GEC 015

WORLD
LITERATURE
MODULES FOR PRELIM

1st SEMESTR
S.Y 2024-2025

Prepared by:
VEICEL JOI C. TEJIDA, LPT
 MODULE 1
Introduction to Literature

Overview

The study or appreciation of literature is very interesting and helpful to learners for
many reasons. It involves the reading and analysis of written materials of different kinds.
Literature learners should be ready to critically analyse whatever they read by the end of
the course.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. compose a story;
2. write an autobiography; and
3. explain how literature makes people more human.

TOPICS
Definition of Literature
Importance of Literature

INTRODUCTION

Literary pieces such as stories, poetry, and essays are reflections of the people’s life
experiences. With your exposures to various literary pieces in the past, define Literature
through this concept map:

Considering your responses in the above activity, define literature by answering the
following questions:
1. What does Literature deal with?
2. How is it communicated?
3. What adjective can you give to best describe the language used in literature?
4. What significant human experience is reflected in the various literary pieces?

INTERACTION

A. Definition of Literature
  According to Henry Van Dyke, literature consists of writings which
interpret the meanings of nature and life, in words of charm and power,
touched with the personality of the author artistic forms of permanent
interest.
 According to Arsenia Tan, literature is life which presents human
experience.
B. Importance of Literature
 For pleasure and entertainment
 For emotional gratification
 For information and education

Activity 1 – MariTest
Instruction: Create a 5-sentences story about the images below:

1.

2.

3.
 4.

5.

Activity 2 – Autobiography
Write a 2-paragraph narration of your life story. Insert pictures of yourself in this work.

Scoring Rubric
Organization 10
Writing Style 10
Content 20
Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation and Capitalization 10
Total 50

INTEGRATION

Explain how literature makes people more human. Limit your answer to 5-10 sentences
only.

SUMMARY

According to Amador Daguio, literature is the beautiful expression of man’s

personal interpretation of some aspects of human life, or a wording out in a unique,
beautiful and personal manner of saying what an author thinks is a passionate meaning
of life. This is saying that literature not only becomes but is “life itself.”
REFERENCES

 Edwin V. Tendero and Hemmady S. Mora (2014). World Literature. Grand Books
Publishing, Pateros, Metro Manila.
 Rizza Soriano-Baldonado, et al. (2013). Readings from World Literature:
Understanding People’s Cultures, Traditions and Beliefs. Great Books
Publishing, West Avenue, Quezon City.
 The Importance of Literature in the 21st Century. Retrieved from
https://www.costercontent.co.uk/blog/writers-corner-importance-
literature#:~:text=Literature%20is%20a%20timeless%20piece%20of
%20entertainment.&text=Literature%20reflects%20human%20nature
%20and,how%20others%20think%20and%20feel.

Module 2
Literary Types and Forms

Overview
In this part, you get to review the different literary types and create your simple
literary work.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. write a story;
2. create a bio-poem; and
3. share a particular family culture/tradition you would like to pass down to your
children in the future.

TOPIC OUTLINE:
Literary Forms and Types
Elements of Poetry

INTRODUCTION
Motivation: Prose or Poetry
Direction: Identify if the given examples if it are under prose or poetry.
1. Short story 6. Song
2. Ballad 7. Haiku
3. Epic 8. Diary
4. Fable 9. Metrical Romance
5. Biography 10. Fairy Tale
INTERACTION

Forms of Literature
I. Prose- Consist of Writing that does not adhere to any particular formal structures. It is
a spoken or written language without metrical structure as distinguished from poetry or
verse.
Kinds of Prose:
A. Fiction (from the Latin fingere, "to form, create") is prose writing that tells
about imaginary characters and events. Some writers of fiction base their
stories on real people and events, while others rely on their imagination.
1. Short Story is a brief prose narrative that usually can be read in one sitting, It
contains few characters and single plot that revolves around the main character.
2. Novel consists simply of a long story written in prose. It has more characters with
several sub-plots.
3. Drama is a narrative prose intended to be played on the stage. It is usually called
play. It is written in scripted form to be re-enacted by the actors.
4. Fable is a brief story usually with animal characters that teaches a lesson or
moral.
5. Parable is a short narrative that is at least in part allegorical and that illustrates a
moral or spiritual lesson.
6. Legend is a story that reflects the people's identity or cultural values, generally
with more historical and less emphasis on the supernatural.
7. Myth is a fictional tale; originally with religious significance that explains the
action of gods or heroes, the causes of natural phenomena or both.
8. Fairy tale is a story featuring folkloric characters such as fairies, goblins, elves,
trolls, giants, talking animals and others. The fairy tale is a sub-class of the
folktale. These stories often involve royalty, and modern versions usually have a
happy ending.

