ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

Course No: FSEE 4206

Course Title: Environmental Impact Assessment

SUBMITTED BY:

1.Tazmina Zaman
ID:1905036
2.A.T.M. Ahsan Habib Muhit
ID:1905081
3.Irfan Akbar
ID:1905094
 BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

MYMENSINGH-2202

INTRODUCTION

Efficient waste water treatment is a crucial for safeguarding the environment and
public health. Providing solutions for wastewater treatment, catering to a wide
range of needs. With the help of waste water treatment plant a large number of
pathogens and harmful chemicals, waterborne disease can be reduced.

PURPOSE
The purpose of including a wastewater treatment plant is an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) report is to evaluate the potential environmental impacts
associated with the plant’s construction and operation. This includes assessing
impacts on water quality, ecosystems, air quality, and nearby communities.
Additionally, it aims to identify measures to mitigate or minimize these impacts to
insure sustainable development and environmental protection.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION & BACKGROUND

The Khulna sewage system development project is a crucial initiative aimed at
addressing the pressing sanitation challenges faced by the rapidly growing city of
Khulna in Bangladesh. With a focus on improving wastewater management
infrastructure, the project seeks to enhance public health, protect the environment,
and promote sustainable urban development (Khulna Development Authority,
2019). The project objectives encompass upgrading and expanding the existing
sewage system to meet growing demand and improve efficiency, ensuring proper
collection, treatment, and disposal of wastewater to prevent environmental
pollution and mitigate health risks, enhancing the resilience of the sewage system
against climate change impacts and natural disasters, and ultimately improving the
overall quality of life for the residents of Khulna by providing a cleaner and
healthier living environment . The project components involve infrastructure
development, including the construction and rehabilitation of sewage collection
networks, pumping stations, treatment plants, and associated facilities, as well as
capacity building to strengthen the technical and operational capacity of local
authorities, utility staff, and community members. Furthermore, institutional
strengthening efforts are undertaken to enhance the institutional framework for
wastewater management, while community engagement programs promote
behavioral change, responsible wastewater disposal practices, and foster a sense of
ownership among the residents of Khulna. Implementation of the project is
facilitated through close collaboration between government agencies, local
authorities, development partners, and relevant stakeholders, with detailed
feasibility studies, engineering designs, and environmental impact assessments
ensuring its viability and sustainability (Khulna Water Supply and Sewerage
Authority, 2021). The project's environmental considerations are paramount,
integrating environmentally friendly technologies, such as advanced wastewater
treatment processes and energy-efficient systems, as well as conducting
environmental impact assessments to identify risks and develop mitigation
measures to safeguard natural resources, water bodies, and biodiversity. The
proposed Khulna Sewerage System Development Project (KSSDP) will develop a
new sewerage system in Khulna, covering commercial and densely populated areas
with about 850,000 population by 2027. The project will specifically support (i)
establishment of two sewage treatment plants with a capacity of 80,000 cubic
meter (m3) per day and one fecal sludge treatment plant of 160 m3 per day; (ii)
construction of 269 kilometers of sewer network; (iii) around 27,000 property level
sewer connections; (iv) capacity development of the Khulna Water Supply and
Sewerage Authority; and (v) awareness-raising on sanitation and hygiene. The
budget of total project $160 million, from which $54,309,800 will expense to build
sewage treatment plant. The project aims to establish a sustainable and inclusive
sewerage system in Khulna, the third largest city in Bangladesh.
ENVIRONMENTL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
In an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for a wastewater treatment
plant, several aspects related to environmental impact and mitigation measures are
typically addressed:

1. Water Quality: Assessing the impact of the plant on the quality of receiving
water bodies, including potential pollution from treated effluent.

The discharge of treated effluent into receiving water bodies can affect their water
quality, potentially altering pH levels, nutrient concentrations, and oxygen levels,
which may impact aquatic life and overall ecosystem health.

2. Air Quality: Considering emissions from the plant, such as odor and
greenhouse gases, and proposing measures to mitigate them.

Emissions from the treatment processes, such as odors or volatile organic

compounds (VOCs), can affect local air quality and contribute to nuisance odors or
respiratory issues for nearby residents.

3. Energy Consumption: Evaluating the energy requirements of the treatment

processes and suggesting strategies for energy efficiency and renewable energy
integration.

