A TECHNICAL REPORT ON

SIX MONTHS STUDENT’S INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

SCHEME (SIWES)

DONE AT

STANDARD ORGANIZATION OF NIGERIA, ENGINEERING

LABORATORY ENUGU(SON)

LOCATED AT PRODA JUNCTION ENUGU-ABAKALIKI EXPRESS

ROAD EMENE INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT EMENE, ENUGU STATE

BY

NNAMANI CHIDERA JENNIFER

2020030193075

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,

FACULTY ENGINEERING, ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

IT SUPERVISOR: ENGR. DR UGWUANYI D. C

OCTOBER 2024.
 DEDICATION

I Dedicate this wholeheartedly to God almighty for the gift of life and family. And
to my parent, whom has been of great support to me during this period both
mentally, spiritually most importantly financially and otherwise.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I give utmost praise and gratitude to Almighty God, the author and finisher of my faith, who has

been my guiding light throughout my IT journey. Your divine wisdom, guidance, and strength

have carried me through challenges and triumphs.

I cannot forget my parents MR. and MRS. CHRISTOPHER NNAMANI and my lovely siblings,

My Mentor which are MY PARENTS they have not just been my inspiration but they mean the

world to me for having always been the source of my strength in dark moments, hard times and

trying days. May God in his infinite goodness repay every of their efforts.

My sincere appreciation also goes to my Supervisor Mrs. Emmanuel kalu and my lovely

instructor and coordinator Mr. Samson and Mr. Amulu A A whom have been of so much help to

me during this period of industrial training. For your effortless training, advice and also guiding

me through every step of the process. I really appreciate all that you do.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………I

DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………......................II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………......................III

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………......................1

1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES…...................................................................................1

1.2 SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE………….……….……………………………….…...1

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF SIWES………………………….……………….…………...….1

1.4 ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND………………….………............2

1.5 ROLE OF THE STUDENTS…………………………………………………….…....2

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 HISTROY OF SON ……………………….…………….……...…….……………...3

2.1 ORGINS ……………………………………………………….….……………..........3

2.3ADMINISTRATION ………………………………………….………….…………....3

2.4 ORGANOGRAM OF SON ………………………….…….........................................4

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 INTRODUCTION OF CASTING OF PRISM MOLD TEST
REPORT……………………………………………5

3.1 PURPOSE…………………………………………….5

3.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION……………………………………………….6

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3.4 TESTING PROCEDURES………………….……………………………………...7
3.5 OBSERVATION.…………………………………………………………………...7
3.6 DISCUSSION………………………………………………………...…....8
3.7 CONCLUSION …………………………………………………………………9
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DESKTOP FORMATTING ...……………………………………………….…......21
4.1 WHAT IS DESKTOP FORMATING………………………………………………21
4.2 REASONS FOR FORMATTING ………………………………………………......21
4.3 TYPES OF FORMATTING ……………………………………………………......21
4.4 PREPARING FOR FORMATTING ……………………………………………......2

4.9 CONCLUSION ……………….……………………………………………......23

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 COMPUTER NETWORKING.……………………………………………...…...24
5.1 CRIMMPING A STRAIGHT THROUGH CABLE…………………………….24
5.2 EQUIPMENT USED IN CRIMMPING NETWORK CABLES………….……...25
5.3 NETWORKING DEVICES ………………………………………………...…….25
5.4 TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK ……………………………………...…….27
5.5 LAN NETWORK ………………………………………………………...……….27

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 CONCLUTION…………………………………………………………………30
RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………………………………31
REFERENCE………………………………………………………………………...32

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Brief History of SIWES

Student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) was first started in Germany for like 10
decades ago before it was brought to Nigeria in 1974. It is a program under the umbrella of the
Ministry of Education through the industrial training fund (ITF). It is programs set to impact
positive knowledge on the students about the things they do theoretically in class to practical
work bringing to their understandings the ways of handling some industrial equipment in these
areas of specialization. It is an effort created to bridge the existing gap between teaching in the
classroom and the practice of science, agriculture engineering and other professions/programs in
the Nigeria tertiary institution.
This program involves the students, the university and the industries. It is funded by the federal
government through the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) of the Ministry of Education with the
National University Commission (NUC). a regulatory body for the Universities and its
counterfeit, for the Polytechnics, the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE). However,
five years later in 1984, the scheme was reverted back to the ITF which had continued to manage
it to date with funding being provided by the Federal Government. (Agunwa, 2012).

1.2 Scope and Importance of SIWES

SIWES is strategized for skill acquisition and development. IT is a platform for the preparation
of student for real life work experience. It prepares them for the work situation that they will
encounter after graduation. Therefore, SIWES is the key factor required to inject industrialization
and economic development in our nation by preparing students for the work requirement after
graduation. (Agunwa, 2012).

1.3 Importance of SIWES

 Prepare Students for the real work situation they will meet after graduation.

 Expose Students to work methods and techniques in the handling of equipment and
machinery that may not be available in school.

 Making the transition from academic institution to the labor market smooth and enhance
students contact for later job placement.

 Strengthen employer involvement in the entire educational process and prepare Students for
employment opportunities.

