Cabatuan National Comprehensive High School

Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions

Lesson 5
(Subject, Function, Medium, Technique, Organization, & Style)

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the chapter, the student is expected to:
1. Show understanding of the materials and techniques
2. Discriminate among various materials and techniques
3. Research and techniques and performance practices applied to contemporary arts;
4. Identify local materials used in creating art;
5. Critique available materials and appropriate techniques;
6. Justify the use of materials and the application of techniques.
What I Need to know
1. Subject – serves as the foundation of the creation of the work of art. The subject matter is
the most obvious aspect of an artwork. It is what the work of art depicts or represents. It may
be a person, an object, a scene, or an event.
2. Subject Vs Content
Subject Matter Content
 Literal visible image in a work  Includes the connotative, symbolic, and
 e.g. still life, portrait landscape etc. suggestive aspects of the image
 Communication of ideas, feelings and
reactions connected with the subject

3. Types of Visual Art according to subject:

A. Representational/Figurative Art
 Represents actual abject or subjects from reality
 Artwork which are based on image which can be found in the objective world
B. Non-representational/Non-objective Art
 Artwork does not represent or depict a person, place or thing in natural world
 Usually, the content of the work is its color, shapes, brushstrokes, size, scale, and in
some cases, its process
4. Ways of Presenting the Subject Matter in the Visual Art
1. History – genre in painting defined by subject matter rather than an artistic style.
Historical paintings depict a moment in history rather than a stationary subject such as
portrait.
2. Religion – any artwork which illustrate the worship of any god or deity; or any artwork
with a Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, Bahai. Or Jainist theme. Any artistic
imagery using religious inspiration and motifs and is often intended to uplift the mind to
the spiritual
3. Mythological – is a term used to describe art forms that draw on myth for their subject
matter. They are usually gods, supernatural heroes, and humans involved in extraordinary
events or circumstances in a time that is unspecified but which is understood as existing
apart from ordinary human experience.
4. Nature
a. Landscape – is a painting, drawing, or photograph which covers the depiction of
outdoor or natural scenery such as mountain, valleys, trees, rivers, and forest.
b. Cityscape - is a painting, drawing, or photograph with urban scenery or the urban
environment as its primary focus.
c. Seascape - is a painting, drawing, or photograph which depicts the sea as its
primary subject.
d. Flora – A Latin word referring the goddess of flowers. It is also referring to a group of
plants, a disquisition of a group of plants, as well as to bacteria.
e. Fauna – refer to animal life or classification of animals of a certain region, time
period, or environment.
5. Genre – is a painting or photograph, or other artistic representation of subjects from
everyday life, usually small in scale.
 6. Portrait – is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a
person.
7. Nude – is a work of fine art that has as its primary subject the unclothed human body. The
nude figure has been seen as representing innocence and purity as well as sensuality and
sexuality.
8. Still life – anything that does not move or is dead, it also includes all kinds of man-made
or natural objects, cut flowers, fruit, vegetables, fish, game, wine and so on.
9. Surrealistic - explores the marvelous and irrational as a valid form of reality, in an effort
to make art ambiguous and strange. The images are recognizable but are combined with
fantastic and unnatural relationships.
10.Abstract Art – the word abstract strictly speaking means to separate or withdraw
something from something else. Abstract art applies to art in which the artist has started
with some visible object and abstracted elements from it to arrive at a more or less
simplified or schematized form.
5. Function – refers to the direct and practical usefulness of the art.
3 Categories of Functions of Art
a. Personal Functions – the most difficult to explain in any great detail. An artist may
create out of need for self-expression, or gratification.
b. Social Functions – it addresses the aspects of collective of life, as opposed to one
person’s of view or experience. For example, political art always carries a social
function.
c. Physical Functions – work of art that are created to perform some service have
physical function. Architecture, craftwork and industrial design are all types of art
have physical functions.
6. Medium and Technique
Medium – refers to the materials which are used by an artist to create works of art to
interpret his feelings or thoughts.
Technique – is the manner in which the artist controls the medium to achieve the desired
effect. It is the ability with which the artist fulfills the technical requirements of his
particular work of art. It has something to do with the way he manipulates his medium to
express his ideas in the artwork.
7. Two-Dimensional Media – artwork such as drawing and painting are used crayons, paints
pastels, and pencils.
 Drawing is often the first step in making an artwork. The most popular drawing
media are graphite pencils, colored pencils, crayons, colored makers, pen, pastels,
and chalk.
 Painting is the process of applying colors such as canvass, paper, or wood, using
tools such as a brush, a painting knife, a roller, or even your fingers.
 Printing an artist repeatedly transfers an original image from one prepared surface
to another.
8. Three-Dimensional Media – artist used media, like clay and plastic, to make solid forms
that have height, width, and depth.
 Sculpture an artwork used clay, glass, plastics, wood, stone, or metal.
 Architecture it is the planning and creation of buildings.
9. Technological Media – artists constantly seek out new media, leading to many new forms of
art, such as photography, film, video and computer art.
10. Organization – refers to the order in an artwork. It refers to the ways elements are
arranged, combined, and configured to make a whole.
11. Organization in the Visual Art
Principles of Organization
1. Rhythm – can be described as timed movement through space; an easy, connected path
along which the eye follows a regular arrangement of motifs.
2. Emphasis – is also referred to as a point of focus, or interruption.
3. Unity - is the underlying principle that summarizes all of the principles and elements of
design. It refers to the coherence of the whole, the sense that all of the parts are working
together to achieve a common result; a harmony of all the parts.
4. Balance – is the condition or quality which gives a feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium, or
stability.
a. Symmetrical balance – can be described as having equal “weight” on equal sides a
centrally placed fulcrum.
b. Asymmetrical balance – also called informal balance, is more complex and difficult
to envisage
 5. Proportion – is the principle which shows the pleasing relationship between a whole and its
parts and between the parts themselves. It is the arrangement of space division in
pleasing relationships.
12. Visual Plans of Art
1. Radial Plan – The major lines radiating from a center point. We can find a strong sense of
unity, wholeness, strength, a feeling of oneness and concentration because everything is
focused on one central point of idea.
2. Pyramid Plan – has main elements that form a triangle. The pyramid point often offers a
feeling of solidity, stability, and concreteness on the bottom, even while the top soars or
points to the sky or heavens.
3. Rectangular Plan – has a main object that forms an upright or vertical rectangle or column.
The resulting feeling may be that the object we see is huge-and fills up all of the reality.
4. Parallel or Bisected Plan – has two sides that are parallel to each other. The bisected plan
offers balance of harmony-as nature and life, things are repeated.
5. The mixed plan – has two or more of the above plans used to create its basic form. The
mixed plan offers several emotional feelings, sometimes in harmony with each other and
sometimes competing on purpose.
6. The breakaway plan – has the elements that breakaway form, or disobey, the other plans.
The feelings we get from such breakaways are surprise, confusion, and interruption.
13. Style – is a characteristic, or a number of characteristics that we can identify as constant,
recurring or coherent. In art, style refers to the sum of such characteristics associated with
particular artist, group, or culture, or with an artist’s work at a specific time.