The energy requirements of the treatment processes can contribute to greenhouse

gas emissions and other environmental impacts associated with energy production
and consumption.

4. Solid Waste Generation: Analyzing the generation of sludge and other solid
waste from the treatment process and proposing methods for its proper
management, such as composting or incineration.

The generation of sludge and other solid waste from the treatment process may
require appropriate management to prevent pollution and minimize environmental
impacts.

5. Ecological Impact: Assessing the impact on local flora and fauna, particularly
in and around the discharge area, and proposing measures to minimize disruption
to ecosystems.
Changes in the aquatic environment due to the discharge of treated effluent,
including potential harm to fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic organisms, as well
as alterations to habitats and biodiversity.

6. Noise Pollution: Evaluating potential noise pollution from plant operations and
suggesting measures for noise control, such as sound barriers or scheduling noisy
activities during off-peak hours.

Operational noise from the plant's equipment and machinery may impact
surrounding communities, potentially causing disturbance and reducing quality of
life for residents.

7. Community Impact: Considering the social and economic impacts of the plant
on the surrounding community, including employment opportunities, property
values, and public health concerns.

8.Visual Impact: The visual presence of the treatment plant, including structures,
pipelines, and equipment, may alter the aesthetic quality of the surroundings.

MITIGATION MEASURES

In an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for a wastewater treatment

plant aim to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects identified during the
assessment. Here are some common mitigation measures:

1. Advanced Treatment Technologies: Implementing advanced treatment

processes to improve the quality of treated effluent, ensuring compliance with
regulatory standards and minimizing environmental impacts on receiving water
bodies.

2. Buffer Zones: Establishing buffer zones or vegetative buffers around the

treatment plant and discharge points to minimize visual impact, provide habitat for
wildlife, and protect sensitive areas from pollution.
3. Odor Control: Installing odor control systems to mitigate nuisance odors
associated with wastewater treatment processes, improving air quality and reducing
community complaints.

4. Noise Reduction: Implementing noise reduction measures such as sound

barriers, acoustic enclosures, or scheduling noisy activities during off-peak hours
to minimize disturbance to nearby residents.

5. Landscaping and Visual Screening: Utilizing landscaping and visual screening

techniques to minimize the visual impact of the treatment plant on the surrounding
landscape and integrate it harmoniously into the environment.

6. Energy Efficiency: Incorporating energy-efficient technologies and renewable

energy sources to reduce the carbon footprint of the treatment plant and minimize
environmental impacts associated with energy consumption.

7. Sludge Management: Implementing efficient sludge management practices,

such as sludge dewatering, composting, or anaerobic digestion, to minimize solid
waste generation and pollution.

8. Monitoring and Reporting: Establishing comprehensive monitoring and

reporting programs to track environmental parameters, assess the effectiveness of
mitigation measures, and ensure regulatory compliance over time.

9. Community Engagement: Engaging with local communities and stakeholders

throughout the planning, construction, and operation phases of the wastewater
treatment plant to address concerns, gather feedback, and foster positive
relationships.

10. Emergency Response Planning: Developing emergency response plans and

procedures to effectively manage and mitigate potential environmental incidents,
such as spills or equipment failures, and minimize their impact on surrounding
ecosystems and communities.

These mitigation measures are tailored to address specific environmental concerns

identified during the EIA process and are designed to promote sustainable
development and protect the environment while meeting the wastewater treatment
needs of the community. Surrounding landscape and impact property values.
Wastewater treatment plants have both positive and negative impacts:

Positive impacts

1.Environmental protection: They help in reducing water pollution by treating

wastewater before it's discharged into water bodies, protecting aquatic ecosystems.

2.Public health: Treatment plants remove harmful pollutants and pathogens from
wastewater, reducing the risk of waterborne diseases.

3.Resource recovery: Some treatment plants incorporate processes to recover

energy and nutrients from wastewater, promoting sustainability.

4.Economic benefits: Cleaner water bodies can boost tourism and recreational
activities, contributing to local economies.

Negative impacts

1. Energy consumption: Treatment plants require energy for operations,

contributing to carbon emissions and environmental footprint.

2. Chemical use: Some treatment processes involve the use of chemicals, which
can have environmental and health implications if not managed properly.