 Promote the desired technological know-how required for the advancement of the nation.
(Agunwa, 2012).
1.4 Role of the Industrial Training Fund (ITF)

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 Formulation of guidelines and policies on SIWES.

 Organization of orientation programs for students prior to SIWES attachment.

 Carry research into operations of SIWES and recommend improvements if need be.

 Supervise students on SIWES attachment.

 Disburse supervisory and student allowances.

 Provide Insurance cover for students on SIWES attachment. (Agunwa, 2012).

1.5 The Role of the Students

 Attend SIWES Orientation Program organized by Institution in conjunction with ITF.

 Be obedient to constituted authorities.

 Be regular and punctual to work.
 Avoid change of place of SIWES attachment outside the allowed time frame.
 To complete SPE-1 Form and get it endorsed by their employers who will forward some to
ITF.
 To record all training activities and other assignments in the log-book and complete ITF
Form-8 to ensure proper assessments. (Agunwa, 2012).

1.6 The Role of the Institution

 Establishment of SIWES units on Institutions and equipping them.

 Supervise Students on SIWES attachment and sign logbooks.

 Organize orientation courses in collaboration with ITF.

 Assess students Technical Reports and award grades.

 Submit comprehensive reports to supervising Agencies and ITF.

 Submit ITF Form 8 to ITF at the end of each SIWES year. (Agunwa, 2012).

CHAPTER TWO

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 INTRODUCTION OF STANDARD ORGANIZATION OF NIGERIA
ENGINEERING LABORATORY

The Standard Organization Of Nigeria Engineering Laboratory(SON) is a specialized

agency of the Federal Government of Nigeria, responsible for setting and enforcing standards for
products and services in Nigeria. The SON Engineering Laboratory is responsible for testing and
analyzing products to ensure they meet the required standards.
The laboratory provides testing services for both locally manufactured and imported products,
they are equipped to conduct test in various field, including electrical, mechanical, civil and
chemical engineering.

ORIGINS:
The SON Engineering Laboratory was established in 1971, as part of the standard organization
of Nigeria (SON), to promote consumer protection and industrial development through
standardization. It was set up to provide testing and calibration service to support the
implementation of standards in Nigeria.

ADMINISTRATION:
The SON Engineering laboratory is headed by a Laboratory Director, who reports to the Director
General/Chief Executive Officer (DG/CEO) of SON. The laboratory is managed by team of
professionals, including departmental heads, scientists, engineers and technicians. The laboratory
operates under the auspices of the SON Council, which is the governing board of SON.

ORGANOGRAM OF STANDARD ORGANIZATION OF NIGERIA S(SON)

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CHAPTER THREE

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 Introduction of Casting of Prism Mold Test Report
The purpose of the test is to evaluate the workability and finish of freshly mixed concrete by
casting a prism mold and measuring its dimensions and surface finish. The results of the prism
mold test conducted on a concrete mix to evaluate its compressive strength and overall quality.

This test focuses on assessing the mechanical properties of the concrete prism cast using
specified materials, following the relevant industry standards.

2. Materials and Equipment

 Material Used: Concrete mix (C30/37)

 Prism Mold Specifications:

o Dimensions: 100 mm x 100 mm x 400 mm

o Material: Steel

 Equipment:

o Digital weighing scale

o Calipers

o Compressive strength testing machine

3. Methodology

Sample Preparation

 Casting Process: The concrete mix was prepared by combining cement, aggregates,
water, and additives in the specified proportions. The mixture was poured into the prism
molds, ensuring no air pockets formed. The molds were vibrated to enhance
consolidation.

 Curing Conditions: The molds were covered with wet burlap and plastic sheets to
maintain moisture. Curing was done for 28 days at a temperature of 20°C.

Testing Procedure

 After the curing period, the prisms were demolded and stored in a controlled
environment. Compressive strength was tested according to ASTM C39 standards using a
calibrated testing machine.

4. Result Observations

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  The casting process was successful, with no visible defects in the prisms.

 No significant issues were encountered during the curing phase.

Test Data

Sample ID Dimension (mm) Weight (g) Compressive Strength (MPa) Comments

Sample 1 100 x 100 x 400 8500 36.5 Passed specifications

Sample 2 100 x 100 x 400 8450 37.2 Passed specifications

Sample 3 100 x 100 x 400 8550 35.8 Passed specifications

Discussion

 required minimum strength of 25 MPa for structural applications.

 Comparison to Standards: The values obtained align well with the expected standards for
the specified concrete grade.

 Limitations: Environmental conditions during curing, such as fluctuations in temperature,

may have slightly influenced the final results.

Conclusion

The casting of the concrete prisms was successful, yielding compressive strength results that
meet and exceed industry standards. The test confirms the quality and suitability of the concrete
mix for construction purposes.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

Report on Core Sample Analysis from Collapsed Building

1. Introduction

This report outlines the findings from core samples obtained from the collapsed building site.
The analysis aims to assess the structural integrity of the materials and identify potential causes
for the collapse.

