1 Intro To CAD

Intro to CAD
Credit: Dr. Nafis Ahmad

Professor
Department of IPE, BUET
Reference books:
IPE-409 CAD/ • CADCAM Principles, practice and
manufacturing management-
CAM – Chris McMohan and Jimmie Browne
• CAD/CAM Theory and Practice
– Ibrahim Zeid
Topics
Introduction
The design process and the role of CAD-Ch#1

• Design process, role of modelling and communication, design models, concurrent engineering,
modelling using CAD, CAD system architecture
Defining the model-Ch#2
Techniques for geometric modelling-Ch#3
Elements of Interactive computer graphics-Ch#4
Entity manipulation and data storage-Ch#5
Standards for CAD-Ch#6
Other related topics

Introduction to
CAD/CAM
• Airbus380 The world's largest passenger

airliner, $0.5B, 853 passenger Max, 16K
Km range..
– 1988-Concept
– 1990 Project announcement
– 1994 Product announcement
– 2000 Restructured after recession
‘97~2k
– 2001 Design completed
– 2002 Component production
– 2005 Test flight
– September 2006, the first full
passenger-carrying
– October 2007 delivered to
Singapore Airlines
• Major structural sections of the A380 are
built in France, Germany, Spain, and the
United Kingdom
• Delays attributed to the 530 km (330 mi) of
wiring, complexity of the cabin wiring
(98,000 wires and 40,000 connectors)
• Concurrent design and production,
Introduction • High degree of customisation for each
airline, and
to CAD/ • failures of configuration management and
CAM change control. The German and Spanish
Airbus facilities continued to use CATIA
version 4, while British and French sites
migrated to version 5. This caused overall
configuration management problems,
• Lost revenue $5B and penalties from
airliners
Design Process
• We see the touch of engineers
everywhere-building,
equipments, vehicles, rails, etc
• Now many products are very
complex, need large team to
collaborate the product
CAD/CAM development and
manufacturing. Increased
Introduction performance, quality and
sophistication.
• Need to shorten time and cost
due to competition.
• So need computer help i.e. CAD
Design brief
|
Designer-explore ways
Process |
Design analyst-Analysis and Simulation
for |
Development/research engineers-carry expt.
bringing |
work on prototypes and refine design
a Process planner-identify process and

operations required
product |
Production planner and controller-schedule of
production
to market |
Models of Design
Process
Formal description of the stages or elements of design
process. Though there are variation in terminology
and in detail, they agreed a step-by stem manner
• Phal and Beitz Model
• Oshuga Model
Phal and Beitz Model
Ohsuga
Model
Modelling and
communication
• Design model and models of design process?
• Design is abstract until manufactured.
• So we need models to evaluate, manipulate and
refine. Models are used for recording and
manipulating ideas and provide a basis for
evaluation of the design.
• Models have a major role in the communication of
design between participants in the process
Types of design
model
• Varity of representation is required from
preliminary layout to complete design.
• Models depend on what design property
to be modelled, who or what is target or
receiver
• Model the function of a design, structure,
form, shape, surface condition,
dimension, material etc.
• It may be mathematical model
Applications of
design Models
• Evaluating Action-to assess the
properties and merits of design
• Generative Action-Generate
information from model for
use downstream of the design
process, usually in order to
progress its manufacture
• In both case extraction of
information from model is
necessary
Applications of design Models
Design Analyst do- Manufacturing engineers.

A visual assessment Extract info for tooling
Mass of the component For control of production machine.
Evaluation of stresses
• Traditional: design descriptions are produced in
the form of engineering drawing..etc. by design
department, then design is sent for analytical
evaluation, and for preparation of plans and
instructions for manufacture.
• If manufacturing specialist and design analyst

Traditional find issues, they send it back to design
department which is than reissue the design. In
design aerospace manuf. Avg. drawing change is 4.5
times.
process and
• Designer concentrate on functional aspects at
Concurrent the expense of ease of manufacturing,
maintainability etc.
Engineering
• Concurrent Engineering aims to overcome all
these issues by bringing together a design team
with appropriate combination of specialist
expertise. Where CE is not suitable
• Both Phal & Beitz Model and Ohsuga
Model are traditional view (sequential
models)-sequence of design stages,
followed by manufacturing.
• However pressure to reduce product
design and development time-scales
leading companies to conduct design,
development, analysis and the
Concurrent preparation of manufacturing
Engineering information in parallel.
• This concept is know as Concurrent
Engineering.
• Mainly used by those companies which
have established products and where
new models are required at regular
intervals.
Over the wall vs. CE
Source: slideshare/
CAD in Modelling
Design progressively A series of models of Sequencially/ In Parallel, developed

refined in the abstract, various aspects of the Concurrently others Models of functional and other
until it is completely design are prepared extract info from these customer requirement s for the
defined for manufacture models and forms new design
models to assist them Models of constraints on
design, imposed by available
mat., manuf. Process etc.
Models of loads imposed on
design
Models to evaluate
performance of the design..
stress, thermal etc..
Use of Models in Design
Source: Advanced Prototyping With Parametric Prototypes

CAD System Architecture
CAD System consists of – Hardware, Software, data and
human knowledge and activities
Software - comprises of different elements or process data

stored in the database in different ways. These are
• Model definition
• Model manipulation
• Picture generation
• User interaction
• Database management
• Application-
• Utilities-color to display

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Intro to CAD

Credit: Dr. Nafis Ahmad

The design process and the role of CAD-Ch#1

Defining the model-Ch#2

Techniques for geometric modelling-Ch#3

Elements of Interactive computer graphics-Ch#4

Entity manipulation and data storage-Ch#5

Standards for CAD-Ch#6

Other related topics

• Airbus380 The world's largest passenger

a Process planner-identify process and

Design Analyst do- Manufacturing engineers.

• If manufacturing specialist and design analyst

Design progressively A series of models of Sequencially/ In Parallel, developed

Source: Advanced Prototyping With Parametric Prototypes

Software - comprises of different elements or process data

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