Chap.

8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

Foundation Design Principles and Practices 3rd Edition

by Coduto Kitch Yeung ISBN 0133411893 9780133411898
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8.1 A 1.5 m square footing and carries a column with a service load of 105 kN. It is founded at a
depth of 2 m on a medium stiff clay with an undrained shear strength of 42 kPa, an
overconsolidation ratio of 4, and a plasticity index of 35. The clay layer is 5 m thick and overlies
a very stiff shale. Estimate the undrained settlement of the footing based using the generalized
elastic method with Christian and Carrier’s (1978) influence factors.

Solution
Determine the influence factors, Io and I1

Df/B = 2/1.5 = 1.3. From Figure 8.2, Io = 0.94

Zh/B =5/1.5 = 3.3. From Figure 8.2, I1 = 0.6

Estimate E using Eq. 4.47 and Figure 4.33. With OCR = 4 and PI = 35,  = 300

E = Su = (300)(420 kN/m2) = 12,600 kPa

(105 kN)(1.5 m)
 = (0.94)(0.6) = 0.0031 m = 3.1 mm
(1.5 m) 2 (12, 600 kPa)

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-1
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.2 A 250-k column load is to be supported on a 9 ft square footing embedded 2 ft below the ground
surface. The underlying soil is a silty sand with an average N60 of 32 and a unit weight of
129 lb/ft3. The groundwater table is at a depth of 35 ft. Estimate the undrained settlement of the
footing using the generalized elastic method with Christian and Carrier’s (1978) influence factors.

Solution
Determine the influence factors, Io and I1

Df/B = 2/9 = 0.2. From Figure 8.2, Io = 0.99

Zh/B =35/9 = 3.8. From Figure 8.2, I1 = 0.6

(250, 000 lb) +(150 lb/ft 3 )(9 ft)2 (2 ft)

q= = 3,386 lb/ft 2
(9 ft) 2
From Eq. 4.48 E =  0 OCR + 1 N 60

From Table 4.7 0 = 50, 000 lb/ft 2 and 1 = 12,000 lb/ft 2

0.47P N m (0.47)(2, 000 lb/ft 2 )(32)0.8 15, 040
From Eq. 4.29 OCR = a 60
= = = 3.15  3
 'z (129 lb/ft 3 )(2 ft) + (129 lb/ft 3 )(35 ft) 4, 773
E = 50, 000 3 + 12, 000(32) = 470, 062 lb/ft 2
9 ft
From Eq. 8.5  = (0.99)(0.6)(3,386 lb/ft 2 ) = 0.038 ft = 0.5 in
470,062 lb/ft 2

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-2
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.3 Repeat Problem 8.2 using Schmertmann’s method, compute the settlement of this footing at t = 50
yr.
Solution
t = 50 yr
I H
From Eq. 8.17  = C1C2C3 ( q −  zD ) 
Es
Depth of Influence Factor = 2B = 2(9) = 18 ft

q = 3,386 lb/ft 2 , E = 470, 062 lb/ft 2 , (Problem 8.2)

 zD
 = (129 ft/lb 3 )(2 ft) = 258 lb/ft 2
 zD   258 lb/ft 2 
From Eq. 8.18 C1 = 1− 0.5   = 1− 0.5   = 0.958
q −  3,386 lb/ft 2 − 258 lb/ft 2
 zD   
 50 
From Eq. 8.19 C2 = 1+ 0.2 log   = 1.54
 0.1 
1.03 − 0.03L/B
From Eq. 8.20 C3 = max   =1
0.73
 
 zp (at z = D + B 2) =  H − u =(129 lb/ft )(2 ft + 9 2 ft) − 0 = 839 lb/ft 2
3

q −  zD 3, 386 lb/ft 2 − 258 lb/ft 2

From Eq. 8.11 I p = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.693
 zp 839 lb/ft 2