2. Background

The building, located at [insert location], collapsed on [insert date]. Preliminary investigations
suggested possible structural failure due to [insert potential causes, e.g., poor materials, design
flaws, natural disasters]. Core samples were taken using a coring machine to analyze the
concrete, steel reinforcement, and any other relevant materials.

3. Methodology

 Coring Procedure:

o Core samples were extracted using a diamond-tipped coring machine at various

locations throughout the site.

o Samples were labeled and documented for analysis.

 Sample Locations:

o Areas of known stress (e.g., support columns, load-bearing walls).

o Random samples from less critical areas for comparative analysis.

 Analysis Techniques:

o Compressive strength testing of concrete samples.

o Microscopic examination for voids, cracks, and inclusions.

o Chemical analysis for composition and degradation (e.g., carbonation, chlorides).

o Steel reinforcement examination for corrosion and bond integrity.

4. Findings

 Compressive Strength:

o Average compressive strength of concrete samples was found to be [insert value],

below the required standard of [insert standard value].

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  Visual Inspection:

o Significant cracking and spalling were observed in several samples.

o Evidence of water damage and corrosion on steel reinforcements.

 Chemical Analysis:

o High levels of chloride ions were detected, indicating potential for accelerated
corrosion of reinforcement.

o Carbonation depths exceeded the safe limits for structural integrity.

 Microscopic Examination:

o Voids and honeycombing observed in core samples, suggesting poor mixing or

placement of concrete.

5. Discussion

The analysis indicates that several factors contributed to the structural failure of the building,
including:

 Material Quality: Substandard concrete and inadequate reinforcement.

 Environmental Factors: Exposure to moisture leading to corrosion.

 Construction Practices: Possible poor workmanship evident from the presence of voids.

6. Conclusion

The core sample analysis has revealed critical issues with the materials and construction
practices that likely contributed to the building's collapse. Further investigations are
recommended to assess the extent of the damage and inform future construction practices.

7. Recommendations

 Conduct a full forensic engineering analysis to determine specific causes of failure.

 Implement stricter quality control measures in construction.

 Consider retrofitting or reinforcing existing structures in the area.

8. Appendices

 Appendix A: Core Sample Locations and Descriptions

 Appendix B: Laboratory Testing Results

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 Appendix C: Photographs of Core Samples

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 CHAPTER FOUR

Analysis of Aluminium Roofing Sheets

1. Introduction

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of aluminium roofing sheets, focusing on their
material properties, performance characteristics, and suitability for construction applications.
Aluminium roofing is known for its lightweight, durability, and resistance to corrosion, making it
a popular choice in various environments.

2. Background

Aluminium roofing sheets are widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
They offer significant advantages, including energy efficiency, low maintenance, and aesthetic
appeal. This analysis evaluates key factors such as tensile strength, corrosion resistance, thermal
properties, and overall performance.

3. Material Properties

 Composition:

o Typical alloy used: [e.g., 3003, 3105].

o Coating: [e.g., PVDF, polyester] for enhanced durability and aesthetics.

 Physical Characteristics:

o Thickness: [insert thickness, e.g., 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm].

o Weight: Approximately [insert weight per square meter].

 Mechanical Properties:

o Tensile Strength: Average of [insert value] MPa.

o Yield Strength: Average of [insert value] MPa.

o Elongation: Average elongation at break of [insert value]%.

4. Performance Analysis

 Corrosion Resistance:

o Aluminium naturally forms a protective oxide layer that provides excellent

resistance to rust and corrosion.

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 o Tests conducted in [insert environment type, e.g., coastal, industrial] showed
minimal degradation over [insert duration].

 Thermal Properties:

o Thermal conductivity: [insert value], which contributes to energy efficiency.

o Reflectivity: High reflectivity of [insert percentage] helps reduce cooling costs.

 Fire Resistance:

o Aluminium is non-combustible and provides good fire resistance, making it

suitable for various building codes.

5. Advantages

 Lightweight: Reduces structural load and allows for easier handling and installation.

 Durability: Long lifespan with minimal maintenance requirements.

 Aesthetic Versatility: Available in various colors and finishes to enhance building design.

6. Limitations

 Thermal Expansion: Aluminium expands and contracts with temperature changes, which
must be accounted for in installation.

 Cost: Initial material costs may be higher compared to other roofing options.

7. Conclusion

Aluminium roofing sheets demonstrate a favorable balance of strength, durability, and aesthetic
appeal. Their properties make them suitable for a wide range of applications, from residential to
industrial settings.

8. Recommendations

 Conduct regular inspections to ensure the integrity of the roofing system.

 Consider using insulated aluminium roofing for enhanced energy efficiency.

9. Appendices

 Appendix A: Detailed Material Specifications

 Appendix B: Test Results and Data Tables

 Appendix C: Installation Guidelines

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10. References

Technical Standards

 ASTM International. (2017). ASTM B209 - Standard Specification for Aluminum and
Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate. ASTM.

 ASTM International. (2020). ASTM E84 - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning
Characteristics of Building Materials.

 ASTM C39 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
Specimens

 ASTM International. (2020). ASTM C39 - Standard Test Method for Compressive
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.

 ASTM International. (2018). ASTM C42 - Standard Test Method for Obtaining and
Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete.

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