Lesson 3 Archipelago

LESSON 3: ARCHIPELAGO
PREPARED AND RESEARCHED BY ROMEO MANALAYSAY, REB
I. WHAT IS ARCHIPELAGO?
- It is called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection
of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered
islands.
- It is derived from the Ancient Greek “arkhi(chief), pelagos (sea)” through the
Italian archipelago.
- It can be found isolated in large amounts of water or neighboring a large
land mass.
- It is more often volcanic, forming along island arcs generated by subduction
zones or hotspots, but may also be the result of erosion, deposition, and
land elevation. Depending on their geological origin, islands forming
archipelagos can be referred to as oceanic islands, continental fragments,
or continental islands.
II. FORMATION OF ARCHIPELAGOS

- The Earth is fascinating because it is the only planet within our solar system
known to contain living organisms within a biosphere. Everything on the
Earth is dynamic and ever-changing, including the formation of land. The
location and structure of the continents and islands you see today on world
maps were different thousands of years ago and they will be different in the
many years to come.
- Archipelagos can form from Volcanic activity, it is anything that relates to
volcanism, including the release of deadly gases and heat from the Earth’s
interior to the movement of magma from below the crust to above the
surface.
III. GEOGRAPHIC TYPES OF ARCHIPELAGOS

1. Oceanic islands – are mainly volcanic origin, and widely separated from any
adjacent continent. Examples: Hawaiian Islands and Galapagos Islands in
the Pacific, and Mascarene Islands in the south Indian ocean.
2. Continental fragments – correspond to land masses that have separated
from a continental mass due to tectonic displacement. Example: Farallon
islands off the coast of California.
3. Continental archipelagos – sets of islands formed close to the coast of a
continent are considered continental archipelagos when they form part of
the same continental shelf, when those islands are above-water extensions
of the shelf.
4. Artificial archipelagos – have been created in various countries for different
purposes. Example: Palm islands and the world islands off Dubai were
being created for leisure and tourism purposes.
IV. WHAT IS PANGAEA?

- It is a Supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early
Mesozoic eras. It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335
million years ago, and began to break apart about 175 million years ago.
- Millions of years ago, the world is only made up of one supercontinent called
Pangaea. And due to continental drift, Pangaea has separated to the modern
day 7 continents.
WHAT ARE THE 7 CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD?

1. ASIA
2. AFRICA
3. EUROPE
4. NORTH AMERICA
5. SOUTH AMERICA
6. AUSTRALIA/OCEANIA
7. ANTARTICA
V. HOW THE PHILIPPINES FORMED OR EMERGED?
- The Philippines did not break out from Pangaea. Rather, the Philippine
islands were formed by volcanic eruptions that occurred under the Pacific
Ocean over millions of years.
- The firs Philippine Island showed up about 60 million years ago. It is the Island
of Mindoro and Palawan which is very near the island of present-day Taiwan.
Due to geological and plate tectonic evolution, primarily due to the Pacific plate
and Australian plate moving inward to the Asian plate; the island of Luzon and
Mindanao started to show up and became an intersection of complex collisions
between tectonic plates. This are is then called the Philippine Mobile Plate.
- In total, the Philippines has approximately 7,640 islands.
VI. MAPS
- It is a graphic representation, drawn to scale and usually on a flat surface,

of features – for example, geographical, geological, or geopolitical area of
the Earth or any other celestial body.
Globes – are maps represented on the surface of a sphere.
Cartography – is the art and science of making maps and charts.
Different kinds of Maps:
1. General Reference Maps: it shows the location of geographic boundaries,

physical features, or cultural features.
2. Thematic Maps: it depicts information on a particular topic or theme. It may be
physical, statistical, measured, or interpreted, and sometimes requires
specialist knowledge by the map user. Ex: Weather, population density and
geology.
3. Cartometric Maps: it involves the detailed assessment of the mathematical
structure (geodetical accuracy) of a map, is still in its infancy as a potentially
powerful tool in the historical study of early maps.
4. Topographic Maps: it shows the shape and contour of the land surface using
contour lines or shading.
5. Political Maps: it shows the borders and names of countries, states, and
regions.
6. Physical Maps: it shows the landforms, water bodies, and elevation of an area.
7. Road Maps: it shows the routes, distances, and direction of travel.
8. Income Maps: it shows the different income levels in geographical location. An
income map is a great way to see the different income medians across a
country as the rural areas definitely have lesser income compared to the urban
locations.
9. Time Zone Maps: it shows the divisions of time across the world.
10. Geologic Maps: it shows the types and ages of rocks and soils in an area.
11. Zip Code Maps: it shows the postal codes of different areas.
Parts of a Map:
1. Data Frame: is the part of the map that shows all the important data. It is the
central focus of the map.
2. Legend: also known as the key of the map is the “decoder” that gives a brief
explanation of each symbol on the map. Without a legend, reading a map can
be almost impossible.
3. Title: it is important because it immediately tells the viewer what he or she is
looking at.
4. North arrow: is put on a map to show the orientation of a map. It allows the
viewer to see what the right direction of the map is.
5. Scale: is supposed to explain the distance in real life. The scale gives a brief
idea of the distance between one location and another.
6. Citation: part of the map is the metadata of a map. This is where you will find
all the explanation of data resources and other related things. This area allows
the viewers to determine what their reason for using a map is.

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LESSON 3: ARCHIPELAGO

PREPARED AND RESEARCHED BY ROMEO MANALAYSAY, REB

II. FORMATION OF ARCHIPELAGOS

III. GEOGRAPHIC TYPES OF ARCHIPELAGOS

IV. WHAT IS PANGAEA?

WHAT ARE THE 7 CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD?

V. HOW THE PHILIPPINES FORMED OR EMERGED?

- In total, the Philippines has approximately 7,640 islands.

- It is a graphic representation, drawn to scale and usually on a flat surface,

Different kinds of Maps:

1. General Reference Maps: it shows the location of geographic boundaries,

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