14. Major Historical Periods of arts

1. Prehistoric Art 11. Renaissance Art

2. Ancient Mesopotamia Art 12. Mannerist Art
3. Ancient Egyptian Art 13. Baroque Art
4. Ancient Greek Art 14. Rococo Art
5. Ancient Roman Art 15. Neoclassical Art
6. Early Christian Art 16. Early 19th Century Art
7. Byzantine Art 17. Late 19th Century Art
8. Medieval Art 18. Early 20th Century Art
9. Romanesque Art 19. Late 20th Century Art
10.Gothic Art

15. Schools of Modern Art

1. Abstract Expressionism 17. Installation Art

2. Art Deco 18. International Style
3. Art Nouveau 19. Land Art
4. Bauhaus 20. Minimalism
5. Color Field Painting 21. Neo-Expressionism
6. Conceptual Art 22. Neo-Impressionism
7. Constructivism 23. Op Art
8. Cubism 24. Photorealism
9. Dadaism 25. Pop Art
10. De Stijl 26. Post-Impressionism
11. Environmental Art 27. Post-minimalism
12. Expressionism 28. Primitivism
13. Fauvism 29. Site Art
14. Feminist Art 30. Suprematism
15. Futurism 31. Surrealism
16. Impressionism 32. Symbolism

Prepared by:

MARK C. ARGUELLLES TIII

 Subject Teacher
Cabatuan National Comprehensive High School
Senior High School Department

