SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO KỲ THI LẬP ĐỘI TUYỂN DỰ THI

ĐẮK LẮK HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA THPT NĂM HỌC 2021-2022
MÔN: TIẾNG ANH
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC Ngày thi: 24/11/2021 (Buổi thi thứ nhất)
(Đề thi gồm có 15 trang) Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
(Thí sinh làm bài ngay trên đề thi này)

CHỮ KÝ CỦA 02 GIÁM KHẢO ĐIỂM THI SỐ PHÁCH

BẰNG SỐ BẰNG CHỮ

I. LISTENING (60 points)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 02 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây.
 Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc.
 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.

Part 1. For questions 1-5, you will hear an interview with David McKinley, who recently opened
“The Adventure Centre” an adventure sports center in Scotland, and decide whether the following
statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
1. David was first inspired to set up “The Adventure Centre” when he was working as a TV
cameraman.
2. David describes himself as over-critical of others when he was asked to sum himself up.
3. David says that the most memorable period of his career involved watching something being built.
4. David tells us that his customers have unrealistic expectations about participation in adventure sports.
5. David thinks he will have difficulty in encouraging more interest in adventure sports.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a piece of news from BBC about solar energy and fill in the
missing information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each
answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
6. According to the report, energy from the Sun is converted into electricity by __________.
7. To make one type of solar cell, the researchers have placed a __________ with a chemical that
is much cheaper, completely safe and works just well.
8. Magnesium chloride, the new compound is found in bath salts and sea water and costs much
less than the currently used __________.
9. Dr. Jon Major states that if we could reduce the cost of making the solar cells, we could really
make the difference into making solar energy __________ with fossil fuels.
10. However, more work will need to be done to see if the cost savings in the lab can work on
__________.

Your answers:
6. 7.
8. 9.
10.

Page 1 of 15 pages
Part 3. You will hear part of a radio phone-in programme about journalists who interview famous
people. For questions 11-15, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you
hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
11. In his introduction, the presenter says that celebrity interviewers _______
A. are given considerable prominence in most British papers.
B. attract more attention than they probably wish to.
C. are pleased to be regarded as possessing great expertise.
D. require different skills from other types of journalist.
12. Lynn Barber says that her approach involves _______
A. asking only questions that interviewees will have difficulty answering.
B. making it clear that she does not believe some of what interviewees tell her.
C. pointing out contradictions in what interviewees have said previously.
D. making interviewees who she dislikes believe that she likes them.
13. What does Zoe Heller say about the people she interviews?
A. She is glad that they do not have an opportunity to interview her.
B. Few of them appreciate how much effort she puts into her interviews.
C. She is less concerned about upsetting some of them than others.
D. They should not be surprised by what happens when she interviews them.
14. Angela Lambert dislikes it when interviewees _______
A. think that she genuinely likes them a lot.
B. ask her to leave out minor matters.
C. accuse her of insincerity.
D. are too nervous to speak openly.
15. Ray Connolly implies that his approach may involve _______
A. trying to make interviewees sound more interesting than they really are.
B. rephrasing things interviewees say if they don’t make sense.
C. making sure that interviewees stick to the order he has decided on.
D. excluding comments that interviewees may come out to regret.
Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 4. You will hear a part of a lecture about learning bilingualism. For questions 16-20, complete
the sentences below. Write ONLY ONE WORD taken from the recording for each answer in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
16. Bilingualism can be defined as having an equal level of communicative __________ in two or
more languages.
17. Early research suggested that bilingualism caused problems with __________ and mental development.
18. Early research into bilingualism is now rejected because it did not consider the __________ and
__________ backgrounds of the children.
19. It is now thought that there is a __________ relationship between bilingualism and cognitive skills
in children.
20. Research done by Ellen Bialystok in Canada now suggests that the effects of bilingualism also
apply to __________.
Your answers:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

For questions 21-25, choose the answer (A, B, or C) which fits best according to what you hear.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
21. In Dr. Bialystok’s experiment, the subjects had to react according to _______
A. the location of the square on the screen.
B. the colour of the square on the screen.
C. the location of the shift key on the keyboard.

