MAGPAINOM NAMAN KAY PAZ REVIEWER NYA TO

MARLAW

WEEK 5 - Topic: Loadline 1966

a. General Knowledge - In the 1966 Load Lines convention, adopted by IMO, provisions are made
for determining the freeboard of ships by subdivision and damage stability calculations. The regulations take into
account the potential hazards present in different zones and different seasons. b. Technical Knowledge - A
loadline, also known as a Plimsoll line or waterline mark, is a set of markings on a ship's hull that indicates the
maximum safe draft to which the vessel can be loaded under different conditions. Loadlines are important for
ensuring the ship's safety and stability while at sea.
c. Surveys under the LL 1966 - The load line survey ensures that the ship meets the required standards for
buoyancy, stability, and safety by establishing the ship's freeboard marks.
d. Certifications, Documentations and Control Provisions - An International Load Line Certificate (1966)
shall be issued to every ship which has been surveyed and marked in accordance with the present Convention.
Includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships and the issuing of documents signifying
that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention. The Chapter also includes provisions for the control of
ships in ports of other Contracting Governments.

Article 10 - Repairs, Alterations and Modifications

1) A ship which undergoes repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting related thereto shall continue to
comply with at least the requirements previously applicable to the ship. An existing ship in such a case shall
not, as a rule, comply to a lesser extent with the requirements for a new ship than it did before.
2) Repairs, alterations and modifications of a major character and outfitting related thereto should meet the
requirements for a new ship in so far as the Administration deems reasonable and practicable.

Article 11 - Zones and Areas

1. A ship to which the present Convention applies shall comply with the requirements applicable to that ship in
the zones and areas described in Annex II.
2. A port standing on the boundary line between two zones or areas shall be regarded as within the zone or area
from or into which the ship arrives or departs.

Article 12 - Submersion
1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Article, the appropriate loadlines on the sides of the ship
corresponding to the season of the year and the zone or area in which the ship may sail shall not be
submerged at any time when the ship puts to sea, during the voyage or on arrival.
2) When a ship is in fresh water of unity density the appropriate load line may be submerged by the amount of
the fresh water allowance shown on the International Load Line Certificate (1966). Where the density is other
than unity, an allowance shall be made proportional to the difference between 1.025 and the actual density.
3) When a ship departs from a port situated on a river or inland waters, deeper loading shall be permitted
corresponding to the weight of fuel and all other materials required for consumption between the point of
departure and the sea.

Article 13 - Survey, Inspection and Marking

The survey, inspection and marking of ships, as regards the enforcement of the provisions of the present
Convention and the granting of exemptions therefrom, shall be carried out by officers of the Administration. The
Administration may, however, entrust the survey, inspection and marking either to surveyors nominated for the
purpose or to organizations recognized by it. In every case the Administration concerned fully guarantees the
completeness and efficiency of the survey, inspection and marking.

Article 14 - Initial and Periodical Surveys and Inspections

1) A ship shall be subjected to the surveys and inspections specified below:
a) A survey before the ship is put in service, which shall include a complete inspection of its structure and
equipment in so far as the ship is covered by the present Convention. This survey shall be such as to
ensure that the arrangements, material, and scantlings fully comply with the requirements of the present
Convention.
b) A periodical survey at intervals specified by the Administration, but not exceeding five years, which
shall be such as to ensure that the structure, equipment, arrangements, material and scantlings fully comply
with the requirements of the present Convention.
c) A periodical inspection within three months either way of each annual anniversary date of the
certificate, to ensure that alterations have not been made to the hull or superstructures which would affect the
 calculations determining the position of the load line and so as to ensure the maintenance in an effective
condition of fittings and appliances for:
i) protection of openings;
ii) guard rails;
iii) freeing ports; and
iv) means of access to crew’s quarters.
2) The periodical inspections referred to in paragraph (1)(c) of this Article shall be endorsed on the International
Load Line Certificate (1966) or on the International Load Line Exemption Certificate issued to a ship exempted
under paragraph (2) of Article 6 of the present Convention.

Article 15 - Maintenance of Conditions after Survey

After any survey of the ship under Article 14 has been completed, no change shall be made in the structure,
equipment, arrangements, material or scantlings covered by the survey, without the sanction of the
Administration.

Article 16 - Issue of Certificates

1) An International Load Line Certificate (1966) shall be issued to every ship which has been surveyed and
marked in accordance with the present Convention.
2) An International Load Line Exemption Certificate shall be issued to any ship to which an exemption has been
granted under and in accordance with paragraph (2) or (4) of Article 6.
3) Such certificates shall be issued by the Administration or by any person or organization duly authorized by it.
In every case, the Administration assumes full responsibility for the certificate.
4) Notwithstanding any other provision of the present Convention, any international load line certificate which is
current when the present Convention comes into force in respect of the Government of the State whose flag the
ship is flying shall remain valid for two years or until it expires, whichever is earlier. After that time an
International Load Line Certificate (1966) shall be required.