Layer Es zf Iε H
No. (lb/ft2) (ft) Eqs. 8.12 & 8.13 (ft) 
1 470,000 1.5 0.298 3.0 Iε H /Es
2 470,000 4.5 0.693 3.0 1.90 × 10-6
-6
3 470,000 7.5 0.539 3.0 4.42 × 10
-6
4 470,000 10.5 0.385 3.0 3.44 × 10
-6
5 470,000 13.5 0.231 3.0 2.46 × 10
-6
6 470,000 16.5 0.077 3.0 1.48 × 10
-7
Σ= 4.91 × 10
-5
1.26 × 10

 = (0.958)(1.54)(1)(3,386 lb/ft 2 − 258 lb/ft 2 )(1.40 10−5 ) = 0.059 ft = 0.71in

Say  = 3/4 in

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-3
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.4 A 1.8 m square, 2 m deep footing supports a service load of 570 kN. It is supported on a clayey
sand. A dilatometer test run at the site has returned the following modulus profile.

Depth (m) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
M (MPa) 7.7 8.8 10.2 14.8 15.4 10.8 11.6 11.6 13.1 13.8 13.4

Compute the footing settlement.

Solution
Assume unit weight of clayey sand = 17.3 kN/m3

(540 kN) +(23.6 kN/m3 )(1.8 m)2 (2 m)

q= − (17.3 kN/m 3 )(2 m) = 179.3 kPa
(1.8 m)2

Depth H M Iq Δσz = qʹ  Iq  = (Δσz H)/M

(m) (m) (MPa) From Eq. 3.14 (kPa) (m)
2 1 7.7 0.921 165.2 0.0215
3 1 8.8 0.418 74.9 0.0085
4 1 10.2 0.193 34.6 0.0034
5 1 14.8 0.107 19.1 0.0013
6 1 15.4 0.067 12.0 0.0008
7 1 10.8 0.045 8.1 0.0008
8 1 11.6 0.033 5.9 0.0005
9 1 11.6 0.025 4.5 0.0004
10 1 13.1 0.019 3.5 0.0003
11 1 13.8 0.016 2.8 0.0002
12 1 13.4 0.013 2.3 0.0002
0.0377 m

40 mm

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-4
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.5 Develop a spreadsheet to compute settlement of square footings using the incremental constrained
modulus method. The spreadsheet should allow input of: footing width, depth of footing, column
service load, and modulus as a function of depth. You will need to compute the stress distribution
of the applied stress using techniques discussed in Section 3.3 in order to compute the settlement.

Solution
A number of solutions are available. See instructor spreadsheets for some examples.

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-5
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.6 Develop a spreadsheet to compute settlement of square footings using Schmertmann’s method.
The spreadsheet should allow input of: footing width, depth of footing, depth of water table, unit
weight of soil, column service load, and Es as a function of depth.

Solution
A number of solutions are available. See instructor spreadsheets for some examples.

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-6
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.7 A 190-k column load is to be supported on a 10-ft square, 3-ft deep spread footing underlain by
young, normally consolidated sandy soils. The results of a representative CPT sounding at this
site are as follows:

Depth (ft) 0.0–6.0 6.0–10.0 10.0–18.0 18.0–21.0 21.0–40.0

2
qc (kg/cm ) 30 51 65 59 110

The groundwater table is at a depth of 15 ft; the unit weight of the soil is 124 lb/ft3 above the
groundwater table and 130 lb/ft3 below. Using Schmertmann's method, compute the total settlement
of this footing 30 years after construction.
Solution
From Table 4.8, use Es = 3qc

1 lb/ft 2 = 0.0004824 kg/cm 2

Depth (ft) qc (kg/cm2) Es (lb/ft2)

0.0–6.0 30 186,567
6.0–10.0 51 317,164
10.0–18.0 65 404,229
18.0–21.0 59 366,915
21.0–40.0 110 684,080