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22. The experiment demonstrated the ‘Simon effect’ because it involved a conflict between _______
A. demonstrating awareness of shape and colour.
B. producing fast and slow reactions.
C. seeing something and reacting to it.
23. The experiment shows that, compared with the monolingual subjects, the bilingual subjects _______
A. were more intelligent.
B. had faster reaction times overall.
C. had more problems with the ‘Simon effect’.
24. The results of the experiment indicate that bilingual people may be better at _______
A. focusing only on what is needed to do a task.
B. doing different types of tasks at the same time.
C. thinking about several things at once.
25. Dr. Bialystok’s first and second experiments both suggest that bilingualism may _______
A. help old people to stay in better physical condition.
B. lead to mental confusion among old people.
C. slow down the effects of old age on the brain.
Your answers:
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (20 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following
questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
26. A new generation of performers, ______ those who by now had become a household name, honed
their skills before following the same path onto television.
A. no less talented than B. along with talented as
C. together with talented as D. having been more talented than
27. My mother always told me that I shouldn’t judge people ______. The way they look says nothing
about their character.
A. by their appearance B. with their outlook C. through appearance D. by their face
28. Nobody, even the best doctors, expected Frank’s ______ to be so quick and successful after so
severe an accident.
A. renewal B. resumption C. recuperation D. remuneration
29. Unanswered, the demands for nuclear deterrents have ______fears of civil war.
A. flashed up B. prognosticated C. sidetracked D. stoked up
30. Little did I imagine The Amazing Race would entail long-winded journeys and ups and downs
______.
A. aplenty B. inexhaustibly C. profusely D. superabundant
31. Researchers have made a(n) ______ plea for more sponsorship so that they can continue their project.
A. compassionate B. dispassionate C. encompassed D. impassioned
32. Although he acts tough, ______.
A. his bark is worse than his bite B. he’s a tough nut to crack
C. he’s learned the hard way D. he isn’t up to scratch
33. Towards the end of the film Thelma and Louise, a large truck is ______ by the main characters
when they shoot its tank, which is full of oil.
A. shot off B. struck in C. poured out D. blown up
34. In the novella, Hadji Murat is an important figure among the Chechens, but he ______ the main
leader Sheikh Shamil following an argument.
A. sets apart from B. falls out with C. cuts back on D. keeps out of
35. He was wearing very shabby, dirty clothes and looked very ______.
A. easy-going B. down to teeth C. out of shape D. down at heel
36. I’m afraid you’ve caught me on the ______. I wasn’t expecting you until this afternoon.
A. stove B. grapevine C. spot D. hop
37. The escaped prisoner fought ______ before he was finally overpowered.
A. head over heels B. tooth and nail C. heart and soul D. foot and mouth
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38. I didn’t suspect anything at first, but when I noticed her going through the office drawers I began
to smell ______.
A. a rat B. a pig C. a thief D. a culprit
39. Nagging Susan to stop smoking has no effect on her. It’s like water off ______.
A. a windmill B. a duck’s back C. a dripping tap D. an umbrella
40. I hope the computer course starts this term. We’re all as keen as ______ to get going.
A. coffee B. mustard C. a gigolo D. cornflakes
Your answers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
Part 2. For questions 41-45, complete the passage with appropriate forms of the words given and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. There is ONE extra word which
you do not need to use.

