Temperature CONTROLLED FAN BY USING arDUINO

CHAPTER -01
INTRODUCTION
The idea behind the project is to control the speed of the fan by
difference in temperature. The Temperature variation in the fan
is an different way to deal with the speed of the motor. It is a
process in which the objects temperature is measured and the
way of heat energy passes into or out of the object is correctly
adjusted to achieve a stable temperature. This project
attendances the design and simulation of the fan speed control
system by using PWM technique based on the room
temperature. How the room temperature can be measured? The
answer to the simple question is with the help of a Temperature
Sensor. It has been used to measure the temperature of the room
and the speed of the fan is varied according to the room
temperature using Pulse Width Modulation technique.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
In this project, microcontroller is most important and plays a vital role in
the smart systems development. It has become an essential part in the
current day to day technologies. This article discusses about the
temperature based fan speed control an Arduino system. This system is
responsible for control the cooling system automatically based on the
room temperature. The system requires an Arduino board to implement a
control system to this project. Since this is proposed to control the speed
of the fan by varying the temperature with the help of the IOT
technology.

DESCRIPTIONS:
This project Temperature Based Fan Speed Control s can be done by
using Arduino board with some electronics materials. The Arduino UNO
board is very popular among all electronic circuits, thus we employed
Arduino UNO board for the operation of the fan speed control. In the
proposed system itself said that it is designed to detect the temperature
of the room and send that information to the Arduino UNO board. Then
the Arduino UNO board carries out the contrast of current temperature
and set temperature based on the inbuilt program of the Arduino that
feed through us. The output obtained from the operation is given through
the o/p port of an Arduino UNO board to the LCD display that
connected with the board. This generates the PWM pulses from the
board which is further given to the driver circuit to get the expected
output to the fan. [1-4]

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CHAPTER-2
COMPONENTS USED
The components used are
1. Arduino UNO
2. Temperature Sensor
3. Fan
4. LCD Display
5. Potentiometer
6. Transistor
7. Resistor
8. Relay
9. Connecting wires

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ARDUINO UNO:
Arduino UNO is a development board which contains microcontroller
in the board itself. It is an open-source software. In the electronics
platform, Arduinos easy to use hardware and software. The Arduino
boards can read inputs so that they can understand and give as some of
the outcomes like light on a sensor, a finger on a button, activating a
motor, turning on an LED, publishing something manually in online etc.
that are all given as output to us. The most of the applications on
everyday life, Arduino is a part of the application. The reason is that the
Arduino follows the instruction correctly that fed by us. How can we
send the instructions to the Arduino board? The instructions can be fed
to the Arduino board by these tools, one is the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the other one is Arduino Software
(IDE), based on Processing. For a long period of time Arduino has been
the master brain for thousands of projects, from everyday objects to
complicated scientific instruments. All kind of people around the
worldwide like students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and
professionals can make use of this open-source software platform, so
that it can be very helpful to the users. The Arduino UNO was founded
by the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool with easy access
for fast prototyping, targeted at students without a background in
electronics and programming. Quickly it interacts the wider community,
the Arduino UNO board started facing to adapt to new needs and
difficulties as per the product. All the Arduino boards are full and fully
open-source platform, helps the users to build them freely and clearly
adapt them to their particular needs. The this software is very easy to
access for all kind of users includes the beginners and the new learners,

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also flexible enough for advanced users. This software is applicable to

all systems like Mac, Windows, and Linux. In the educational area the
teachers and the students independently access this software. This paves
the way to the technology development and new innovations. Other
microcontrollers offer similar functionality. All of these things are taken
the sufficient details of microcontroller programming and pack it up in
an proper function for the use. Arduino UNO makes the working process
simple with the microcontrollers:[5-7] Inexpensive –The Arduino UNO
board is combatively low cost when compared to the other
microcontrollers that available in the market. Cross-platform - The
Arduino UNO Software (IDE) easily access all kind of the platforms like
Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux operating systems. Most of the
microcontrollers systems are limited to Windows. Simple programming
platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) is very easy and simple for the
beginners, available also for the advanced users to take advantage of as
well. Also for the teaching staffs it is applicable to teach the students for
the basic programming here. Open source and extensible software - The
Arduino IDE software is typographic as open source tools, available for
experienced programmers. This can access the C++ libraries in the IDE
software itself.