3. Sludge disposal: Treatment plants generate sludge as a byproduct, which

requires proper disposal or treatment to prevent environmental contamination.

4. Habitat disruption: Construction and operation of treatment plants can disturb

local ecosystems and wildlife habitats if not planned and managed carefully.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT

Wastewater treatment plants are complex systems designed to remove

contaminants from sewage or wastewater before it's released back into the
environment. Here are some technical aspects typically involved:

1. Preliminary Treatment: This stage involves screening to remove large objects

like sticks and rags, and grit removal to separate sand and gravel.

2. Primary Treatment: Involves physical processes like sedimentation to separate

suspended solids and sludge settling.

3. Secondary Treatment: Biological processes like activated sludge or trickling

filters are used to break down organic matter by microorganisms.

4. Tertiary Treatment: Additional treatment to remove nutrients (like nitrogen

and phosphorus) and further polishing of the water. Methods include filtration,
disinfection (often with chlorine or UV light), and advanced oxidation.

5. Sludge Treatment: The solid material removed during the treatment process
(sludge) undergoes further processing, such as thickening, digestion, and
dewatering, to reduce its volume and stabilize it for disposal or reuse.

6. Instrumentation and Control Systems: Wastewater treatment plants rely on

various sensors, analyzers, and control systems to monitor and regulate parameters
like pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and flow rates throughout the treatment
process.

7. Energy Management: Many modern wastewater treatment plants integrate

energy-efficient technologies such as anaerobic digestion for biogas production,
which can be used to generate electricity or heat.

8. Environmental Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of effluent quality and

environmental impacts to ensure compliance with regulations and protect receiving
water bodies.
These are just some of the key technical aspects, and each wastewater treatment
plant may have unique features based on factors like location, size, and the specific
contaminants being treated.

FINAL DESIGN

Designing an environmental management plan for a sewage water treatment plant

involves several key components:

Regulatory Compliance: Ensure the plan aligns with local, regional, and national
environmental regulations regarding sewage treatment and discharge.

Risk Assessment: Identify potential environmental risks associated with the plant's
operation, such as contamination of nearby water sources or emissions of harmful
gases.

Mitigation Measures: Develop strategies to mitigate identified risks, such as

implementing advanced treatment technologies, monitoring systems, and
emergency response plans.

Water Conservation: Include measures to minimize water usage within the plant
and promote water recycling and reuse wherever possible.

Energy Efficiency: Incorporate energy-efficient practices and technologies to

reduce the plant's carbon footprint and overall environmental impact.

Waste Management: Outline procedures for proper handling, treatment, and

disposal of solid and hazardous waste generated during the treatment process.

Monitoring and Reporting: Establish protocols for regular monitoring of

environmental parameters, such as water quality, air emissions, and noise levels,
and reporting requirements to regulatory agencies.

Community Engagement: Engage with local communities and stakeholders to

address concerns, provide transparency, and foster positive relationships.
Continual Improvement: Implement mechanisms for ongoing evaluation and
improvement of the environmental management plan based on feedback,
technological advancements, and changing regulatory requirements.

Emergency Preparedness: Develop contingency plans and procedures to respond

effectively to environmental emergencies, such as spills or equipment failures, to
minimize environmental harm.

By integrating these elements into the final design, the environmental management
plan can effectively mitigate the potential environmental impacts of the sewage
water treatment plant and ensure sustainable operations.

EQUIPMENT

A sewage water treatment plant typically requires equipment such as:

1. Screens or grates to remove large debris and solids.

2. Grit chambers to settle out heavy particles like sand and gravel.

3. Primary sedimentation tanks to allow solids to settle and separate from the
water.

4. Aeration tanks or reactors for biological treatment, where microorganisms break

down organic matter.

5. Secondary sedimentation tanks to settle out the remaining solids.

6. Filtration systems, such as sand filters, to further remove suspended solids.

7. Disinfection systems, like UV light or chlorine, to kill harmful bacteria and

pathogens.

8. Sludge treatment equipment for handling and processing the solids removed
from the wastewater.

9. Pumps, pipes, and valves for transferring water and materials between different
stages of the treatment process.
CONSTRUCTION METHOD

Construction methods for a sewage water treatment plant typically involve several
stages:

1. Site Preparation: Clearing the land, grading, and preparing the foundation for
the treatment plant structures and equipment.

