Ministry of Higher Education

Mohamed Boudiaf University- M’sila

Faculty of Letters and Languages
English Department

Dr. BOULANOUAR S.
Grammar
Level 1st Year
 OUTLINE

2.Demonstrative pronouns
3.Indefinite pronouns
4.Interogative Pronouns

5. Relative Pronouns
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
 Antecedents of demonstrative pronouns
 The antecedent of a pronoun is the noun or phrase it
refers to. The antecedent usually appears before the
pronoun—earlier in the sentence or in a previous
sentence. But it can sometimes appear shortly after
the pronoun.
Examples:
• I really like orange juice. I think that’s my favorite
drink.
• This is my fear: that we aren’t doing enough.

 But demonstrative pronouns, because of the way

they’re used, don’t always have explicitly named
antecedents. When the implied antecedent is clear
from the context, that isn’t a problem.
 Demonstrative Pronouns
V.S
Demonstrative Adjectives

A demonstrative pronoun is used in the place

of a noun, and a demonstrative adjective is
used to describe and provide more
information about the noun.
Demonstrative Pronoun / Used as a Demonstrative Used as a Demonstrative Adjective
Demonstrative Adjective Pronoun

This This is the book I This city is beautiful.

read last month.

That That is the car that That dish is delicious.

hit the little boy.

These These are my These bags are

cousins. heavy.
Those The boxes you I know it was hard to
have are smaller make those decisions
than those.
PRACTICE : Change the underlined nouns with
the correct demonstrative pronoun,
1. Bruno is my cousin.
2. I prefer soft drinks to fresh juices.
3. These flowers smell nice.
4. Be careful. That plate is hot.
5. Did you find the cats in there?
CORRECTION
1. This is my cousin.
2. I prefer soft drinks to these.
3. These smell nice.
4. Be careful. That is hot.
5. Did you find those in there?
INDEFINITE
 Indefinite Pronouns
Always Singular. Always Singular or
Plural. Plural.

another, anybody, anyone, both, all, any,

anything, each, either, few, more, most,
enough, everybody, everyone, fewer, none, some,
everything, less, little, much, many, and such.
neither, nobody, no one, others,
nothing, one, other, and
somebody, someone, and several.
something.
Practice Put in the correct indefinite pronoun
1. I looked __________ for my cat, but I couldn’t find it.
2. James called his friend, but ______ answered the phone.
3. I didn’t go______ on the weekend, so I was really bored.
4. Let’s get ___________ to eat after our class.
5. Did you hear that? I think _________ rang the doorbell.
6. ____________ was on time. No one was late.
7. I didn’t eat ______ for lunch, so I’m really hungry now.
8. Linda understood _________ that her teacher said.
9. I had ________ to go because all the shops were closed.
10. ___________ came to school because it was a holiday.
11. Fernando wants to go ______________ interesting next
summer.
12. Was ________ at home when you knocked on the
door?
ANSWER KEY

1. everywhere
2. no one / nobody
3. anywhere
4. something
5. someone / somebody
6. Everyone / Everybody
7. anything
8. everything / nothing
9. nowhere
10. No one / nobody
11. somewhere
12. anyone / anybody
PRACTICE: Put in the correct indefinite pronoun
1.She wants to live ________________ by the sea
2. She put ________________ in the box, all the things that she had.
3. Does ____________________ have a phone charger?
4. We went ________________ this weekend. We stayed at home.
5. She didn't bring ________________ to the party.
6. Is there ________________ in the room?
7. A: What's wrong? B: ________________, I'm fine.
8. ________________ lives in that house. It's empty.
9. Would you like to go ________________ this weekend? (I don't
expect a particular answer.)
10. ________________ was really friendly, all the managers and
even the CEO.
11. ________________ is going really well and so I'm really happy.
12. I know ________________ in this company. It's my first day.
CORRECTION
1. She wants to live somewhere by the sea.
2. She put everything in the box, all the things that she had.
3. Does anybody have a phone charger? (I don't know if a
person has a charger or not.)
4. We went nowhere this weekend. We stayed at home.
5. She didn't bring anything to the party.
6. Is there anything in the room?
7. A: What's wrong? B: Nothing, I'm fine.
8. Nobody lives in that house. It's empty.
9. Would you like to go anywhere this weekend? (I don't expect
a particular answer.)
10. Everybody was really friendly, all the managers and even
the CEO.
11. Everything is going really well and so I'm really happy.
12. I know nobody in this company. It's my first day.
PRACTICE: Choose the correct form of the verb,
• No one ________ (want, wants) to fail the test.
• Someone ________ (visit, visits) us every weekend.
• One of my friends ________ (is, are) going to France this
month.
• Everything ________ (was, were) ready for the picnic.
• Both Reena and Rory ________ (hang, hangs) out all the time.
• All of the cake _______(has/have) been eaten.
• Only a select few _______(wins/win) the Pulitzer Prize.
• It's always nice when someone__________( appreciates/
appreciate) your hard work.
• Nobody _______(goes/go) into the abandoned warehouse
because it's haunted.
• Should we go to the early or late evening show?
Either ________(suits/suit) me.
• Several of us _________(plans/plan) to stay in town for a few
days after the conference to do some sightseeing.
 Interrogative Pronouns
What Are Interrogative Pronouns?
The main interrogative pronouns are "what,"
"which," "who," "whom," and "whose."
Interrogative pronouns are used to ask
questions.
The other, less common interrogative
pronouns are the same as the ones above but
with the suffix "-ever" or "-soever" (e.g.,
"whatever," "whichever," "whatsoever,"
"whichsoever").
What about “Where,” “When”, “Why,”
and “How”?
• Don’t when, where, why, and how belong on
that list of interrogative pronouns?
• The answer is NO — even though they do
make up the famous 5 W’s (and H). They are
not interrogative pronouns because they are
not pronouns.
• When, where, why, and how are interrogative
adverbs. They function as adverbs to modify
verbs.
Practice; Fill in with the right interrogative pronoun
1. ———————- did you invite to preside over the meeting?
2. She asked ——————- I preferred, tea or coffee?
3. Of ———————- are you speaking?
4. ——————- do you want to do?
5. ———————- shall I give this to?
6. ——————- of these books will you take?
7. I don’t know —————— of them will actually get it?
8. ———————- said these words?
9. Of ——————— boy are you speaking?
10. ——————– do you want to see?
11. ——————– did he come here for?
12. ——————-, do you think, is the correct answer to this
question?
13. To ——————- did she give her necklace?
14. ——————– do you think he is?
15. With ——————– were you exchanging pleasantries?
16. ———————– is better, honor or riches?
Correction
1. Whom
2. Which
3. Whom
4. What
5. Whom
6. Which
7. Which
8. Who
9. Which
10. Whom
11. What
12. What
13. Whom
14. Who
15. Whom
16. Which
 Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that heads
an adjective clause. The relative pronouns are "that,"
"which," "who," "whom," and "whose." Here are two
examples:
I know the boy who found my wallet.
(The relative pronoun is "who." It heads the adjective
clause "who found my wallet.")
It is the same issue that we raised yesterday.
(The relative pronoun is "that." It heads the adjective
clause "that we raised yesterday."
 Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses—
What’s the Difference?

