Lec3 EE483
Lec3 EE483
Lec3 EE483
But the “European System” found its way to the most of the countries in
the world. There are only twelve major countries that are employing
American System of 60Hz as standard frequency. The rest of the world
is IEC-based.
North American & European Service Voltages
ANSI Standard voltage classification at 60Hz
Ø Today, residences and small factories in Europe and most other countries in
the world use a voltage between “220V to 240V, whereas in Japan and in
most of North America, the voltage is between 100V to 127V for residences.
The international size standard wire sizes are given in the IEC 60228 if the
International Electrotechnical Commission. In the North America on the other
hand, the American Wire Guage (AWG) is still used.
While European cables are in the metric system, the US did not “metricate” their
wires and cables sizes. US cable manufacturers and the NEC maintained the
AWG/kCMil method of sizing.
Philippine manufacturers uses metric and PEC also follow the metric as Europe.
But it must be noted that Philippines’ wires and cables has no direct equivalent
of the mm^2 cross-sectional area of the conductors to the Europe standards
sizes.
ELECTRIC WIRES
Conductor Sizing:
- The size of a conductor are express in two ways
a. American Wire Gauge (AWG) – American standard
b. Metric system in terms of mm2 – Philippine standard
Table of approximate equivalent:
Say:
A 5.5mm2 THW copper wire from Table 3.10.2.6(B)(16) has the following ratings:
Ampacity = 35 A Maximum operating temperature = 75°C
Analysis:
In this conductor, 75°C is the maximum safe temperature that the insulation could withstand while conductor capacity is
35A (full-load ampacity) at an ambient temperature of 30°C, that is
75°C = 30°C (Ambient temperature) + 45°C (temperature of heat generated by the wire while carrying full
ampacity of 35A)
Note: if the ambient temperature is greater than 30°C, and the conductor is forced to carry 35A, the temperature at
which the conductor is operating will exceeds 75°C and the insulation will deteriorate that will cause fire.
Derating based on Ambient
Temperature
Example :
Determine the total derating conductor ampacity for a 150mm2 THW copper
conductor used in a three phase, four wire circuit supplying a nonlinear load in an
ambient temperature of 43°C.
Solutions:
The table listed the ampacity @ 30°C ambient temperature is 285A. The ambient
temperature correction factor is 0.93. Since the load is nonlinear, the neutral is counted
as current carrying conductor. Therefore there are four current carrying conductors in
the raceway and the raceway fill adjustment factor is 0.80.
Classification of XLPE:
1. Type XHHW for 75ºC maximum operating temperature in wet and
90ºC in dry locations only.
Extruded Dielectric Cables