2. Foundation Construction: Building the concrete foundations for various

structures such as tanks, buildings, and equipment platforms.

3. Structure Erection: Erecting the various structures such as sedimentation tanks,

aeration tanks, clarifiers, and buildings for administrative and operational purposes.

4. Piping and Plumbing: Installing the network of pipes for transporting

wastewater and treated water between different treatment stages and for adding
chemicals and additives as needed.

5. Equipment Installation: Installing the treatment equipment such as pumps,

blowers, mixers, screens, and filters according to manufacturer specifications and
design requirements.

6. Electrical and Instrumentation Work: Installing electrical wiring, control

panels, sensors, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the treatment
processes.

7. Testing and Commissioning: Testing all equipment, systems, and processes to

ensure they meet design specifications and regulatory requirements.

As for contract documents, they typically include:

1. Scope of Work: Clearly defining the work to be performed, including all

construction activities, equipment installation, testing, and commissioning.
2. Specifications: Detailing the technical requirements and standards that the
construction must meet, including materials, equipment, dimensions, and
performance criteria.

3. Drawings: Providing detailed engineering drawings showing the layout,

dimensions, and specifications of all structures, equipment, piping, and electrical
systems.

4. Contract Conditions: Outlining the terms and conditions of the contract,

including payment terms, schedule, insurance requirements, warranties, and
dispute resolution procedures.

5. Bill of Quantities: Listing the quantities and types of materials, equipment, and
labor required for each aspect of the construction work.

6. Health and Safety Plan: Describing the safety measures and procedures to be
followed during construction to ensure the health and safety of workers and the
public.

7. Quality Assurance Plan: Detailing the procedures and protocols for ensuring
that construction work meets quality standards and regulatory requirements.

8. Environmental Management Plan: Outlining measures to minimize

environmental impact during construction, such as erosion control, waste
management, and protection of natural habitats.

These documents form the basis of the contract between the project owner and the
contractor(s) responsible for building the sewage water treatment plant.

CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF POLLUTION CONTOL

MEASURES

The construction and operation of pollution control measures involve several steps
and considerations:
1. Identifying Pollution Sources: Conducting a thorough assessment to identify
sources of pollution, whether it's industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, or urban
wastewater.

2. Designing Control Measures: Developing appropriate pollution control

measures based on the specific sources and types of pollutants involved. This could
include installing treatment systems, implementing best management practices, or
redesigning processes to minimize pollution generation.

3. Construction of Control Facilities: Building the necessary infrastructure and

facilities to implement the pollution control measures. This may involve
constructing treatment plants, installing sedimentation ponds, building barriers to
contain pollutants, or implementing green infrastructure solutions like vegetative
buffers.

4. Implementation of Monitoring Systems: Installing monitoring systems to

continuously assess the effectiveness of pollution control measures track changes
in pollutant levels over time. This could involve water quality monitoring stations,
air quality sensors, or soil sampling programs.

5. Training and Capacity Building: Providing training to staff responsible for

operating and maintaining pollution control facilities. This ensures that they
understand how the systems work and can respond effectively to any issues that
arise.

6. Regular Maintenance and Inspection: Establishing a schedule for routine

maintenance and inspection of pollution control facilities to ensure they remain in
good working condition. This includes cleaning filters, replacing worn-out parts,
and repairing any damage.

7. Compliance Monitoring and Reporting: Implementing procedures to monitor

compliance with regulatory requirements and reporting obligations. This may
involve submitting periodic reports to regulatory agencies documenting pollutant
levels, treatment performance, and any incidents or violations.

8. Adaptive Management: Continuously evaluating the effectiveness of pollution

control measures and making adjustments as needed based on monitoring data and
changing conditions. This could involve upgrading treatment systems,
implementing additional measures, or modifying operational practices to achieve
better pollution reduction outcomes.

By following these steps and integrating construction, operation, and monitoring

activities, pollution control measures can effectively mitigate environment.

GREENBELT AND LANDSCAPNG

Greenbelts and landscaping around sewage water treatment plants serve several
purposes, including:

1. Aesthetic Enhancement: Greenery and landscaping can improve the visual

appearance of the treatment plant and help integrate it into the surrounding
environment, reducing its visual impact on the landscape.

