RCD - (Design of Two Way Slab)

Second Semester
2022-2023
CE-10: PRINCIPLES OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE
SLAB
❖ The slab is a flat basic component of any building/house which is utilized to develop
floors and roofs. It is generally made of reinforced concrete. Slabs are the most widely
used structural elements whose thickness is considerably less than their other
dimensions. Slabs may have different shapes and support conditions. They can be of
solid, ribbed, and waffle types. Depending upon their load carrying behaviour, they are
classified as one-way or two-way slabs.
Determination of Slab Type
❖ One – Way Slab :

L / S > 2 or m = S / L < 0.5
❖ Two – Way Slab :

L / S < 2 or m = S / L > 0.5
Two –Way Slab
• Two-way slabs are efficient,

economical, and widely used
structural system.
• Refers to a slab system in which

reinforcing bars are arranged for
bending in two or more directions
regardless of the presence or
absence of beams in columnar
rows’.
Types of Two-Way Slabs
• Slabs with beams

• Flat Plates/Flat Slabs
• Waffle Slabs
Analysis Method for Two-Way Slabs
❖ Slabs with Beams

- Used in moderately loaded structures and with spans < 6m.
❖ Flat Plate
- Used in lightly loaded structures (e.g. houses with spans 4.5m – 6m)
❖ Flat Slab
- Used in heavy industrial loads with span 6m – 9m.
❖ Waffle Slab
- Used in longer spans with normal loads and span 7.5m – 12m.
Analysis Method for Two-Way Slabs
❖ Moment Coefficient Method

❖ Direct Design Method
❖ Equivalent Frame Method
❖ Finite Element Method
Coefficient Method – Two Way Slab Design with Edge Beams
• The Coefficient Method was first included in the 1963 edition of the ACI Code as a method to design
two-way slabs supported on all four sides by walls, steel beams or deep beams.
• The Coefficient Method is not included in current versions of the ACI Code 318, but it can still be used
for two-way slab systems with edge beams.
• The supports are unyielding and stiff beams or walls. If the support is a beam, it can be a stiff RC beam or
Steel Beam. A stiff beam satisfies :
hbeam / hslab > 3
Illustration for Short Span (The same with Longer Span)
Table 1:
Design of Two-Way Slab by Coefficient of Method
Concrete Cover
Minimum Thickness
Design of One-Way Slab
Minimum Steel Requirement
Allowable Bending Moment: = 𝝓 Mn
Flexural Strength (𝝓=0.90)

𝑀𝑢 = 𝝓𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 2
𝑅𝑛 = 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑞 (1 − 0.59𝑞)
𝜌𝑓𝑦
q= 𝑓′ 𝑐
Minimum Steel Requirement
1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ≤ 31.36 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝑓𝑦
𝑓 ′𝑐
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 > 31.36 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
4𝑓𝑦
c. Design of Reinforcing Bars
➢ For Transverse Bars / As/m strip

A𝑆 = 𝜌 𝑏𝑑
➢ For Shrinkage and Temperature Bars

A𝑆𝑇 = 𝜌 𝑆𝑇 (Ag)
Note: Biggest value among these govern.

c. Design of Reinforcing Bars
➢ Transverse Bars
Number of Steel Bar
𝐴𝑠/𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝
𝑁=
𝐴𝑠/𝑏
Spacing of Bars
1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑆=
𝑁
➢ Temperature Bars
Number of Steel Bar
𝐴𝑠𝑡/𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝
𝑁=
𝐴𝑠𝑡/𝑏
Spacing of Bars
1000 𝑚𝑚
𝑆=
𝑁
Provision for Cut Bars Provision for Bent Bars
Example 1:
Find the slab required thickness and reinforcement for the corner
panel shown in the figure. The reinforced concrete floor is to be
composed of rectangular bays measuring 6.5m and 8m as shown in
the figure. The beams are 600 X 600mm in cross section. The floor is
to be designed to carry a service live load of 6.5 kN/m² uniformly
distributed over its surface, in addition to its own weight. The
concrete compressive strength is 28 MPa and the steel yield strength
is 420 MPa and unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m³. Use 12mmθ for
main bars and 10mmθ for temperature bars.
Activity/Assignment:
Please continue the design for the example problem. Design the
spacing for the longitudinal reinforcement at middle strips using cut
bars. Please indicate the equivalent moments at column strips as well.

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Second Semester

Determination of Slab Type

❖ One – Way Slab :

❖ Two – Way Slab :

• Two-way slabs are efficient,

• Refers to a slab system in which

Types of Two-Way Slabs

• Slabs with beams

❖ Slabs with Beams

Analysis Method for Two-Way Slabs

❖ Moment Coefficient Method

Flexural Strength (𝝓=0.90)

Minimum Steel Requirement

➢ For Transverse Bars / As/m strip

➢ For Shrinkage and Temperature Bars

Note: Biggest value among these govern.

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