(190, 000 lb) +(150 lb/ft 3 )(10 ft)2 (3 ft )

q= − 0 = 2, 350 lb/ft 2
(10 ft) 2
Depth of Influence Factor = 2B = 2(10) = 20 ft

 zD
 = (124 lb/ft 3 )(3 ft) = 372 lb/ft 2
 zp (at z = D + B 2) =   H − u =(124 lb/ft 3 )(3 ft +10 2 ft) − 0 = 992 lb/ft 2

q −  zD 2, 350 lb/ft 2 − 372 lb/ft 2

From Eq. 8.11 I p = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.641
 zp 992 lb/ft 2

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-7
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

Layer Es zf Iε H
No. (lb/ft2) (ft) Eqs. 8.14 & 8.15 (ft) Iε H /Es
1 186,567 1.0 0.208 2.0 2.23 × 10-6
-6
2 186,567 3.0 0.425 2.0 4.55 × 10
-6
3 317,164 5.0 0.641 2.0 4.04 × 10
-6
4 317,164 6.0 0.599 2.0 3.77 × 10
-6
5 404,229 10.0 0.428 4.0 4.23 × 10
-6
6 404,229 14.0 0.257 4.0 2.54 × 10
-7
7 366,915 18.0 0.086 4.0 9.32 × 10
Σ= 2.23 × 10-5
  zD   372 lb/ft 2 
From Eq. 8.18 C1 = 1− 0.5   = 1− 0.5   = 0.905
q −  2,350 lb/ft 2 − 372 lb/ft 2
 zD   
 30 
From Eq. 8.19 C2 = 1+ 0.2 log   = 1.5
 0.1 
1.03 − 0.03L/B
From Eq. 8.20 C3 = max   =1
0.73
 
I H
From Eq. 8.17  = ( q −  zD )  = (0.905)(1.5)(1)(2,350 2
− 372 lb/ft 2 )(2.2310−5 ) = 0.060 ft = 0.72 in
C1C2 C3 Es lb/ft

Say  = 3/4 in

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-8
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.8 A 650-kN column load is supported on a 1.5-m wide by 2.0-m long by 0.5 m deep spread footing.
The soil below is a well graded, normally consolidated sand with γ = 18.0 kN/m3 and the
following SPT N60 values:

Depth (m) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

N60 12 13 13 8 22

The groundwater table is at a depth of 25 m. Compute settlement of the footing using the
generalized elastic method with Christian and Carrier’s (1978) influence factors.

Solution
(650 kN) + (23.6 kN/m 3 )(1.5 m)(2.0 m)(0.5 m)
q= − 0 = 228.5 kPa
(1.5 m  2.0 m)

Normally consolidated, OCR = 1

From Eq. 4.48 E =  0 OCR + 1 N 60

From Table 4.7  0 = 5,000 kPa and 1 = 1, 200 kPa

At D = 1 m E = 5000 1 + 1200(12) = 19, 400 kPa

Depth (m) N60 E (kPa)

1.0 12 19,400
2.0 13 20,600
3.0 13 20,600
4.0 8 14,600
5.0 22 31,400
Ave = 21,320

From Figure 8.2

For Df/B = 0.5/105 = 0.3  I0 = 0.98
For L/B = 2/1.5 = 1.3 and zf/B =   I1 = 0.75

From Equation 8.5

228.5 kPa (1.5 m )
 = ( 0.98)( 0.75 ) = 0.0118 m = 11.8 mm
21, 320 kPa
Say  = 12 mm

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-9
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.9 Repeat problem 8.8 using Schmertmann’s method, compute the total settlement at t = 30 yr
Solution
t = 30 yr
IH
From Eq. 8.17  = C1C2C3 ( q −  zD )  
Es
Depth of Influence Factor = 4B = 4(1.5) = 6
q = 228.5 kPa, E varies with depth, (Problem 8.8)
 zD = (18)(0.5) = 9 kPa
    9 kPa
From Eq. 8.18 C