2. Noise and Visual Buffer: Dense vegetation can help absorb sound and create a
buffer zone between the treatment plant and nearby residential or sensitive areas,
reducing noise pollution and providing visual screening.

3. Air Quality Improvement: Trees and plants contribute to air quality by

absorbing pollutants and producing oxygen, helping to mitigate any odors or
emissions from the treatment process.

4. Erosion Control: Vegetation helps stabilize soil and prevent erosion, especially
on slopes and embankments within the treatment plant site.

5. Habitat Creation: Greenbelts and landscaping can provide habitat for wildlife,
including birds, insects, and small mammals, contributing to biodiversity
conservation in the area.

When planning greenbelts and landscaping for a sewage water treatment plant,
considerations may include:
- Native Plants: Choosing native plant species adapted to the local climate and soil
conditions can reduce water usage and maintenance requirements while promoting
biodiversity.

- Water Conservation: Implementing water-efficient irrigation systems and

drought-tolerant landscaping practices can minimize water usage and reduce the
need for supplemental watering.

- Low-Maintenance Design: Selecting plants and landscaping features that require

minimal maintenance, such as perennial grasses, shrubs, and groundcovers, can
help reduce ongoing maintenance costs for the treatment plant.

- Accessibility: Designing pathways, viewing areas, and recreational spaces within

the greenbelt can allow for public access and educational opportunities, fostering
community engagement and appreciation for environmental stewardship.

- Stormwater Management: Incorporating stormwater management practices,

such as rain gardens, swales, and permeable surfaces, can help capture and treat
runoff from the treatment plant site, reducing pollution and improving water
quality in surrounding water bodies.

Overall, thoughtful planning and design of greenbelts and landscaping around

sewage water treatment plants can enhance both the environmental and aesthetic
qualities of the site while providing important ecological benefits to the
surrounding area.

REUSE OF WASTES

Reuse of wastes, also known as waste recycling or upcycling, is a critical

component of sustainable waste management. Here are several ways waste can be
reused:

1. Composting: Organic waste such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and paper
products can be composted to produce nutrient-rich soil amendment for gardening
and agriculture.
2. Material Recovery: Materials like glass, plastic, paper, and metal can be sorted,
cleaned, and processed for recycling into new products, conserving natural
resources and reducing landfill waste.

3. Waste-to-Energy: Some types of waste, such as biomass, municipal solid

waste, and certain plastics, can be converted into energy through processes like
incineration, gasification, or anaerobic digestion, providing a renewable energy
source while reducing landfill volume.

4. Upcycling: Turning waste materials into new products of higher value or

quality. For example, old clothing can be repurposed into new garments, and
discarded wood can be transformed into furniture or art.

5. Biogas Production: Organic waste, including food waste, agricultural residues,

and wastewater sludge, can be anaerobically digested to produce biogas, a
renewable energy source primarily composed of methane.

6. Construction Materials: Certain types of waste, such as concrete, asphalt, and

demolished building materials, can be crushed and reused as aggregate in new
construction projects, reducing the demand for virgin materials.

7. Water Reclamation: Wastewater can be treated and reclaimed for non-potable

uses such as irrigation, industrial processes, and toilet flushing, conserving
freshwater resources and reducing discharge to water.

Managing a sewage water treatment plant involves coordinating personnel and

resources efficiently. Here's an outline of the typical organization structure:

1. Executive Management:

- Plant Manager: Responsible for overseeing the overall operation of the

treatment plant, including budgeting, staffing, and regulatory compliance.

- Assistant Plant Manager: Assists the plant manager in daily operations and
management tasks.

2. Operations Department:
 - Operations Supervisor: Manages shift operations, ensures compliance with
operational procedures, and oversees maintenance activities.

- Operators: Responsible for operating equipment, conducting routine

inspections, and responding to alarms and emergencies. Managing a sewage water
treatment plant involves coordinating personnel and resources efficiently. Here's an
outline of the typical organization structure:

3. Maintenance Department:

- Maintenance Supervisor: Manages maintenance activities, schedules repairs,

and ensures equipment reliability.

- Maintenance Technicians: Perform preventive and corrective maintenance on

equipment, troubleshoot issues, and repair machinery.

