
d. US $2,320.00

66. What were his total cost for this consolida琀椀on?

a. CAD $1,463.00
b. US $2,006.65
c. US $2,198.82
d. US $2,381.60

67. What was the pro昀椀t/loss for this consolida琀椀on?

a. Pro昀椀t US $458.82

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b. Loss US $458.82
c. Loss US $875.66
d. Pro昀椀t US $875.66

68. Based on the above shipment details, answer then following scenario: this week he loaded
50m3, 21450kg in his consolida琀椀on. What was his total revenue for this consolida琀椀on?
a. US $1,244.10
b. CAD $1,923.33
c. US $2,320.00
d. US $2,900.00

69. Based on the above shipment details, answer then following scenario: this week he loaded
50m3, 21450kg in his consolida琀椀on. What were his total cost from this consolida琀椀on?
a. CAD $1,650.00
b. US $2,042.41
c. US $2,381.60
d. US $2,564.71

70. Based on the above shipment details, answer then following scenario: this week he loaded
50m3, 21450kg in his consolida琀椀on. What were pro昀椀t/loss from this consolida琀椀on?
a. Pro昀椀t US $798.31
b. Loss US $798.31
c. Pro昀椀t US $335.29
d. Loss US $335.29

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