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SPECIFICATIONS:
1 Microcontroller- ATmega328
2 Operating Voltage- 5V Input Voltage
3 Input Voltage – 6 to 20V
4 Digital I/O Pins- 14Analog Input Pins :6
5 DC Current for the 3.3V Pin- 50 mA
6 Flash Memory- 32 KB SRAM :2 KB
7 EEPROM- 1 KB
8 Clock Speed- 16 MHz

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GENERAL PIN FUNCTIONS:

1 LED: In that a LED is in-bulleted with the digital pin 13. So that the
differ in values causes the LED ON/OFF. It is simple in that pin the
value is high the LED is in ON state and the value is low the LED in
OFF state.
2 VIN: This Input Voltage pin is used to access the external power
supply rather than connecting the USB port. So the additional power
source is get access the board through this pin.
3 5V: This pin functions to send as a 5V as a output that passed through
the regulator on the board. We can give supply to the board through the
DC power source(7V-20V), also through USB port(5V). If the voltage
supplied through the 5V or 3.3V, the board get damaged.
4 3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator.
Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
5 GND: It is ground pin, used for grounding.
6 IOREF: Based on the microcontroller operations the voltage references
provided by the board itself.
7 Reset: This reset pin is normally used to reset the program that stored
in board.
8 Special Pin Functions: All the 14 Digital pins and the 6 Analog pins on
the Arduino UNO board can be use as input/output. Each pin can
operates at 5V. Based on the operating condition each pin can provide or
receive as 20 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by
default) of 20-50k ohm. The value does not exceeds 40 mA on any of
the I/O pins to avoid the permanent damage to the microcontroller. The
Arduino Uno has 6 analog inputs, named A0-A5, which provide 10 bits
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of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). Initially they measure from the
ground to 5V, though it is possible to change the upper end of their
range with the help of the AREF pin and the analog Reference()
function.
9 Serial: This pin specially functions for receiving and transmitting. The
pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). It is used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX)
TTL serial data. Pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to TTL Serial chip are
connected with these pins.
10 External Interrupts: The pins 2 and 3 are the external interrupts.
These pins can be assigned to trigger an interrupt on a low value and a
high value.
11 PWM(Pulse Width Modulation): The pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 can
provide 8- bit PWM output with the analog write function.
12 SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface): The pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12
(MISO), 13 (SCK) supports the SPI communication by using the SPI
library.
13 TWI(Two Wire Interface): The A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin
supports TWI communication by using the wire library.
14 AREF(Analog Reference): It is the Reference voltage for the analog
inputs.

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. TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
Temperature sensor senses the room temperature. This electronic device
converts the data that sensed in the surrounding into the electronic data
for recording purpose. There are many different types of temperature
sensors. Here in this project we are using LM 35 temperature sensor.
The LM35 temperature sensor is graded to work from -55° Centigrade to
150° Centigrade with a undeviating scale factor of +10mv/° C.. It is a
tiny and low cost IC which can be used to measure temperature
anywhere in the surrounding between -55°C to 150°C.

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PROPERTIES:
Measures directly in degree Celsius (centigrade) Linear +10.0 mV/
degree Celsius 0.5 degree Celsius accuracy (at +25degree Celsius)
Rated between -55 to +150 degree Celsius range Suitable for remote
applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4
to 30 volts Less than 60 Micro ampere current drains Low self-
heating, 0.08 degree Celsius and Nonlinearity only +/- 1/4 degree
Celsius
. Fan:
It is an electronic appliance used to flow the air around its environment.
We all know that fan contains blades, they act on the air. The Impeller,
rotor, or runner are the rotating assembly of blades.