B. Non Fiction is a prose writing that presents and explains ideas or tells about
real people, places, objects or events.
1. Autobiography, from the Greek auton, 'self, bios, life and graphein, 'write, is a
biography written by the author about himself.
2. Biography (from the Greek words bios meaning life and graphein meaning write.
It is a genre of literature based on the written accounts of individual lives.
3. Essay is a short work of writing that treats a topic from an author's personal point
of view. Essay in English derives from the French 'essai, meaning 'attempt.
Feature articles and Editorials in the newspaper could be classified as essay.
Even the speech is an essay. In an essay read aloud in front of an audience, it
becomes a speech. Essay is the easiest form of literature to write. There are only
two elements in it to be considered: the paragraph construction and the main
idea. As long as these two are utilize, anyone could write an essay.
4. Diary or journal is a book for writing discrete entries arranged by date reporting
on what has happened over the course of a day or other period.
I. Poetry- it is a composition usually written in verse. Poems rely heavily on
imagery, precise word choice and metaphor.
A. Kinds of Poetry
1. Narrative Poetry - A narrative poetry tells a story in verse.
  Epic retells in a continuous narrative the life and works of a heroic or
mythological person or group of persone. It is considered as the
oldest form of literature since it existence is known to be along the
ancient history. Most of the epic are handed down orally from
generation to another, as part of the oral tradition of certain nations,
until they are translated into writing.
 Ballad is songlike poem that tells a story, often one dealing with
adventure or romance. Many ballads employ repetition of a refrain or
incremental repetition in which a refrain is varied nlightly each time it
appears. Ezample of this is the "Lord Randall.
 The Metrical Tale is a narrative poem that relates to real or imaginary
events in simple, straight forward language, from a wide range of
subjects, characters, life experiences, and emotional situations. The
characters are ordinary people concerned with ordinary events, A
good example of this is the "Canterbury Tales" by Geoífrey Chaucer.
 Metrical Romance is a long narrative poem that presents remote or
imaginative incidents rather than ordinary, realistic experience. The
term Romance originally used to refer to medieval tales of the deeds
and loves of noble knights and ladies. "Sir Gawain and the Creen
Knight" and "Morte d' Arthur by Malory are examples.
B. Lyric Poetry- A lyric poem is a poem that expresses the emotions,
feelings and obeervations of the writer. Unlike a narrative poem, it
presents an experience or a single effect, but it does not tell a full story.
 Song is a lyric poem set to music and is intended to be sung
 Sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem focused on a single theme.
 Elegy is a solemn and formal lyric poem about death. It may
mourn a particular pereon or reflect on serious or tragic theme.
 Ode is a long, formal lyric poem with a serious theme. It often
honors people, commemorative events, respond to natural
scenes, or consider serous human problems.
 Simple lyric or simply lyric includes al lyric poems that do not fall
under the 4 other types.
Elements of Poetry
A. Sound - Poems use rhyme, rhythm, and repetition to create special sound effects.
 Rhyme is the regular recurrence of similar sounds usually at the end of lines.
Example is the following lines from the poem Tree. Notice the sounds of the
underline words at the end of each line.
 Rhythm, like the beat in music, is the recurrence of pattern of sound. It is the
result of systematically stressing or accenting worte and syllables.
 Meter is the measure with which we count the beat of rhythm. It is taken from the
Greek word "metron" meaning "to measure". Traditionally poetry has measure
rhythm, that is, it has a regular verse or line pattern.
 Repetition is the repeated use of a sound, word, phrase, sentence , rhythmical
pattern or grammatical patter.
 Forms of repetition include the following.
Alliteration is repetition of initial consonant sounds