COGITATIVE CREDIT HOLD DEREQUISITION

CONTROVERT REFLECT

With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, nuclear power is back on the political agenda as
the greenest and most realistic energy source for the future not without (41)___________, though.
Until recently, disasters such as Three Mile Island and Chernobyl underpinned the commonly-held
view that the technology was fundamentally unpredictable. However, as traditional fossil fuel
counterparts choke the atmosphere and climate change reduces workable pasture land to inhospitable
deserts, a new tolerance may have to be (42) ___________. Those who once (43) ___________ it face
the unsettling realization that nuclear power may be the least harmful for future energy needs and the
most viable in comparison with renewable energy sources like wind, wave, and solar power.
(44) ___________highlight the fact that nuclear power has no regulated air emissions, which
means no greenhouse gases; in terms of radioactivity, they allege that fossil fuel equivalents, such as
coal, release far more radiation than nuclear power plants. They also list the number of deaths per year
that can be (45) ___________ to mining operation and question a reliance on fossil fuel combustion
that has brought the Earth to the brink of ecological catastrophe. According to the arguments, nuclear
power is the key to the accelerating demands of our energy-intense society.
Your answers:
41. 42. 43.
44. 45.
III. READING (60 points)
Part 1. For questions 46-55, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
In the hustle and (46) _________ of today’s hectic world all of us, (47) _________
exception, have to contend with level of stress. It goes without (48) _________ the source and amount
of stress are relative to the individual. Just as causes and quantities of stress are subject to personal
factors, so is the way in which a person deals with it. It is common (49) _________ that some
people flourish if faced with a potentially stress-causing task or situation. On the other hand, the
majority of people are (50) _________ affected when confronted with a serious dilemma. Abnormal
levels of stress can be serious health hazard and may prove detrimental to one’s physical health. Stress
is said to be the culprit in a high percentage of heart problems and stomach (51) _________. Even
certain types of cancer are, reportedly, linked to stress. Knowing that stress is a modern-day malady
which we all, to a greater or lesser (52) _________, suffer from, has (53) _________ many to begin
looking seriously at ways of controlling stress. Owing to the inevitable fact that stress will always play
a part in our lives, it is of paramount (54) _________ that strategies of stress (55) _________be found.
Your answers:
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.
Page 4 of 15 pages
Part 2. Read the following extract and do the tasks that follow. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
FOUR TEMPERAMENTS
Section A
The human community can be regarded as a system, holistic in nature, seeking survival. Throughout
the ages, observers of human behaviour have repeatedly identified four major patterns or
configurations of behaviour. Such holistic sorting of behaviour patterns has been recorded for at least
twenty-five centuries.
In 450 B.C., Hippocrates described four such dispositions he called temperaments – a choleric
temperament with an ease of emotional arousal and sensitivity, a phlegmatic temperament with cool
detachment and impassivity, a melancholic temperament with a very serious, dour, and downcast
nature, and a sanguine temperament full of impulsivity, excitability, and quick reactivity. During the
Middle Ages, Philippus Paracelus described four natures whose behaviours were said to be influenced
by four kinds of spirits: nymphs, sylphs, gnomes, and salamanders.
Most twentieth-century psychologists abandoned holistic observation of human behaviour for a
microscopic examination of parts, fragments, traits, and so on. To them, all human beings were
basically alike and individual differences were due to chance or conditioning.
Two German psychologists, Ernst Kretschmer and Eduard Spranger, were among the few to continue
to view individuals holistically in terms of patterns. Inspired by their work, a modern psychologist,
David Keirsey, noted common themes in the various observations and the consistent tendency of
human behaviour to sort itself into four similar patterns. Linda Berens continues to expand our
understanding of the four temperaments through the unique contributions, including the core needs,
values, talents, and behaviours of the four temperament patterns – as illustrated by The Temperament
Targets. These four major patterns are referred to as temperaments. They describe the ways human
personality interacts with the environment to satisfy its needs. Each of the four types of humours
corresponded to a different personality type.
Section B
The Sanguine temperament personality is fairly extroverted. People of a sanguine temperament tend to
enjoy social gatherings and making new friends. They tend to be creative and often daydream.
However, some alone time is crucial for those of this temperament. Sanguine can also mean very
sensitive, compassionate and thoughtful. Sanguine personalities generally struggle with the following
tasks all the way through. They are chronically late, and tend to be forgetful and sometimes a little
sarcastic. Often, when pursuing a new hobby, interest is lost quickly when it ceases to be engaging or
fun. A sanguine person is happy, friendly, warm, eager and has an ability to sympathize with others.
He has lots of friends and everyone thinks he is fun company, but he is often very self-centered and he
lacks self-control. He has a tendency to exaggerate and he is emotionally unstable.
Section C
A person who is choleric is a doer. They have a lot ambition, energy and passion, and try to instill it in
others. They can dominate people of other temperaments, especially phlegmatic types. Many great
charismatic military and political figures were cholerics. They have a strong will. They are
independent, practical, efficient and productive. When they get something in their mind, nothing can
stop them. Unfortunately, choleric people have to spend a lot of their time alone, as their social side is
so poorly developed. They scare people away with their coldness and their angry and cruel words.
They are insensitive and overly dominating.
Section D
A person who is a thoughtful ponder has a melancholic disposition. Often very kind and considerate,
melancholies can be high creative – as in poetry and art – and can become occupied with the tragedy
and cruelty in the world. A melancholic is also often a perfectionist. They are often self-reliant and
independent. A melancholic person is often extremely talented. He can analyze things very deeply. He
has an eye for beauty. He is disciplined and diligent. But he has a whole load of dark sides. He is often
Page 5 of 15 pages
pessimistic and is depressed easily. He is too critical of himself and of others. He is revengeful and
easily offended.
Section E
Phlegmatic people tend to be self-content and kind. They can be very accepting and affectionate. They
may be very receptive and shy and often prefer stability to uncertainty and change. They are very
consistent, relaxed, rational, curious and observant, making them good administrators and diplomats.
Unlike the Sanguine personality, they may be more dependable.
It’s easiest to get along with a phlegmatic person. He is calm and easygoing. His carefree attitude and
good sense of humour attract people. He is stable and reliable and very diplomatic. But he is not
perfect, either. He is often irritatingly slow and unable to make up his mind. He is selfish and stingy.
Sometimes he is totally indifferent to everything around him. All he’s interested in is his daydreams.
Section F
The concept of temperament can generally be defined as behavioural or emotional trait that differs
across individuals, appears early in life, is relatively stable over the life-span, and is, at least to some
degree, influenced by biology. One common defining characteristic of temperament is that it appears
quite early in development and is relatively stable over life-span. It is for this reason that the study of
temperament has often focused on infancy and early-childhood. The assumption has been that
temperament is not an acquired characteristic; one doesn’t learn one’s temperament, rather one is
simply born with a given temperament profile. Further, these “in-born” traits persist throughout the
life-span, though they may change form. For example, an infant may have a withdrawal oriented
temperament, but lacking the physical capacity to move independently may cry when presented with
novel situations or toys or people, etc. The infant’s crying then elicits a caregiver to either remove the
infant from the stimulus or the stimulus from the infant. In either case it effectively increases the
distance between the infant and that which makes him or her uncomfortable. As the child ages through
early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, and so on, he or she no longer needs to rely
exclusively on others to control their environment. They can themselves retreat from situations that
make them uncomfortable and/or they may actively seek out environments that are of low stimulus
intensity. In adolescence they may begin to use depressant drugs such as alcohol, narcotics, or nicotine
to effectively withdraw from situations that make them uncomfortable, but for which there is strong
social pressure to pursue (parties, school functions, etc.). These behaviours are quite different in form,
but yield the same functional effect.
For questions 56-61, choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of headings
below. There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
List of headings
i. Cautious and caring people
ii. Connection between characteristics and body
iii. In-depth thinking and intelligent people
iv. Changing behaviours
v. Active and optimistic people
vi. Theories from ancient philosophers
vii. Four personalities on the basis of body fluid
viii. Demanding and unsympathetic people
ix. The in-born and permanent temperament
56. Section A
57. Section B
58. Section C
59. Section D
60. Section E
61. Section F
Your answers:
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.
Page 6 of 15 pages
For questions 62-68, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given
(NG). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
62. The four temperaments can be traced back reliably to philosophy, notably in the work of Hippocrates.
63. To all twentieth-century psychologists, the personal characteristics came from different situations.
64. People of a sanguine temperament are imaginative and creative, and are often the ones who
enthusiastically promote new ideas on the job.
65. If someone has a strong will, he or she must be great charismatic military or political person.
66. Most melancholies can be poets or artists because they are highly creative.
67. Phlegmatic people are usually indifferent to everything.
68. Temperament is an “in-born” characteristic which is stable throughout one’s life.