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LCD DISPLAY:
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have found enormous success in the past
couple of decades. They are used everywhere in our day to life. Some of
the examples are from cellular phones, eBooks, GPS devices, computer
monitors, and automotive displays to projectors and TVs to name a few.
They play a critical role in the information age and are import elements
of our daily life. Liquid crystals do not emit light. Their function is to
modify the state of light produced by a light source in order to display
images. The light is produced by either a direct backlight, which is
placed directly beneath the liquid crystal panel, or edge light which is
placed at the edge of a waveguide sheet. . Backlight is more suitable for
large-size LCDs, because it can provide high light intensities, but it is
bulky. Edge light is more suitable for small-size handheld LCDs,
because it is compact, but its light output is limited. The common light
sources for LCD lighting are cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL),
light emitting diodes (LED), external electrode fluorescent lamps
(EEFL), and flat fluorescent lamps (FFL). CCFL consists of a glass tube
with a cathode and an anode at the ends. The tube is filled with mercury
gas. The inner surface of the tube is coated with a fluorescent (phosphor)
material. When a voltage is applied across the two electrodes, some
(primary) electrons are emitted by thermal motion in the cathode and
accelerated toward the anode. There are also dichroic reflective
polarizers, which have the advantage of high light efficiency. They pass
incident light polarized in one direction and reflect incident light
polarized in the orthogonal direction. The reflected light can be recycled
by rotating its polarization into the direction of the transmission axis of

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the polarizers. The rotation of the polarization can be achieved either by

a half waveplate or by a scattering medium.

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POTENTIOMETER:
The Potentiometer is an electric device that used to measure the Electro
Motive Force of a given battery, the internal resistance of a cell. And
also it is used to compare the EMFs of different cells. It can also use as a
variable resistor in most of the applications.

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TRANSISTOR:
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch
electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor
material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit.

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RESISTOR:
Physical materials resist the flow of electrical current to some extent.
Certain materials such as copper offer very low resistance to current
flow, and hence they are called conductors. Other materials such as
ceramic which offer extremely high resistance to the current flow are
called as insulators. In electric and electronic circuits there is a need for
materials with specific values of resistance in the range between that of a
conductor and an insulator. These materials are called resistors and their
values of resistance are expressed in ohms.

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RELAY:
It is a switch which controls (open and close) circuits
electromechanically. The main operation of this device is to make or
break contact with the help of a signal without any human involvement
in order to switch it ON or OFF. It is mainly used to control a high
powered circuit using a low power signal.

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CONNECTING WIRES:
Connecting wires provide a medium to an electrical current so that they
can travel from one point on a circuit to another. In the case of
computers, wires are embedded into circuit boards to carry pulses of
electricity.

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CHAPTER-3
WORKING
The working of this project is the temperature sensor LM35 senses the
temperature and converts it into an electrical (analog) signal, which is
applied to the ATmega328 microcontroller of the Arduino UNO Board.
In this the Arduino UNO board converts the recorded signal from analog
to digital signal. So that the recorded values of the temperature and
speed of the fan are displayed on the LCD. When the temperature
crosses 30°C the fan starts rotating. A low-frequency pulse-width
modulation (PWM) signal, whose duty cycle is varied to adjust the fan’s
speed is used. An inexpensive, single, small pass transistor-like 2N222
or BD139 can be used here. It is efficient because the pass transistor is
used as a switch.

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Lm35 temperature sensor voltage to temperature conversion, now one of

the most difficult thing is how to convert the voltage generated/output by
the lm35 sensor at output in Celsius or Fahrenheit scales. Well this needs
you to first go through the data sheet of temperature sensor and know
about the characteristics of the sensor.