WEEK 6 - Topic: SOLAS Chapter I

a. General Provisions - Includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships and the issuing
of documents signifying that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention. The Chapter also includes
provisions for the control of ships in ports of other Contracting Governments.
b. Surveys
c. Certificates and validity - Immediately after the survey on board, we issue the required international
certificates for proving the safety of the ship and crew, such as: (Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate).
(Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate).(Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate.)
d. Control provisions - Control provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of other
Contracting States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its equipment do not substantially
comply with the requirements of the Convention - this procedure is known as port State control.
e. Casualties -
(a) Each Administration undertakes to conduct an investigation of any casualty occurring to any of its
ships subject to the provisions of the present Convention when it judges that such an investigation may
assist in determining what changes in the present regulations might be desirable.
(b) Each Contracting Government undertakes to supply the Organization with pertinent information
concerning the findings of such investigations. No reports or recommendations of the Organization based
upon such information shall disclose the identity or nationality of the ships concerned or in any manner fix
or imply responsibility upon any ship or person.
Regulation 11 - Maintenance of conditions after survey
(a) The condition of the ship and its equipment shall be maintained to conform with the provisions of the present
regulations to ensure that the ship in all respects will remain fit to proceed to sea without danger to the ship or
persons on board.
(b) After any survey of the ship under regulations 7, 8, 9 or 10 has been completed, no change shall be made in the
structural arrangements, machinery, equipment and other items covered by the survey, without the sanction of the
Administration.
(c) Whenever an accident occurs to a ship or a defect is discovered, either of which affects the safety of the ship or
the efficiency or completeness of its life-saving appliances or other equipment, the master or owner of the ship
shall report at the earliest opportunity to the Administration, the nominated surveyor or recognized organization
responsible for issuing the relevant certificate, who shall cause investigations to be initiated to determine whether
a survey, as required by regulations 7, 8, 9 or 10, is necessary. If the ship is in a port of another Contracting
Government, the master or owner shall also report immediately to the appropriate authorities of the port State and
the nominated surveyor or recognized organization shall ascertain that such a report has been made .
WEEK 7 - Topic: SOLAS Chapter II-1
a. Purpose - *Construction – Structure, Subdivision and Stability, Machinery and Electrical Installations. Chapter
II-1 addresses construction standards for ships. It has 57 regulations that dictate how the construction must be
carried out to ensure that the ship does not sink should a compartment get flooded. *The subdivision of passenger
ships into watertight compartments must be such that after assumed damage to the ship's hull the vessel will
remain afloat and stable.
b. Watertight vs Weathertight Water tight door - They are designed to take the pressure of the head of water
they are designed for. If ballast tank has a door at the lower end and water fills upto 15 mtrs in tank then that door
should be able to hold that water pressure, infact from from any side. Any compartment having water tight door
then water should not leak out or enter in. Wheather tight door - They should not allow water to enter in the
compartment in any weather condition so means from from outisde (one direction). Like hatch covers will not
allow water to go in the cargo hold from outside in any weather condition. Or like accomodation weather tight
doors. But weather tight door will not take the pressure of the water. That means if in above condition we had
weather tight door then at 15 mtrs it will leak or give away. •Main to remember is Water tight - both sides and can
take presure head. Weather tight one side and not design to take pressure of water. •Easy thumb rule- All opening
above waterline are weather tight. All openings below waterline are watertight.
c. Stability information - The purpose of the Code is to present mandatory and recommendatory stability criteria
and other measures for ensuring the safe operation of ships, to minimize the risk to such ships, to the personnel on
board and to the environment.
d. Stability management - Intact stability deals with the ship's stability in normal operating conditions, while
damaged stability evaluates its stability and ability to stay afloat after sustaining damage or flooding. Both aspects
are important in ensuring the safety and seaworthiness of a vessel.
e. Machinery Installations - Main internal combustion propulsion machinery and auxiliary machinery shall be
provided with automatic shutoff arrangements in the case of failures such as lubricating oil supply failure which
could lead rapidly to complete breakdown, serious damage or explosion. The Administration may permit
provisions for overriding automatic shutoff devices
f. Electrical installations - •Emergency generating sets shall be capable of being readily started in their cold
condition at a temperature of 0°C. If this is impracticable, or if lower temperatures are likely to be encountered,
provision acceptable to the Administration shall be made for the maintenance of heating arrangements, to ensure
ready starting of the generating sets. •Main and emergency switchboards shall be so arranged as to give easy
access as may be needed to apparatus and equipment, without danger to personnel. The sides and the rear and,
where necessary, the front of switchboards shall be suitably guarded. Exposed live parts having voltages to earth
exceeding 50 volts shall not be installed on the front of the switchboards. Isle of Man Ship Registry Manx
Shipping Notice 059 Page 7 of 7 www.iomshipregistry.com voltages to earth exceeding a voltage to be specified
by the Administration shall not be installed on the front of such switchboards. Where necessary, nonconducting
mats or gratings shall be provided at the front and rear of the switchboard. •In tankers, electrical equipment,
cables and wiring shall not be installed in hazardous locations unless it conforms with standards not inferior to
those acceptable to the Organization. However, for locations not covered by such standards, electrical equipment,
cables and wiring which do not conform to the standards may be installed in hazardous locations based on a risk
assessment to the satisfaction of the Administration, to ensure that an equivalent level of safety is assured.
g. UMS - Essential Requirements for Unattended Machinery Space (UMS) Ship: 
 Fire Precaution. ... 
 Protection against Flooding. ...
 Control of Propulsion Machinery from Navigation Bridge. ...
 Centralized control & instruments are required in Machinery Space. ... 
 Automatic Fire Detection. ... 
 Fire Extinguishing System. ... 
 Alarm System 
h. Documentation and other certification - (Regulation 22,24, 25, and 29, SOLAS Chapter II-1 Part C)
Regulation 29 - Unless expressly provided otherwise, every ship shall be provided with a main steering gear and
an auxiliary steering gear to the satisfaction of the Administration.