Your answers:
62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
67. 68.
Part 3. For questions 69-78, read the passage and choose the best answer from the four options
marked A, B, C or D in the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided.
VARIETIES OF TROPISM
A tropism is considered by scientists to be a phenomenon of the biological variety in
which a living organism turns or grows in response to stimulus from its environment. The
direction the organism grows or turns in is dependent on the direction of the stimulus. The opposite
of tropism is nastic movement, in which the response to stimulus is considered non-directional.
Tropisms are named for the stimulus which generates them. The word ‘tropism’ comes from
the Greek word ‘trope’, which means ‘to turn’ or ‘to change’. Some of the varieties of tropism
are chemotropism, geotropism, hydrotropism, heliotropism, phototropism, and thigmotropism.
Tropisms are usually associated with plants or other fixed organisms. If an organism is
capable of physically moving by its own will or motility, its activity or movement in response to
stimulus is not considered to be a tropism, but rather a taxis, which is a directional response, or a
kinesis, which is a non-directional response.
Chemotropism occurs as a result of chemical stimulus, usually in plants or bacteria. A
good example of this type of movement is evident during the growth of a pollen tube. It can be
witnessed when lipids are present at the surface of the stigma, stimulating accelerated growth in the
pollen tubes. These tubes can also be stimulated to grow even faster by the presence of more than
one grain of pollen in the stigma of the flower.
Charles Darwin was the first to document the presence of geotropism, or gravitropism,
which is the turning or growth movement of a plant or fungi in response to the Earth’s gravity. This is
visible in the downward growth of the roots of plants and also in jungle vines which grow
downwards from the tops of trees. It can also be seen by taking a close look at the growth directions
of lichens and mosses on rocks.
Hydrotropism is the directional growth in response to the stimulus of water and its direction
of movement. It is very difficult to observe in the roots of plants even though it is present since the
action of water is not visible as it constantly courses through the soil and would require the
disturbance of the subject in order to observe. But this process is easy to imagine, as the water
thirsty roots of plants reach out, growing in the direction that will give them the best access to
moisture.
Heliotropism is also referred to as the diurnal motion of plants. This term describes the
plants’ movements in direct response to the movement of the sun across the sky. Flowers may
assume a random orientation at night, but when the sun rises in the east, the flowers turn towards it
and follow it across the sky as it sets in the west. This motion is accomplished by motor cells
within the flexible segments of the stem, just below the flower. They do this by pumping potassium
ions into their tissue, which changes the pressure, resulting in motion.
Phototropism is different from heliotropism in that it describes the motion of plants in
response to light stimulus, but not just that of the sun. The growth of plants towards a light
Page 7 of 15 pages
source is termed positive phototropism while growth away from a light source is termed negative
phototropism. Most plants experience positive phototropism while their roots exhibit negative
phototropic tendencies as they grow deeper into the soil. Many mosses and lichens are phototropic
and can be found to grow on the parts of rocks that are exposed to the sun while mold and mildew
grows in the areas that receive no sunlight.
Some climbing plants such as vines exhibit thigmotropic reactions to the stimulus of touch
or contact. Plants that react in this way contain cells that produce auxin, which causes them to move
as they grow around surfaces such as walls, pots, or poles.

