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    Sheet 1 - Selected - Topics

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    Sheet 1 - Selected - Topics

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    Sheet 1_ selected_topics

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    Sheet 1 - Selected - Topics

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    of 5

    Benha University Selected_topics

    Shoubra Faculty of Engineering 4th level


    Electrical Engineering Department (2024-2025)

    Sheet 1
    1. What is the difference between large scale fading and small scale fading?
    small scale fading :used to describe the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio
    signal over a short period of time or travel distance.
    Caused by multipath components
    large scale fading :predict the signal strength over large transmitter receiver (T-R)
    separation distances & estimating the radio coverage area of a transmitter.
    caused by Path loss of signal as a function of distance & Shadowing by large objects
    such as buildings.
    2. What is the reason of Multipath Propagation?
    no single line-of-sight path between TX & RX , The incoming radio waves arrive from
    different directions with different propagation delays, amplitudes, and phases.
    These multipath components combine at the receiver antenna and may add up
    either constructively or destructively.
    3.Which fading channel is most applicable where is there no dominant
    propagation along a line of sight between transmitter and receiver?
    Rayleigh Fading Channel
    Problems :
    1. For the shown Multipath power delay profile Calculate:
    a. Mean Excess Delay
    b. RMS Delay Spread
    c. Estimate the 50% coherence bandwidth of the Channel
    2. For the power delay profiles in Figure, estimate the 90% correlation and 50%
    correlation coherence bandwidths.
    3. For the local spatial average of a power delay profile shown in Figure Calculate:

    a. mean excess delay and delay spread


    b. the excess delay (10 dB).
    c. maximum RF symbol rate if the symbol duration T is less than 10 𝛔 to prevent
    ISI
    d. If it is required to send 8-PSK system with a bit rate of 250 kbps. What type
    of fading will the modulation undergo.
    4. How large can the rms delay spread be in order for a binary modulated signal with
    a bit rate of 25 kbps to operate without an equalizer? What about an 16-PSK
    system with a bit rate of 75 kbps

    5. If a baseband binary message with a bit rate Rb=100 kbps is modulated by an RF


    carrier using BPSK, answer the following , Find range of values required for rms
    delay spread of the channel such that the received signal is a flat-fading signal.
    6. For each of the three scenarios below, decide if the received signal is best described
    as undergoing fast fading, slow fading, frequency selective fading, or flat fading. (𝛔 t
    =2 us, fm =20 Hz)
    a. A binary modulation has a data rate of 500 kbps
    b. A binary modulation has a data rate of 5 kbps
    c. A binary modulation has a data rate of 10 bps

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