Rules of Differentiation

CALCULUS 1:SMA 3100/3112

Dr. Grace Gakii M.

Meru University of Science and Technology

Lesson 5

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Rules of Differentiation

Outline

1 Rules of Differentiation
Product Rule
Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Outline

1 Rules of Differentiation
Product Rule
Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Product Rule.

If f and g are differentiable at x,then fg is differentiable at x,

d
and dx {f (x )g(x )} = f 1 (x )g(x ) + f (x )g 1 (x )
The product rule says that the derivative of the product of
two functions is formed by multiplying the derivative of each
by the other and then adding the results.
d
If u = f (x ) and v = g(x ) then dx (uv ) = u dv du
dx + v dx

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Product rule example

Example
Find the derivative of f(x)=(1-5x2 )(6x 2 − 4x + 1)) Solution
f ! (x ) = (−10x )(6x 2 − 4x + 1) + (1 − 5x 2 )(12x-4)
=−60x 3 + 40x 2 − 10x + 12x − 4 − 60x 3 + 20x 2

Example
x 2 sinx = y ,find y1
du
Let u=x2 dx = 2x , v=sin x , dv d dv du
dx = cos x . dx (uv ) = u dx + v dx .=⇒
1 2 2
y = x cos x + sin x (2x ) = x cos x + 2xsin x

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Product rule example

Example
Find the derivative of f(x)=(1-5x2 )(6x 2 − 4x + 1)) Solution
f ! (x ) = (−10x )(6x 2 − 4x + 1) + (1 − 5x 2 )(12x-4)
=−60x 3 + 40x 2 − 10x + 12x − 4 − 60x 3 + 20x 2

Example
x 2 sinx = y ,find y1
du
Let u=x2 dx = 2x , v=sin x , dv d dv du
dx = cos x . dx (uv ) = u dx + v dx .=⇒
1 2 2
y = x cos x + sin x (2x ) = x cos x + 2xsin x

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
Find the derivative of x 2 e 3x
du
let u=x2 , dx = 2x , v = e 3x dv 3x d
dx = 3e , dx (uv ) =
dv du d
u dx + v dx . ⇒ dx (x e ) = x 3e + e (2x ) = 3x 2 e 3x + 2xe 3x
2 3x 2 3x 3x

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
Find the derivative of x 2 e 3x
du
let u=x2 , dx = 2x , v = e 3x dv 3x d
dx = 3e , dx (uv ) =
dv du d
u dx + v dx . ⇒ dx (x e ) = x 3e + e (2x ) = 3x 2 e 3x + 2xe 3x
2 3x 2 3x 3x

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Outline

1 Rules of Differentiation
Product Rule
Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Quotient Rule

f (x )
The quotient g(x ) of 2 differentiable functions f and g is itself
differentiable at all values of x for which g(x)6= 0.
g(x )f 1 (x )−f (x )g 1 (x )
 
d f (x )
The quotient rule is given by dx g(x ) = (g(x ))2
.
du
d u v dx −u dv
If we let u=f(x) and v=g(x) then, dx ( v ) = v2
dx

Example
5x −2
x 2 +1
= y , find y1
du
du 2 dv d u v dx −u dv
Let u=5x-2, dx = 5, v=x + 1, dx = 2x then dx ( v )= v2
dx
,=⇒
(x 2 +1)(5)−(5x −2)(2x ) 2 2 −5x
(x 2 +1)2
= 5x +5−10x
(x 2 +1)2
+4x
= 5+4x
(x 2 +1)2

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Quotient Rule

f (x )
The quotient g(x ) of 2 differentiable functions f and g is itself
differentiable at all values of x for which g(x)6= 0.
g(x )f 1 (x )−f (x )g 1 (x )
 
d f (x )
The quotient rule is given by dx g(x ) = (g(x ))2
.
du
d u v dx −u dv
If we let u=f(x) and v=g(x) then, dx ( v ) = v2
dx

Example
5x −2
x 2 +1
= y , find y1
du
du 2 dv d u v dx −u dv
Let u=5x-2, dx = 5, v=x + 1, dx = 2x then dx ( v )= v2
dx
,=⇒
(x 2 +1)(5)−(5x −2)(2x ) 2 2 −5x
(x 2 +1)2
= 5x +5−10x
(x 2 +1)2
+4x
= 5+4x
(x 2 +1)2

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
d
Show that dx tan x = sec 2 x
sin x du dv
tan x = cos x . Let u=sin x, dx = cos x , v=cos x, dx = −sin x .
d sin x sin x sin x +cos xcos x
dx ( cos x ) = cos 2 x
= cos12 x = sec 2 x .

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
d
Show that dx tan x = sec 2 x
sin x du dv
tan x = cos x . Let u=sin x, dx = cos x , v=cos x, dx = −sin x .
d sin x sin x sin x +cos xcos x
dx ( cos x ) = cos 2 x
= cos12 x = sec 2 x .

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Outline

1 Rules of Differentiation
Product Rule
Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Chain Rule

Suppose that g is differentiable at x and that f is differentiable

at g(x). Then the composition h = f o g defined by h(x) =
f(g(x)) is differentiable at x and its derivative is: h1 (x) =
f1 (g(x)).g1 (x).
Suppose
 that
  y is
 function of u and u is a function of x , then:
dy dy du
dx = du . dx .