= 1− 0.5 zD
= 1− 0.5 = 0.98
   
q −  228.5 kPa − 9 kPa
1

  zD  
 30 
From Eq. 8.19 C2 = 1+ 0.2 log   = 1.50
 0.1 
1.03 − 0.03L/B
From Eq. 8.20 C3 = max   =1
0.73
 
 zp (at z = D + B) =  H − u =(18 kN/m 3 )(0.5 m +1.5 m) − 0 = 36 kPa

q − zD 228.5 kPa −9 kPa

From Eq. 8.11 I p = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.5 + 0.1 = 0.993
 zp 9 kPa
Layer Es zf Iε H 
No. (kPa) (m) Eqs. 8.14 & 8.15 (m) Iε H /Es
1 19,400 0.25 0.332 0.5 8.56 × 10-6
-5
2 19,400 0.75 0.597 0.5 1.54× 10
-5
3 20,600 1.25 1.047 0.5 2.54 × 10
-5
4 20,600 1.75 0.937 0.5 2.27 × 10
-5
5 20,600 2.5 0.772 1.0 3.75 × 10
-5
6 14,600 3.0 0.661 1.0 4.53 × 10
-6
7 31,400 5.75 0.055 3.5 6.14 × 10
Σ= 1.61 × 10-4
I H
 = C C C q − 
1 2 3 (
zD ) Es
= ( 0.98) (1.50 ) (1) ( 228.5 kPa − 9 kPa ) (1.61x10−4 )
= 0.052 m = 52 mm

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-10
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.10 A 300-k column load is to be supported on a 10-ft square, 4-ft deep spread footing. Cone
penetration tests have been conducted at this site, and the results are shown in Figure 8.8. The
groundwater table is at a depth of 6 ft, γ = 121 lb/ft3, and γsat = 125 lb/ft3 .

a. Compute the settlement of this footing using a spreadsheet.

b. The design engineer is considering the use of vibroflotation to densify the soils at this site (see
discussion in Chapter 26). This process would increase the qc values by 70 percent, and make the
soil slightly overconsolidated. The unit weights would increase by 5 lb/ft3. Use a spreadsheet to
compute the settlement of a footing built and loaded after densification by vibroflotation.

Solution
A number of solutions are possible.

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-11
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.11 A proposed office building will include an 8-ft 6-in square, 3-ft deep spread footing that will
support a vertical downward service load of 160 k. The soil below this footing is an
overconsolidated clay (OC case I) with the following engineering properties: Cc/(1 + e0) = 0.10,
Cr/(1 + e0) = 0.022, and γ = 113 lb/ft3. This soil strata extends to a great depth and the
groundwater table is at a depth of 50 ft below the ground surface. Determine the total settlement
of this footing.

Solution
(160, 000 lb) +(150 lb/ft 3)(8.5 ft) 2(3 ft)
q= − 0 = 2,667 lb/ft 2
(8.5 ft 8.5 ft) 2

C  zf 
From Eq. 8.24  c = r  r H log
 
1+ e0   z 0  , Assume r = 0.85
 zD
 = (113 lb/ft 3 )(3 ft) = 339
lb/ft 2

Depth of Influence = 2B = 2(8.5) = 17 ft

At midpoint of soil layer

Layer H σ'z0 Δσz σ'zf Cr δc
No. (ft) zf (ft) (lb/ft2) (lb/ft2) (lb/ft2) Case 1+ e 0 (in)
1 1 0.5 396 2327 2722 OC-I 0.022 0.22
2 3 2.5 622 2115 2115 OC-I 0.022 0.51
3 5 6.5 1074 1084 1084 OC-I 0.022 0.40
4 7 12.5 1752 408 408 OC-I 0.022 0.17
5 10 21.0 2712 159 159 OC-I 0.022 0.07
6 12 32.0 3955 71 71 OC-I 0.022 0.02
7 15 45.5 5481 35 35 OC-I 0.022 0.01
8 17 61.5 7289 19 19 OC-I 0.022 0.01
Σ= 1.40

 = (0.85)1.40 = 1.19 in Say  = 1.2 in

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-12
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.12 A 1.0-m square, 0.5-m deep footing carries a downward service load of 200 kN. It is underlain by
an overconsolidated clay (OC case I) with the following engineering properties: Cc = 0.20,
Cr = 0.05, e0 = 0.7, and γ = 15.0 kN/m3 above the groundwater table and 16.0 kN/m3 below. The
groundwater table is at a depth of 1.0 m below the ground surface. Determine the total settlement
of this footing.

