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Lecture 3 - Two Port Systems

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Lecture 3 - Two Port Systems

Uploaded by

onyango.onyango23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EEE/ETI 2204

CIRCUITS & NETWORK THEORY II

LECTURE 3

1
Two Port Networks
• A pair of terminals through which a current may enter or leave a network is known
as a port.

• Two-terminal devices or elements (such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors)


result in one-port networks.

• A two-port network is an electrical network with two separate ports for input and
output. (four terminal device)

• Two port networks are useful in communications, control systems, a power


systems, and electronics. e.g. they are used in electronics to model transistors and
to facilitate cascaded design.

2
Two port circuits

• No external connections exist between the input


and output ports.
• The two-port model is used to describe the
performance of a circuit in terms of the voltage and
current at its input and output ports.
• There are four variables in a two port network, out
of which, we can choose two variables as
independent and another two variables as
dependent.
• So, we will get six possible pairs of equations.
• These equations represent the dependent variables
in terms of independent variables.
• The coefficients of independent variables are called
parameters. 3
Impedance Parameters (Z- parameters)

• A two-port network may be voltage-driven (a) or current-driven (b).

• From either Fig.(a) or (b), the terminal voltages can be related to the terminal
currents as the expression shown in the next slide.

4
• The terms are called the impedance parameters, or simply z parameters, and have
units of ohms.
• The values of the parameters can be evaluated by setting (input port open-
circuited) or (output port open-circuited). Thus:

5
• Since the z parameters are obtained by open-circuiting the input or output port,
they are also called the open-circuit impedance parameters.
• Specifically,

6
• The above procedure provides us with a means of calculating or measuring the z
parameters.

• Sometimes z11 and z22 are called driving-point impedances, while z12 and z21 are called
transfer impedances.

• A driving-point impedance is the input impedance of a two-terminal (one-port) device.


Thus, z11 is the input driving-point impedance with the output port open circuited, while z22
is the output driving-point impedance with the input port open-circuited.

• When z11 = z22 , the two-port network is said to be symmetrical.

• When the two-port network is linear and has no dependent sources, the transfer impedances
are equal (z12 = z21), and the two-port is said to be reciprocal.

• This means that if the points of excitation and response are interchanged, the transfer
impedances remain the same.
7
• Any two port that is made entirely of resistors, capacitors, and inductors must be
reciprocal.

• A reciprocal network can be replaced by the T-equivalent circuit in Fig (a). If the
network is not reciprocal, a more general equivalent network is shown in (b) which
follows directly from the previous equations.

8
Z parameters from T-connections

9
Practice Question

• Find the Z parameters of the following circuit by definition of Z


parameters.

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Solution

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Practice Question

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15
Practice Question
• Find I1 and I2 in the circuit in Fig. shown below.

16
Practice Question

17
Admittance Parameters (Y-parameters)
• The terms are known as the admittance parameters (or, simply, y parameters) and
have units of siemens.
• The values of the parameters can be determined by setting V1 = 0(input port short-
circuited) or V2 = 0 (output port short-circuited).

18
• Since the y parameters are obtained by short-circuiting the input or output port, they
are also called the short-circuit admittance parameters.
• Specifically,

19
• For a two port network that is linear and has no dependent sources, the transfer admittances
are equal y12 = y21. such a network can be modelled by the equivalent circuit in Fig (a)

• If the network is not reciprocal, a more general equivalent network is shown in Fig (b).

20
Practice Question

• Obtain the y parameters for the network shown.

21
Solution

22
Practice Question

• Obtain the y parameters for the T network shown in Fig.


below.

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Practice Question

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Practice Question

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Solution

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