4. Laboratory Department:

- Laboratory Manager: Oversees water quality testing, data analysis, and

compliance reporting.

- Laboratory Technicians: Conduct water quality tests, analyze samples, and

maintain laboratory equipment.

5. Administrative Department:

- Administrative Assistant: Provides clerical support, manages records, and

assists with billing and customer inquiries.

- Human Resources Manager: Handles recruitment, training, payroll, and

employee relations.

- Finance Manager: Manages budgeting, accounting, and financial reporting for

the treatment plant.

6. Health and Safety Department:

- Health and Safety Officer: Implements safety policies, conducts training, and
ensures compliance with health and safety regulations.
 - Environmental Compliance Specialist: Monitors environmental regulations,
conducts audits, and ensures compliance with permits.

7. External Support Services:

- Contracted Services: External contractors may provide specialized services

such as sludge disposal, equipment maintenance, or laboratory testing.

In terms of resources, a sewage water treatment plant requires various assets,

including:

- Treatment equipment such as pumps, screens, clarifiers, aeration tanks, and

filters.

- Laboratory equipment for water quality testing and analysis.

- Maintenance tools and vehicles for servicing equipment and facilities.

- Administrative infrastructure such as offices, computer systems, and

communication networks.

- Financial resources for operational expenses, maintenance, and capital

improvements.

Efficient management of personnel and resources is essential for ensuring the

effective operation of a sewage water treatment plant and compliance with
regulatory requirements while maintaining cost-effectiveness and
environmental sustainability.

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MONITORING

The objective of Environmental Quality Monitoring is to identify standard

guidelines and approach to preserving environmental aspects by preventing and
controlling environmental pollution and the management of nuisance, resulting
from Construction of Two Sewage Treatment Plants Including a Faecal Sludge
Treatment Plant under the Khulna Sewerage System Development Project
(KSSDP). The objectives of Environmental Monitoring are listed below-
• To detect any disruption of the environment according to national / project
standards.

• To identify the impact sources due to the construction of two sewage treatment
plants including the fecal sludge treatment plant and its ancillary works.

• To evaluate the quantitative (Air Quality Monitoring, Noise Level Measurement,

Vibration Level Measurement and Surface Water Sampling) activities during the
construction stage.

• To mitigate the identified impacts and promote best environmental on-site

practices during the construction phase.

Noise Quality Monitoring methodology

The ambient noise level has been measured within the project area for 1
hour at every location. One Noise data logger sound level meter
(Techoplus Model: SLM25K) was used to collect the ambient noise
levels. After getting all the noise it has been downloaded to the computer.
The noise meter was settled in a tripod and will keep it 2-3 m away from
the sources. Only sensitive areas have been covered. The noise level has
been analyzed according to the methodology and compared with the
Environment Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997- Schedule 4 and Noise
Pollution Control Rules, 2006. Noise level measurement data has been
measured during the daytime [21,22].
In all cases, the sound level meter (SLM) was mounted on a tripod at 1.5
m above ground level and at least 3.5 m away from any sound-reflecting
surfaces. The SLM was oriented towards the facility of interest for each
measurement taken. The measurements were made using a Noise data
logger. The SLM was calibrated before the noise monitoring survey was
carried out. The sound level was recorded in form of A-weighted
equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values with the use of
A-weighting filters in the noise measuring instrument. Then noise level
data has been analyzed to Leqday, Leqnight, Lmax and Lmin.
 Table: Noise Quality Results of Package STP
Sl. Code Noise level Standar Remarks
No. [dB(A)] d
Leqd Leqni Lma Lm Day Night
ay ght x in
1. NL1 52.6 37.2 63.4 32. 55 45 Within the Standard
7 Limit
2. NL2 54.7 38.6 65.2 35. 55 45 Within the Standard
5 Limit

Noise quality over the project sites both sewer network and STP sites are
withing the standard limit according the ECR’97, (Schedule 4)
(subsequent amendment in 2006).

