11/13/2023

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
2023/2024 SECOND SEMESTER LECTURE SCHEDULES

APPLIED ELECTRICITY I
( EENG 212 )

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURER’S NOTES

METHOD OF ASSESSMENT

Attendance 5%
Assignments 5%
Classwork 5%
Tests 15%
Final Exam 70%
TOTAL 100%

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

UNIT 1: Introduction
 An electric circuit or network consists of a number of interconnected single circuit elements
forming a closed path along which current flows.

 The circuit will generally contain at least one voltage or current source. The arrangement of
elements results in a new set of constraints between the currents and voltages. These new
constraints and their corresponding equations, added to the current-voltage relationships of the
individual elements, provide the solution of the network.

 The purpose of defining the individual elements, connecting them in a network, and solving the
equations is to analyze the performance of such elements.

 The solution generally answers necessary questions about the operation of the device under
conditions applied by a source of energy.

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

 Elements in an electric circuit can be passive or active.

 Active elements are energy producing components such as batteries, solar cells, generators etc.

 Passive Elements are energy using elements such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Below are few electrical symbols frequently used in this course.

Components Symbol Alt. Symbol
RESISTOR

CAPACITOR

INDUCTOR (coil)

DC VOLTAGE SOURCE

CURRENT SOURCE

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

The base units are, Meter, Kilogram, Second and Ampere (mksa).
QUANTITY SI UNIT (mksa) English (US Customary) (cgs)

Length (l) Meter (m) Foot, (ft) Centimeter, (cm)

= 0.3048 m 25.4 cm = 1 in
Weight (w) Kilogram (kg) Slug = 14.6 kg Gram, (g)

Time (t) Second (s) Second Second

Current (I) Ampere (A) Ampere Ampere

Temperature Kelvin, (K) Fahrenheit, F Celsius, C

= 273.15 + oC = ( oC) + 32 = (oF – 32)
Luminous Intensity Candela, (cd)

16
FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Lesson 1.2. Prefixes

Prefix Its meaning Abbreviation Equal to Example
Tetra One million million T 1012 (TB)
Giga One thousand million G 109 GHz
Mega One million M 106 MΩ

Kilo One thousand K 103 KV

- - - 1
milli One thousandth m 10-3 mH
micro One millionth µ 10-6 µA
nano One thousand millionth n 10-9 ns
pico One million millionth p 10-12 pF

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Lesson 1.3. Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s law states that, “the current, I, flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied
voltage, V, provided the temperature remains constant. Thus,
I∝V
This means that for a given circuit, the voltage-to-current ratio is a constant.
Therefore,
=k
where k is the proportionality constant called
Resistance.

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, = R or V = IR

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

 Resistance (R) is that property of a substance due to which it opposes (or restricts) electric current
flow. The unit of resistance is ohms with the symbol (Ω)

 Conductance (G) is the reciprocal of resistance. The unit of conductance is the Siemens (S)

G =
 Conductivity is also known as Specific Conductance.

 Conductance (G) is helpful in determining the source current when series of resistors are
connected in parallel.
 Rsisitivity

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Unit 2. Network Analysis. (Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law)

 For any closed path in a network, Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) states that,
“the algebraic sum of the voltages is zero.”

 Some of the voltages will be sources, while others will result from current in
passive elements creating a voltage, which is sometimes referred to as a voltage
drop.

 The law applies equally well to circuits driven by constant sources, DC, time
variable sources, v(t) and i(t), etc.

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Lesson 2.1. Series Circuits with single voltage source

Rs = R1 + R2 + R3, I=

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Lesson 2.2. Series Circuits with multiple voltage sources

Va – V1 – Vb – V2 – V3 = 0
But V1 = iR1 , V2 = iR2 , V3 = iR3
Hence Va – iR1 – Vb – iR2 – iR3 = 0

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Va – Vb = iR1 + iR2 + iR3

Va – Vb = i(R1 + R2 + R3 )

i= , 𝑜𝑟 𝑖 =

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Ex.1. Calculate the current I, and the p.d. across V1 = IR1, V2 = IR2, V3 = IR3
each resistor
V = IR1 + IR2 + IR3

V = I(R1 + R2 + R3)
V = IRs , I= ,
Rs = 50+100+150

Rs = 300 Ω and V = 60 v

I= 𝐴, I = 0.2 A

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

V1 = IR1 V2 = IR2 V3 = IR3 V1 + V2 + V3 = V

V1 = 0.2 *50 V2 = 0.2 *100 V3 = 0.2 *150

V1 = 10 v V2 = 20 v V3 = 30 v 10 + 20 + 30 = 60 v
CLASSWORK 1 15Ω

I
Calculate the
current I 12v 20 Ω

25 Ω

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

Series Circuits with multiple voltage sources

Solution
EG 1. Calculate the current flow in the circuit below. Using KVL,
25 v 12 – 15I + 25 – 20I – 25I = 0,
I 15 Ω I

37 – 60I = 0,
equation 60I = 37,
20 Ω
12 v

I= ,
25 Ω

I = 0.62 A

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FOURAH BAY COLLEGE
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
APPLIED ELECTRICITY I (EENG212)
LECTURE NOTES

CLASSWORK 2 & 3
10Ω 25v
25 v
10 Ω
I
I
20v 20 Ω
20 Ω
20 v

35 Ω 35 Ω

(b)
(a)

Q. Calculate the current I and the p.d across each resistor in the circuits above