Solution
(200 kN) + (23.6 kN/m 3 )(1 m)2 (0.5 m)
q= − 0 = 212 kPa
(1.0 m 1.0 m) 2
 'z D = (15.0 kN/m 3 )(0.5 m) = 7.5 kPa

Depth of Influence = 2B = 2(1) = 2 m

C   
From Eq. 8.24  c = r c H log zf , Assume r = 0.85

1+ e0   z 0 
 

At midpoint of layer
Layer H Δσz σ'zf Cr δc

No. (m) zf (m) σ'z0 (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) Case 1 +e0 (mm)
1 0.25 0.13 9 203.1 212.5 OC-I 0.02 6.78
2 0.25 0.38 13 170.6 183.8 OC-I 0.02 5.73
3 0.5 0.75 17 97.4 114.0 OC-I 0.02 8.38
4 0.5 1.25 20 47.0 66.7 OC-I 0.02 5.31
5 1 2.0 24 20.7 45.0 OC-I 0.02 5.35
6 1 3.0 31 9.6 40.1 OC-I 0.02 2.38
7 2 4.5 40 4.4 44.2 OC-I 0.02 1.81
Σ= 35.7

 = (0.85) 35.7 = 30.3 mm Say  = 30 mm

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-13
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.13 Prepare a spreadsheet to compute settlement of square footings using the e-LOG-p method. The
spreadsheet should allow input of: footing width, footing depth, ground water depth, column service
load, footing rigidity factor and Cr/(1 + e0), Cr/(1 + e0), σʹm, and  as function of depth. Check
your spreadsheet using a hand solution to Problem 8.12.

Solution
A number of solutions are available. See instructor spreadsheets for some examples.

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-14
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.14 Using a spreadsheet and the data in Problem 8.11, determine the required footing width to obtain
a total settlement of no more than 1.0 in. Select a width that is a multiple of 3 in. Would it be
practical to build such a footing?

Solution

B = 5 ft or 60 in
T = 0.99 in  1.0 in
Yes, it will be practical to construct such a footing.

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-15
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 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.15 Using a spreadsheet and the data in Problem 8.12, determine the required footing width to obtain
a total settlement of no more than 25 mm. Select a width that is a multiple of 100 mm. Would it
be practical to build such a footing?

Solution

B = 0.6 m or 600 mm
T = 24.6 mm  25 mm,
Yes, it will be practical to construct such a footing.

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-16
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.16 A steel frame office building with no diagonal bracing will be supported on spread footings
founded in a natural clay. The computed total settlement of these footings is 20 mm. Compute
the differential settlement.

Solution
 total =20 mm
D
= 0.8

 D = (0.8)(20 mm) = 16 mm

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-17
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.17 A reinforced concrete building with numerous concrete shear walls will be supported on spread
footings founded in a compacted sand. The computed total settlement of these footings is 0.6 in.
Compute the differential settlement.

Solution
 total = 0.6 in
D
= 0.6

 D = (0.6)(0.6 in) = 0.24 in

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-18
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.18 A proposed building is to be supported on a series of spread footings embedded 36 inches into the
ground. The underlying soils consist of silty sands with N60 = 30, an estimated overconsolidation
ratio of 2, and γ = 118 lb/ft3. This soil strata extends to a great depth and the groundwater table is
at a depth of 10-ft below the ground surface. The allowable settlement is 1.0 in. Using a
spreadsheet, develop a plot of allowable column load vs. footing width.

Solution
Shown below is an example of a column load, 50-k meeting the allowable settlement of 1.0 in..