Sl. Parameters Unit Sampling *Bangladesh

No. Code Standards
SW1 SW2
1. Temperature °C 22.3 22.2 --
2. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.2 6.1 5 or more
3. Biological Oxygen mg/L 1.6 0.6 6 or less
Demand (BOD)
4. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 23 18 --
(COD)
5. Nitrate mg/L <0.01 <0.01 --
6. Phosphate mg/L 0.02 0.01 --
7. Salinity ppt 0.98 0.21 --
8. Fecal Coliform (FC) N/100 32 46 --
ml
9. Chromium (Cr) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 --
Public involvement in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report of
a wastewater treatment plant is crucial for several reasons:

1. Transparency and Accountability: Involving the public ensures transparency

in the decision-making process regarding the establishment of a wastewater
treatment plant. It holds authorities accountable for considering community
concerns and interests.

2. Local Knowledge: Members of the public often possess valuable local

knowledge about environmental issues, potential impacts, and community needs.
Their input can provide insights that might not be captured through technical
assessments alone.

3. Community Concerns: Public involvement allows community members to

voice their concerns and preferences regarding the proposed wastewater treatment
plant. This ensures that their perspectives are taken into account and addressed in
the planning and decision-making process.

4. Impact Assessment: Public input can help identify potential environmental,

social, and health impacts that might have been overlooked in the initial
assessment. This broader perspective can lead to a more comprehensive evaluation
of the project's effects.

5. Enhanced Acceptance: Engaging the public fosters a sense of ownership and

acceptance of the project within the community. When community members feel
included in the decision-making process, they are more likely to support the project
and collaborate with authorities to mitigate potential negative impacts.

Methods for public involvement in the EIA process may include public meetings,
consultations, workshops, distributing information materials, and utilizing online
platforms for feedback. It's essential to ensure that the process is inclusive,
transparent, and accessible to all stakeholders, including marginalized groups and
those directly affected by the project.

AUTHORS RECOMMENDATIONS
The rapid urbanization in Khulna, Bangladesh has led to significant sanitation
challenges, including open defecation and limited access to improved sanitation
facilities. The Khulna Sewage System Development Project is an initiative aimed
at addressing these challenges by improving wastewater management
infrastructure. The project includes the construction or rehabilitation of sewage
collection networks, wastewater treatment plants, and wastewater disposal systems.
To ensure the safety of environment, the project authority recruited an
environmental safeguard officer (ESO) to monitor environmental safeguard issues
during construction to ensure essential improvement and high-quality
implementation. The ES officer will frequently communicate with both the PMSC
and the contractor's representative to coordinate projects. However, from the
PMSC site, an environmental expert is also working at the project sites and looking
after all environmental safeguard issues regularly on an intermittent basis.
Environmental Expert from PMSC and Environmental Officer from PMU will
monitor throughout the project to ensure environmental safety issues. Also, there
are several guidelines for contactors that compliance statuses with statutory
environmental requirements which includes the waste management, soil quality
management, hazardous goods management, air and water quality management.
Contractors need to follow the Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
accordingly to make the project successful. From air, water, and noise quality
monitoring data analysis, it can be concluded that the project is not hazardous for
environment though before starting the project necessary environmental impact
assessment completed. However, the success of the project without creating
problem to environment depends on continuous monitoring and run the work as a
way in proposed.
 CONCLUSION
Under the proposed Khulna Sewerage System Development Project (KSSDP) will
develop a new sewerage system in Khulna including two Sewage Treatment Plants
Including a Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants, covering commercial and densely
populated areas with about 850,000 population by 2027. The KSSDP aims to
establish a comprehensive sewerage system in Khulna, addressing the existing
sanitation challenges. By providing access to improved sanitation facilities and
promoting responsible wastewater management practices, the project significantly
contributes to improving public health and reducing the spread of waterborne
diseases. It eliminates the practice of open defecation, which improves overall
hygiene and sanitation conditions in the city. The project includes the construction
and rehabilitation of sewage collection networks, treatment plants, and wastewater
disposal systems. By properly collecting, treating, and disposing of wastewater, the
project helps prevent environmental pollution and protects water bodies from
contamination. It reduces the discharge of untreated sewage into groundwater and
surface drains, safeguarding the environment and preserving natural resources.
Overall, the Project brings a range of benefits, including improved sanitation,
environmental protection, health benefits, sustainable urban development, climate
resilience, institutional strengthening, and community awareness. The project's
benefits include a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable city for Khulna
residents, improving their quality of life and safeguarding the environment for
future generations.