69. The word ‘associated’ in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

A. compared B. separated C. handled D. linked
70. According to paragraph 2, tropisms are named for _______.
A. the stimulus that affects plants B. the variety of affected plants
C. the static movement of plants D. the rate and direction of plant growth
71. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is TRUE about a taxis?
A. It is a kind of tropism. B. It is a directed response to stimulus.
C. It is more responsive than a kinesis. D. It impairs motility.
72. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about chemotropism?
A. The action of water is always visible in plants.
B. Lipids are a part of a plant.
C. Adding pollen to a flower creates a chemical stimulus.
D. Pollen is a natural inhibitor of plant growth.
73. According to paragraph 5, which of the following is a sign of geotropism?
A. vines climbing a tree trunk B. fungi growing on another plant
C. the downward lichen growth of a rock D. roots appearing above round
74. The word ‘it’ in the passage refers to _______.
A. action of water B. stimulus of water C. direction of movement D. heliotropism
75. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT typical of climbing vines?
A. They harbor mold and mildew. B. They contain auxin.
C. They are affected by touch. D. They exhibit thigmotropic reactions.
76. Which of the following is TRUE about Phototropism?
A. Its negative category affects the downward growth of roots.
B. It describes the motion of plants in response to the sun.
C. It stimulates growth in the pollen tubes with lipids.
D. It explains the growth movement of a fungi in response to the Earth’s gravity.
77. Which of the following is TRUE about Heliotropism?
A. It explains why some plants grow around surfaces like walls and poles.
B. It is present in plants that pump potassium ions into their tissue.
C. It causes the roots of plants to grow downward from tops of trees.
D. It is caused by chemical stimulus normally in plants or bacteria.
78. Which of the following is TRUE about Hydrotropism?
A. It causes moss to grow on rocks exposed to sunlight.
B. It demonstrates the movement of plants in response to the sun.
C. It involves a directional response to water.
D. Its positive category stimulates the growth of plants.

Your answers:
69. 70. 71. 72. 73.
74. 75. 76. 77. 78.