Example
Differentiate w.r.t x the following functions.
1 (3x + 4)4

5
2 x 2 + 5x

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example cont...

Solution
1 Let y = (3x + 4)4 and u = 3x + 4 then y = u 4 ⇒ dy
du = 4u 3
du
and dx = 3. But
   
dy dy du
dx = du . dx = 4u 3 (3) = 12u 3 = 12(3x + 4)3 .

5
2 Let y = x 2 + 5x and u = x 2 + 5x , then;
dy 4 and du = 2x + 5. But
y = u5  du = 5u dx
dy dy du 4 )(2x + 5) = 5(x 2 + 5x )(2x + 5).
dx = du . dx = (5u

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
Differentiate f(x)=cos 2 x w.r.t x
Solution
Writing f(x) as a composite function we have f(x)=g(u(x)) where
u=cos x and g(u)=u2 .
d dg du dg
dx f (x ) = du dx =⇒ du = 2u,
du d
dx = −sin x dx f (x ) = −2usin x = −2cos xsin x

Example
Differentiate the function f(x)=etanx w.r.t.x
du d
Let u(x)=tan x, then f(x)=f(u(x))=eu(x ) . dx = dx tan x =sec2 x and
df d u u df df du u 2 tan x sec 2 x .
du = du e = e . Hence dx = du dx = e sec x = e

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
Differentiate f(x)=cos 2 x w.r.t x
Solution
Writing f(x) as a composite function we have f(x)=g(u(x)) where
u=cos x and g(u)=u2 .
d dg du dg
dx f (x ) = du dx =⇒ du = 2u,
du d
dx = −sin x dx f (x ) = −2usin x = −2cos xsin x

Example
Differentiate the function f(x)=etanx w.r.t.x
du d
Let u(x)=tan x, then f(x)=f(u(x))=eu(x ) . dx = dx tan x =sec2 x and
df d u u df df du u 2 tan x sec 2 x .
du = du e = e . Hence dx = du dx = e sec x = e

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
1
Find the derivative of the function f(x)=(sin x) 2 .
1
du d
Let u(x)=sin x, then f(x)=f(u(x))=u 2 . dx = dx sin x = cos x and
−1
df d 21
du = du u = 21 u 2
−1 −1
df df du
dx = du dx = 12 u 2 cos x = 12 (sin) 2 cos x = cos x
1 .
2(sin) 2

NOTE
n−1 0
General power rule is dy
dx = n [f (x )] f (x ).
dy
That is if y=(ax+b) then dx = n(ax + b)n−1 a = an(ax + b)n−1 .
n

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Example

Example
1
Find the derivative of the function f(x)=(sin x) 2 .
1
du d
Let u(x)=sin x, then f(x)=f(u(x))=u 2 . dx = dx sin x = cos x and
−1
df d 21
du = du u = 21 u 2
−1 −1
df df du
dx = du dx = 12 u 2 cos x = 12 (sin) 2 cos x = cos x
1 .
2(sin) 2

NOTE
n−1 0
General power rule is dy
dx = n [f (x )] f (x ).
dy
That is if y=(ax+b) then dx = n(ax + b)n−1 a = an(ax + b)n−1 .
n

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Trigonometric functions and chain rule

Example
Find dy
dx given y=sin 2x
du dy
Let u=2x, then dx = 2 thus y=sin u du = cos u.Therefore
dy du dy
dx = dx . du = 2cos u = 2cos 2x .

Example
Given y=sin3 4t, find dy
dt .
3
Let y=(sin 4t) and let u=sin 4t then y=u3 . and dy 2
du = 3u .To find
du
dt we use chain rule again. Let w=4t,
dw du du du dw
dt = 4, u = sin w , dw = cos w , dt = dw dt = 4cos 4t. Now
dy dy du 2 2
dt = du dt = (3u )(4cos 4t) = 12sin 4t cos 4t.

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Note

NB
d
1
dx [sin f (x )] = f 1 (x )cos f (x )
d
2
dx [cos f (x )] = −f 1 (x ) sin f(x)
d
3
dx [cos n x ] = −n cos n−1 x sin x
d
4
dx [sinn x ] = n sin n−1 x cos x

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Exercise

Differentiate the following functions

1 f(x)=sin x cos x
2 f(x)=ex cos x
3 y=x2 sin x
4 f(x)= cos
ex
x

5 f(x)= sinx x
6 y=ln(cos x)
x
7 y= ine x
8 y = (3x 3 + 5x )2
9 y=(6x 2 − 4x )−2
−2
10 y = (3x 2 − 5x ) 3

Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1

 Product Rule
Rules of Differentiation Quotient Rule
Chain Rule

Exercise
√ dy
1 y=sin x find dx
q
1+sin x dy 1
2 If y = 1−sin x show that dx = 1−sin x
3 If m is a positive integer,nd the dierential coecients w.r.t.x of
1 sinm x
2 sin(x m )
4 Find the derivative of the following functions
1 f(x)=e4x −5
2 g(x)=e√cos x
3 h(x)= 3x 2 − 4
2
4 y=ex
2
5 f(x)=e3x −5x +3
5 Differentiate each of the functions;
1 f(x)=ln x4
2 y=e2x cos 3x
Dr. Grace Gakii M. CALCULUS 1