Column load Footing width

(k) (ft)

50 5

80 6

120 7

150 8

180 9

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-19
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.19 A proposed building is to be supported on a series of spread footings embedded 36 inches into the
ground. The underlying soils consist of silty clays with Cc/(1 + e0) = 0.12, Cr/(1 + e0) = 0.030,
σ′m = 5000 lb/ft2, and γ = 118 lb/ft3. This soil strata extends to a great depth and the groundwater
table is at a depth of 10 ft below the ground surface. The allowable settlement is 1.0 in. Using a
spreadsheet, develop a plot of allowable column load vs. footing width.

Solution
Shown below is an example of a column load, 50-k meeting the allowable settlement of 1.0 in..
Since σ′m = 5000 lb/ft2 > q (lb/ft2), the soil is overconsolidated case I.

Column load Footing width

(k) (ft)

50 5

80 8

120 12

150 15

180 18

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-20
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.20 A 3-ft square, 2-ft deep footing carries a column load of 28.2 k. An architect is proposing to build
a new 4 ft wide, 2 ft deep continuous footing adjacent to this existing footing. The side of the
new footing will be only 6 inches away from the side of the existing footing. The new footing
will carry a load of 12.3 k/ft.

Develop a plot of Δσz due to the new footing vs. depth along a vertical line beneath the center of
the existing footing. This plot should extend from the bottom of the existing footing to a depth of
35 ft below the bottom of this footing.

Solution

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-21
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.21 Using the data from Problem 8.20, Cr/(1 + e0) = 0.08 and γ = 119 lb/ft3, compute the consolidation
settlement of the old footing due to the construction and loading of the new footing. The soil is an
overconsolidated (case I) silty clay, and the groundwater table is at a depth of 8 ft below the
ground surface.

Solution
Old Footing due to construction (3 ft square footing)

(28, 200 lb) +(150 lb/ft 3 )(3 ft)2 (2 ft )

q= − 0 = 3,433 lb/ft 2
(3 ft  3 ft) 2

Cr  zf 
From Eq. 8.24  c = r  H log
 
1+ e0   z 0  , Assume r = 0.85

 zD
 = (119 lb/ft 3 )(2 ft) = 238 lb/ft 2

Depth of Influence = 2B = 2(3.0) = 6 ft

In order to compute the settlement due to construction and loading of the new footing, increase
the induced vertical stresses (Δσz) based on the new footing (continuous) to the old footing
(square).

At midpoint of soil layer

Layer H σ'z0 Δσz σ'zf Cr δc
No. (ft) zf (ft) (lb/ft2) (lb/ft2) (lb/ft2) Case 1+ e 0 (in)
1 1 0.5 298 3122 3419 OC-I 0.08 1.02
2 1 1.5 417 2620 3036 OC-I 0.08 0.83
3 2.5 3.3 625 1632 2257 OC-I 0.08 1.34
4 2.5 5.8 922 944 1866 OC-I 0.08 0.73
5 3.5 8.8 1108 494 1602 OC-I 0.08 0.54
6 3.5 12.3 1306 195 1501 OC-I 0.08 0.20
7 4.5 16.3 1532 127 1659 OC-I 0.08 0.15
8 4.5 20.8 1787 85 1872 OC-I 0.08 0.09
9 5.5 25.8 2070 57 2127 OC-I 0.08 0.06
10 5.5 31.3 2381 40 2421 OC-I 0.08 0.04
11 6 37.0 2707 34 2740 OC-I 0.08 0.03
Σ= 4.32

 = (0.85)4.32 = 3.67 in Say  = 4.0 in

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-22
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.
 Chap. 8 Spread Footings-Geotechnical Serviceability Limit States

8.22 Using a spreadsheet and the subsurface data from Example 8.5, develop a plot of footing width, B,
vs. column load, P, for square spread footings embedded 3 ft below the ground surface. Develop
a P vs. B curve for each of the following settlements: 0.5 in, 1.0 in, and 1.5 in, and present all
three curves on the same diagram.

Solution
A number of solutions are available. See instructor spreadsheets for some examples.

Solutions Manual
Foundation Engineering: Principles and Practices, 3rd Ed 8-23
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and written permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.