Page 8 of 15 pages
Part 4. In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 79-85, read the
passage and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra
paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided.
THE PEOPLE WHO CHANGED THE MORALS OF ENGLISH SOCIETY
In the last decades of the 18th century, the losers seriously outnumbered the winners. Those who were
fortunate enough to occupy the upper levels of society, celebrated their good fortune by living a
hedonistic life of gambling, parties and alcohol. It was their moral right, they felt, to exploit the weak
and the poor. Few of them thought their lives should change, even fewer believed it could.
79.
But the decisive turning point for moral reform was the French revolution. John Bowlder, a popular
moralist of the time, blamed the destruction of French society on a moral crisis. Edmund Burke, a
Whig statesman agreed. “When your fountain is choked up and polluted,” he wrote, “the stream will
not run long or clear.” If the English society did not reform, ruin would surely follow.
80.
Englishmen were deeply afraid that the immorality of France would invade England. Taking advantage
of this, Burke was able to gain considerable support by insisting that the French did not have the moral
qualifications to be a civilised nation. He pronounced “Better this island should be sunk to the bottom
of the sea than it should not be a country of religion and morals.”
81.
Sobering though these messages were, the aristocracy of the time was open to such reforms, not least
due to fear. France's attempt to destroy their nobility did much to encourage the upper classes to
examine and re-evaluate their own behaviour. Added to this was the arrival of French noble émigrés to
British shores. As these people were dependent on the charity of the British aristocracy, it became
paramount to amend morals and suppress all vices in order to uphold the state.
82.
Whether the vices of the rich and titled stopped or were merely cloaked is open to question. But it is
clear that by the turn of the century, a more circumspect society had emerged. Styles of dress became
more moderate, and the former adornments of swords, buckles and powdered hair were no longer seen.
There was a profusion of moral didactic literature available. Public hangings ceased and riots became
much rarer.
83.
One such person was Thomas Wackley who in 1823 founded a medical journal called “The Lancet”.
At this time, medicine was still a profession reserved for the rich, and access to knowledge was
impossible for the common man. The Lancet shone a bright light on the questionable practices
undertaken in medicine and particularly in surgery, and finally led to improved standards of care.
84.
How though did changes at the top affect the people at the bottom of the societal hierarchy? Not all
reformers concerned themselves which changes at the authoritative and governmental levels. Others
concentrated on improving the lives and morals of the poor. In the midst of the industrial revolution,
the poorest in society were in dire straits. Many lived in slums and sanitation was poor. No-one wanted
the responsibility of improvement.
85.
Could local authorities impose such measures today? Probably not. Even so, the legacy of the moral
reform of the late 1800s and 1900s lives on today. Because of it, the British have come to expect a
system which is competent, fair to all and free from corruption. Nowadays everyone has a right to a
home, access to education, and protection at work and in hospital. This is all down to the men and
women who did not just observe society's ills from a distance, but who dared to take steps to change it.

Page 9 of 15 pages
The missing paragraphs:
A. But a moral makeover was on the horizon, and one of the first people to promote it was William
Wilberforce, better known for his efforts in abolishing the slave trade. Writing to a friend, Lord
Muncaster, he stated that “the universal corruption and profligacy of the times taking its rise amongst
the rich and luxurious has now spread its destructive poison through the whole body of the people.”
B. But one woman, Octavia Hill, was willing to step up to the mark. Hill, despite serious opposition
by the men who still dominated English society, succeeded in opening a number of housing facilities
for the poor. But, recognising the weaknesses of a charity-dependent culture, Hill enforced high moral
standards, strict measures in hygiene and cleanliness upon her tenants, and, in order to promote a
culture of industry, made them work for any financial handouts.
C. At first, moralists did not look for some tangible end to moral behaviour. They concerned
themselves with the spiritual salvation of the rich and titled members of society, believing that the
moral tone set by the higher ranks would influence the lower orders. For example, Samuel Parr,
preaching at London's St Paul's Cathedral, said “If the rich man abandons himself to sloth and all the
vices which sloth generates, he corrupts by his example. He permits his immediate attendants to be,
like him, idle and profligate.”
D. In time, the fervour for improved morals strayed beyond personal behaviour and towards a new
governance. People called for a tightening of existing laws which had formerly been enforced only
laxly. Gambling, duelling, swearing, prostitution, pornography and adultery laws were more strictly
upheld to the extent that several fashionable ladies were fined fifty pounds each for gambling in a
private residence.
E. So far, however, circumspection in the upper classes had done little to improve the lives of those in
the lower classes. But that was to change. Against a backdrop of the moral high ground, faults in the
system started to stand out. One by one, people started to question the morality of those in authority.
F. The attitudes of the upper classes became increasingly critical during the latter part of the
eighteenth century. In 1768, the Lord of the Treasury was perfectly at ease to introduce his mistress to
the Queen, but a generation later, such behaviour would have been unacceptable. Such attitudes are
also seen in the diaries of Samuel Pepys, who, in 1793 rambles without criticism about his peer's many
mistresses. A few years later, his tone had become infinitely more critical.
G. Similar developments occurred in the Civil Service. Civil servants were generally employed as a
result of nepotism or acquaintance, and more often than not took advantage of their power to provide
for themselves at the expense of the public. Charles Trevelyan, an official at the London Treasury,
realised the weaknesses in the system and proposed that all civil servants were employed as a result of
entrance examinations, thus creating a system which was politically independent and consisted of
people who were genuinely able to do the job.
H. These prophecies roused a little agitation when first published in 1790. But it was the events in
1792-93 which shocked England into action. Over in France, insurrection had led to war and massacre.
The King and Queen had been tried and executed. France was now regarded as completely immoral
and uncivilized, a country where vice and irreligion reigned.
Your answers:
79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