A restrictive clause modifies the noun that

precedes it in an essential way. Restrictive
clauses limit or identify such nouns and
cannot be removed from a sentence
without changing the sentence’s meaning.
A nonrestrictive clause, on the other hand,
describes a noun in a nonessential way.
Relative pronouns: when, where and why
In informal language, we often use where, when or why to
introduce defining relative clauses instead of at which, on
which or for which.

I know a restaurant where the food is excellent.

where place (… a restaurant at which the food is excellent)

There isn’t a day when I don’t feel rushed off my

when time feet.
(… a day on which I don’t feel rushed …)

Do you know the reason why the shop is closed

why reason today?
(… the reason for which the shop is closed …)
• Practice: Put in the right Relative Pronoun
• 1. Economics is a subject _______ I've never understood.
• 2. I want a mobile phone ____________ takes good photos.
• 3. I work in that big yellow building _________ you can
see over there.
• 4. Lee Harvey Oswald is the man __________shot John F
Kennedy.
• 5. Meryl Streep is the famous person __________ I'd most
like to meet.
• 6. What's the name of the lady ______is wearing the blue
dress?
• 7. You need a coat ______ will keep you warm this winter.
• 8. You're the most beautiful person ______ I've ever seen.
Correction:
1. Economics is a subject which/that/0 I've never
understood.
2. I want a mobile phone which/that takes good photos.
3. I work in that big yellow building which/that/0 you can
see over there.
4. Lee Harvey Oswald is the man who/that shot John F
Kennedy.
5. Meryl Streep is the famous person who/that/0 I'd most
like to meet.
6. What's the name of the lady who/that is wearing the
blue dress?
7. You need a coat which/that will keep you warm this
winter.
8. You're the most beautiful person who/that/0 I've ever
seen.
Practice: That demonstrative or relative
• We met somebody last night that did the speech
therapy course two years after you.
• The park at the end of our street, that is pristine, is
a favorite place of mine.
• I went cliff jumping, that was such an interesting
experience.
• You’ll have to get your own pen. That is mine.
• That was very nice of you to wait for me.
• The last bike that I owned was not very resilient.
• The 8.30 is the train that you need to get
• He finally remembers one lesson that his mum
had taught him early.
 Pronoun Case

Pronouns (and nouns) in English display "case"

according to their function in the sentence.
Their function can be:
Subjective or Nominative (they act as the
subject)
objective (they act as the object)
possessive (they show possession of something
else)
Practice Complete this text with these words. anyone
anywhere him himself it me myself one ours she that
My mum and I got a guard dog because ---
sometimes has to go away on business trips and didn’t
want to leave---- at home by -- . We called -- Rufus.
When Rufus was about four months old, he started
barking if --- came near the cottage, especially the
postman. When friends of --- came to visit, Rufus would
go to the front door and growl even before we knew they
were outside. We didn’t train him to do --- , he just
seemed to train --- to be our watchdog. However, when
he was about seven months old, he started growling at
people in the street and barking ferociously if --- of
them came near our car in a car park. It has become
really embarrassing and now we can’t take him --- with
us. We like --- that he’s protective, but we are now
afraid that he might become really dangerous and even
attack someone. We’re not sure what to do.
Correction
My mum and I got a guard dog because she
sometimes has to go away on business trips and didn’t
want to leave me at home by myself . We called him
Rufus. When Rufus was about four months old, he
started barking if anyone came near the cottage,
especially the postman. When friends of ours came to
visit, Rufus would go to the front door and growl even
before we knew they were outside. We didn’t train him
to do that , he just seemed to train himself to be our
watchdog. However, when he was about seven months
old, he started growling at people in the street and
barking ferociously if one of them came near our car in a
car park. It has become really embarrassing and now we
can’t take him anywhere with us. We like it that he’s
protective, but we are now afraid that he might become
really dangerous and even attack someone. We’re not
sure what to do.