Cabatuan National Comprehensive High School

Senior High School

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions

Lesson 6
(The Visual Arts: A Feast for the Eyes)

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the chapter, the student is expected to:
1. Consolidate relevant concepts to plan for a production
2. Design a production using available materials and appropriate techniques
3. Conceptualize contemporary art based on techniques and performance practices in their
locality;
4. Apply artistic skills and techniques in the process of creation;
5. Incorporate contemporary characteristics to one’s creation with attention to detail;
6. Create the intended final product using appropriate materials for the best possible output.
What I need to know
1. What is Painting?
Painting is the application of paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface. It is the
art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of pigments.
Pigments are vegetable or mineral extracts which make up the coloring matter of paint.
The prepared pigment is mixed with the vehicle which is liquid part.
2. Functions of Painting
 Paintings in the museums preserves for its historical value
 To symbolize present situations
 Used for office and home decoration
 Have impact to us, we feel and understand what the painter is trying to convey and
resembles part of personality
3. Painting Media
1. Acrylic paint – is a synthetic paint, with pigments dispersed in a synthetic vehicle made
from polymerized acrylic acid esters, the most important of which polymethyl
methacrylate.
2. Encaustic – is a medium, technique or process of painting with molten wax, resin, and
pigments that are fused after application into a continuous layer and fix to a support
with heat, and achieves lustrous enamel appearance.
3. Fresco – is a method of painting on plaster, either dry or wet.
4. Gouache – is a heavy, opaque watercolor paint, sometimes body color, producing a less
wet-appearing and more strongly colored picture than ordinary watercolor.
5. Magna paint – are permanent pigments ground in an acrylic resin with solvent and
plasticizer.
6. Oil Paint – is a slow drying paint made when pigments are mixed with an oil, linseed oil
being most traditional.
7. Pastel – is an art medium in the form of stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and
a binder.
8. Tempera – is a paint and process involving an egg emulsion of oil and water.
9. Watercolor – any paint that uses water as a solvent.
4. Elements of Painting
1. Distance – it is important to train oneself to look at each of these distance one after
other consecutively.
a. Foreground
 b. Background
c. Middle ground
2. Color
a. Hue – is the name of any color as found in its pure state in the spectrum or
rainbow, or that aspect of any color
b. Value - refers to the brightness or darken of a color.
c. Intensity - is the brightness or dullness of a hue or color
Warm colors – red, yellow and orange
Cool colors – blue, green and violet
Neutral colors – black, white and gray

Basic Color Theory

A. The color wheel - is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a
circle, which shows the relationships between primary colors, secondary
colors, tertiary colors etc.

 Primary colors – red, yellow & blue

 Secondary colors – these colors formed
by mixing the primary colors
 Tertiary colors – these are the colors
formed by mixing a primary and a
secondary color
B. Color Harmony – delivers visual interest
and a sense of order
Some Formulas for Color Harmony
 A color scheme based on analogous
colors
 A color scheme based on
complementary colors
 A color scheme based on nature
C. Color Context – how color behaves in
relation to other colors and shapes is a
complex area of color theory.
3. Light – affects the color of the subject and objects in the painting look real and solid if
the artist shows the way light falls on them.
4. Line – they lead your eye around the composition and can communicate information
thorough their character and direction.
 Horizontal line – feeling of rest
 Vertical line – sense of height
 Diagonal line – convey a feeling of movement
 Jagged or zigzag – connotes harshness, battle, war or even death
 Curve line – conveys energy and grace
5. Shape and Form – define object in space. Shape has only height and width.
 Geometric shape & forms – squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres and
cones.
 Organic shapes & form – are often found in nature.
6. Space – refers to a feeling of depth or three dimensions. It can also refer to the artist’s
use of the area within the picture plane.
 Negative space – area around the primary objects
 Positive space – space occupied by the primary objects
7. Composition – plan how they will arrange elements like color, line, and shapes in an
artwork.
8. Perspective – means viewpoint or vantage point
9. Texture – is the surface quality of a shape – rough, smooth soft, hard, glossy etc.
10.Symbols – can be dined as something which has a special meaning or a special
message.

Prepared by:
 MARK C. ARGUELLLES TIII
Subject Teacher
Cabatuan National Comprehensive High School
Senior High School Department