Part 5. You are going to read four different opinions from leading scientists about the future of
fuel. For questions 86-95, choose from the writers A-D. The writers may be chosen more than once.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
A. Howard Bloom, Author
Even though most people are convinced that peak oil has already passed, to me, peak oil is just a
hypothesis. There is a theory that carbon molecules can be found in interstellar gas clouds, comets and
in space ice, and if this is the case, our planet could ooze oil forever. And even if we stay earthbound,
those who say we have raped the planet of all its resources are wrong. There's a huge stock of raw

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materials we haven't yet learned to use. There are bacteria two miles beneath our feet which can turn
solid granite into food. If bacteria can do it, surely we creatures with brains can do it better. As far as
the near future of energy is concerned, I believe the most promising alternative fuels are biofuels, such
as ethanol. It's an alcohol made from waste products such as the bark of trees, woodchips, and other
'waste materials'. And that's not the only waste that can create energy. My friend in the biomass
industry is perfecting an energy-generation plant which can run on human waste. We produce that in
vast quantities, and it's already gathered in centralised locations.
B. Michael Lardelli, Lecturer in Genetics at The University of Adelaide
Nothing exists on this planet without energy. It enables flowers and people to grow and we need it to
mine minerals, extract oil or cut wood and then to process these into finished goods. So the most
fundamental definition of money is as a mechanism to allow the exchange and allocation of different
forms of energy. Recently, people have been using more energy than ever before. Until 2005 it was
possible to expand our energy use to meet this demand. However, since 2005 oil supply has been in
decline, and at the same time, and as a direct result of this, the world's economy has been unable to
expand, leading to global recession. With the world's energy and the profitability of energy production
in decline at the same time, the net energy available to support activities other than energy
procurement will decrease. We could increase energy production by diverting a large proportion of our
remaining oil energy into building nuclear power stations and investing in renewable forms of energy.
However, this is very unlikely to happen in democratic nations, because it would require huge,
voluntary reductions in living standards. Consequently, the world economy will continue to contract as
oil production declines. With energy in decline, it will be impossible for everyone in the world to
become wealthier. One person's increased wealth can only come at the expense of another person's
worsened poverty.
C. Jeroen van der Veer, chief executive of Royal Dutch Shell
People are understandably worried about a future of growing energy shortages, rising prices and
international conflict for supplies. These fears are not without foundation. With continued economic
growth, the world's energy needs could increase by 50% in the next 25 years. However, I do not
believe that the world is running out of energy. Fossil fuels will be able to meet growing demand for a
long time in the future. Taking unconventional resources into account, we are not even close to peak
oil. The priority for oil companies is to improve efficiency, by increasing the amount of oil recovered
from reservoirs. At present, just over a third is recovered. We can also improve the technology to
control reservoir processes and improve oil flow. However, these projects are costly, complex and
technically demanding, and they depend on experienced people, so it is essential to encourage young
people to take up a technical career in the energy industry. Meanwhile, alternative forms of energy
need to be made economically viable. International energy companies have the capability, the
experience and the commercial drive to work towards solving the energy problem so they will play a
key role. But it is not as simple as merely making scientific advances and developing new tools; the
challenge is to deliver the technology to people worldwide. Companies will need to share knowledge
and use their ideas effectively.
D. Craig Severance, blogger
What will it take to end our oil addiction? It's time we moved on to something else. Not only are world
oil supplies running out, but what oil is still left is proving very dirty to obtain. The Deepwater
Horizon oil spill occurred precisely because the easy-to-obtain oil is already tapped. If we don't kick
oil now, we will see more disasters as oil companies move to the Arctic offshore and clear more
forests. The cheap petroleum is gone; from now on, we will pay steadily more and more for our oil —
not just in dollars, but in the biological systems that sustain life on this planet. The only solution is to
get on with what we will have to do anyway - end our dependence on it! There are many instances in
which oil need not be used at all. Heat and electricity can be produced in a multitude of other ways,
such as solar power or natural gas. The biggest challenge is the oil that is used in transportation. That
doesn't mean the transportation of goods worldwide, it's the day-to-day moving around of people. It
means we have to change what we drive. The good news is that it's possible. There are a wide range of
fuel efficient cars on offer, and the number of all-electric plug-in cars is set to increase. For long
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distance travel and freight, the solution to this is to look to rail. An electrified railway would not be
reliant upon oil, but could be powered by solar, geothermal, hydro, and wind sources. There is a long
way to go, but actions we take now to kick our oil addiction can help us adapt to a world of shrinking
oil supplies.