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CHAPTER-4
PROGRAM
#include <Liquid Crystal. h>

Liquid Crystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);

int Pin = A1; // the output pin of LM35

int fn = 10; // the pin where fan is

int ld = 7; // led pin

int tmp;

int tempMin = 24; // the temperature to start the

fan 0%

int tempMax = 57; // the maximum temperature

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when fan is at 100%

int fnSpeed;

int fnLCD;

void setup() {

pinMode(fn, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ld, OUTPUT);

pinMode(Pin, INPUT);

lcd.begin(16,2);

Serial.begin(9600);

void loop()

tmp = readTemp(); // get the temperature

Serial.print( tmp );

if(tmp < tempMin) // if temp is lower than

minimum temp

fnSpeed = 0; // fan is not spinning

analogWrite(fn, fnSpeed);

fnLCD=0;

digitalWrite(fn, LOW);

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if((tmp >= tempMin) && (tmp <= tempMax)) // if

temperature is higher than minimum temp

fnSpeed = tmp;//map(temp, tempMin, tempMax,

0, 100); // the actual speed of fan//map(temp,

tempMin, tempMax, 32, 255);

fnSpeed=2*fnSpeed;

fnLCD = map(tmp, tempMin, tempMax, 0, 100); //

speed of fan to display on LCD100

analogWrite(fn, fnSpeed); // spin the fan at the

fanSpeed speed

if(tmp > tmpMax) // if temp is higher than

tempMax

digitalWrite(ld, HIGH); // turn on led

else // else turn of led

digitalWrite(ld, LOW);

lcd.print("TEMP: ");

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lcd.print(tmp); // display the temperature

lcd.print("C ");

lcd.setCursor(0,1); // move cursor to next line

lcd.print("FANS: ");

lcd.print(fnLCD); // display the fan speed

lcd.print("%");

delay(200);

lcd.clear();

int readTemp() { // get the temperature and convert

it to celsius

tmp = analogRead(Pin);

return tmp * 0.48828125;}

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APPLICATION:
Normally we use the regulator to change the speed of the fan. Here the
room temperature changes the speed varies so that according to the
temperature the fan rotates. The fan designed in this project, has the
more scope to use in the Middle East countries. This product is more
suitable for the hot regions.

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CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPES:
This project can be used in both the home and Industry. It helps in
saving the energy and electricity.
To watch the environments that is not comfortable, or possible, for
humans to monitor, especially for extended periods of time.
Prevents waste of energy when it’s not hot enough for a fan to be
needed. To assist people who are disabled to adjust the fan speed
automatically.

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In future case we can monitor more parameters like humidity, light and
at the same time control them and also can send this data to a remote
location using mobile or internet.
Using this technology we can able to draw graphs of variations in these
parameters using computer. And the temperature exceeds the limit; a call
will be dialed to the respective given number by an automatic Dialer
system.

CHAPTER-6
REFERENCE:
[1] Liu, Y., Zeng, J. and Wang, C. (2009).Temperature Monitoring in
Laser Assisted Polymer Bonding for MEMS Packaging Using a thin
Film Sensor Array , IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, New
Orleans, LA , USA.
[2] Jung, W.,You, J. and Won, S. (2008).Temperature Monitoring
System for Inductive Heater Oven (pp.1734-1737), International
Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, Seoul Korea.

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[3] Chiueh, H., Choma, J. and Draper, J. (2000). Implementation of a

temperature Monitoring Interface Circuit for Power PC Systems (pp.98-
101), Proceedings of the 43rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and
Systems, Lansing MI, USA.
[4] Mehta V. K and Mehta R. (2007). Principle of Electronics, S.Chand
& Company Ltd. New Delhi, 438
[5] The raja B. L and the raja A. K. (2002). A Textbook of Electrical
Technology, S. Chand &Company Ltd. New Delhi, 2105
[6] Gayakwad R. A. (2004). Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits,
Pearson Edition (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 315
[7] Mashud M. A. A, Barman S. C, Bhuiyan M. R. A, Islam Md.
Serajul. (2013). Design and Implementation of Three Phase Unbalanced
Voltage Motor Controller (pp.35-42), I.J. Intelligent Systems and
Applications.

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