Chapter II-1 - Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations. The subdivision
of passenger ships into watertight compartments must be such that after assumed damage to the ship's hull the
vessel will remain afloat and stable .
Part B-4 - Stability Management
Regulation 22 - Prevention and control of water ingress, etc. 1. All watertight doors shall be kept closed during
navigation except that they may be opened during navigation as specified in paragraph 2. Watertight doors
located below the bulkhead deck of passenger ships and the freeboard deck of cargo ships having a maximum
 clear opening width of more than 1.2 m shall be kept closed during navigation, except for limited periods when
absolutely necessary as determined by the Administration. 3. Watertight doors of a width of more than 1.2 m in
machinery spaces as permitted by regulation 13.10 may only be opened in the circumstances detailed in that
regulation. Any door which is opened in accordance with this paragraph shall be ready to be immediately closed.

Regulation 24 - Additional requirements for prevention and control of water ingress, etc. in cargo ships
1. Openings in the shell plating below the deck limiting the vertical extent of damage shall be kept permanently
closed during navigation.
2. Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph 3, the Administration may authorize that particular doors may
be opened at the discretion of the master, if necessary for the operation of the ship and provided that the safety of
the ship is not impaired.
3. Watertight doors or ramps fitted to internally subdivide large cargo spaces shall be closed before the voyage
commences and shall be kept closed during navigation. The time at which such doors are opened or closed shall
be recorded in such log-book as may be prescribed by the Administration.

Regulation 25 - Water level detectors on single hold cargo ships other than bulk carriers
1. Single hold cargo ships other than bulk carriers constructed before 1 January 2007 shall comply with the
requirements of this regulation not later than 31 December 2009.
2. Ships having a length (L) of less than 80 m, or 100 m if constructed before 1 July 1998, and a single cargo
hold below the freeboard deck or cargo holds below the freeboard deck which are not separated by at least
one bulkhead made watertight up to that deck, shall be fitted in such space or spaces with water level
detectors.
3. The water level detectors required by paragraph 2 shall: •
.1 give an audible and visual alarm at the navigation bridge when the water level above the Inner bottom in
the cargo hold reaches a height of not less than 0.3 m, and another when such level reaches not more
than 15% of the mean depth of the cargo hold; and •
.2 be fitted at the aft end of the hold, or above its lowest part where the inner bottom is not parallel to the
designed waterline. •
.3 Where webs or partial watertight bulkheads are fitted above the inner bottom, Administrations may
require the fitting of additional detectors.
4. The water level detectors required by paragraph 2 need not be fitted in ships complying with regulation
XII/12, or in ships having watertight side compartments each side of the cargo hold length extending
vertically at least from inner bottom to freeboard deck.

WEEK 8 - 12hrs before departure

Within twelve hours before departure of the ship from port, following systems to be checked and tested: 
 Main steering gear and system 
 Auxiliary steering gear and system 
 The remote control systems of steering gear 
 The steering position indicator on the navigation bridge 
 The emergency power supply to one of the steering unit 
 The rudder angle indicators showing actual position of the rudder 
 Power failure alarms for the remote steering gear control system 
 Power unit failure alarms for the steering gear unit 
 Automatic isolating arrangements and other automatic equipment
Following listed procedure must be included along with the check and tests described above:
1. The full movement of the rudder as per the required capabilities of the steering gear system present onboard
2. A visual inspection of all the linkages and connection in the steering gear
3. The means of communication between the steering gear room and navigational bridge must always be
operational