Which writer _______? Your answers

believes oil will be available for many more years 86.
believes that from now on, less oil is available 87.
believes there are ways to obtain energy that we have not yet discovered 88.
sees a great potential in natural fuels 89.
believes the fuel crisis will cause the poor to become poorer 90.
sees energy and the economy as intrinsically linked 91.
believes we should reduce our dependence on oil immediately 92.
believes that people need to be attracted to working in the energy industry 93.
believes that it is unlikely that governments will invest a lot of money into 94.
alternative energy
believes that future oil recovery will lead to more environmental disasters 95.

IV. WRITING (60 points)

Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should
be between 100 and 120 words. You MUST NOT copy the original.
Internet technology has changed our lives in numerous ways, and it is difficult to keep track of them.
Global trade and business has become faster, easier and more reliable in recent years. Banks and
financial institutions also have introduced online systems that have made transactions effortless. Bill
payment and account-related work are conveniently managed online. In today’s world, it is basically
impossible for any small or large business to thrive without a web presence. Besides the local shops,
restaurants, shopping malls or retail stores, nearly all businesses have been boosted with the help of
technological growth. The impact of technology on business has been phenomenal.
The impact of technology on education is a classic example of the way our lives have changed.
Computers, presentation programs and the Internet have given teaching an altogether different
dimension. Education has become computer-dominated in this era, going well beyond notebooks and
blackboards. In recent years, online education and distance learning courses have changed the way we
learn. Now, being physically present in classrooms to hear a lecture or discuss intricate concepts isn't
even necessary. Students in different locations can easily access any lecture being conducted through
video conferencing.
If you go through a list of the latest developments in technology, you will find that most of them have
revolutionized the way we communicate in some way. Thanks to the Internet, communication has
become amazingly fast. It has brought about innovations such as email, instant messaging and even
video chatting. Social networking websites are the order of the day, and have given birth to the concept
of social media marketing. From business networking to personal contact, communication has never
been as fast and easy as it is now.
In seeking answers to the issue of technology's demerits, we need not look far. With the threat of
Internet scams increasing every day, and cyber security becoming a global issue, governments
everywhere are trying hard to regulate cyber access. Moreover, lifestyle habits have changed
drastically. Nowadays, psychologists are frequently using the term 'Internet addiction' to address
certain issues in the lives of people who are constantly glued to their screens. How have we been
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 affected by technology? The answer is that it has given us the power to make a difference in our lives,
but only if we use it wisely. It all depends on us and what we do with it.
Your answer:
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Part 2. The graph below shows the amount of money spent on protecting crops in three different
regions of the world from 2017 to 2020.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant. Write about 150 words.

1000
900
800
700
600 Africa
Millions

500 Europe
400 Asia
$

300
200
100
0
2017 2018 2019 2020

Your answer:
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Part 3. Write an essay of about 350 words on the following topic.
Music is played in every society and culture in the world today. Some people think that music brings
only benefits to individuals and societies. Others, however, think that music can have a negative
influence on both.
Discuss these both views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any
relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Your answer:
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