B.Fgures of Speech
1. Simile (from the Latin word simile which means similar) is a stated comparison
between two things that really are very different, but share some common element. It
introduced by like, as, as if, than similar to resemble, etc.
2. Metaphor (from the Greek verb methapherein which means to carry over) is a
suggested or implied comparison between two unlike things without the use of as, as
if, like.
3. Personifcation is a figure of speech that gives human qualities or attributes to an
object, an animal or an idea.
4. Metonymy (from the Greek prefix meta, which means change+ the root onoma,
name + the noun suffix-y) consist in substitution the literal noun for another which it
suggests because it is somehow associated with it.
5. Hyperbole (from the Greek prefix hyper which means beyond + the root ballein, to
throw) is a deliberate overstatement or exaggeration
6. Irony is a statement of one idea, the opposite of which is meant.
7. Oxymoron is combining of contraries (opposites) to portray a particular image or
to produce a striking effect.
8. Apostrophe is a direct address to an inanimate object, a dead person (as if
present), or an idea.
9. Omonmatopoeia refers to words that sound like what they mean.
Example: "Bangl" to the sound of the gun.
Tic, tac," of the clock
Splash of the water

Activity 1
Identify the figures of speech used in the sentence.
1. His heart was a cold, dark cave.
2. The sizzle of the steak on the grill made my mouth water.
3. A fire station burning down.
4. "We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools." - Martin
Luther King Jr.
5. "She's got a good head on her shoulders."
6. "Life is a journey, and we are all travelers on this road."
7. Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health!”
8. “My mind makes marvelous moves, masses / Marvel and move, many mock what I've
mastered,” Blackalicious -- Alphabet Aerobics
9. Go slow over the road.
10. I couldn’t understand them, they spoke in their mother tongue.
11. The more things change, the more they stay the same.
12. I have a few extra pounds.
13. “They paved paradise and put up a parking lot.” -- Joni Mitchell, Big Yellow Taxi
14. The car coughed and sputtered before finally starting.
15. We're downsizing our staff.
16. That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." - Neil Armstrong
17. The light of the fire is a sight.
18. I laughed so hard, I thought I was going to die!
19. She's between jobs at the moment.
20. The classroom was a zoo.

Activity 2 – Bio Poem

A bio poem is a simple poem written about a person, and it follows a predictable
pattern. It generally doesn’t rhyme and I can be autobiographical or biographical.
Write your own bio poem following the template below:

First name _____________________

3 words that describe you ___________, ___________, _____________
Son/Daughter of ___________________ and ______________________
Who loves ______________, ________________, ___________________
Who feels ____________________________________________________
Who needs, _____________, ________________, __________________
Who gives _______________, _______________, ___________________
Who fears ____________________________________________________
Who would like to _____________________________________________
Who lives in __________________________________________________
Surname _________________________
Sample Bio Poem

Kirsten
Dedicated, creative, caring
Daughter of John and Jane
Who loves black cats, great books, and warm chocolate
chip cookies
Who feels happy and peaceful when she’s kayaking the
Lumber River
Who needs fun, family and food
Who gives love, attitude and English homework
Who fears that we may be destroying our own planet
Who would like to travel to distant lands and hike far away
mountains
Belle

INTEGRATION
Share a particular culture/tradition practiced in your family that you would like to pass
down to your children in the future. Explain your answer.
SUMMARY
Literature enables people to transcend to immediate time, place and culture and to make
connections with other human beings and their concerns. There is so much to learn in
the study of literature. The different forms and types of literature provides us many ways
to express our creativity, experiences, and opinions about a particular topic.

REFERENCES
 Edwin V. Tendero and Hemmady S. Mora (2014). World Literature. Grand Books
Publishing, Pateros, Metro Manila.
 Rizza Soriano-Baldonado, et al. (2013). Readings from World Literature:
Understanding People’s Cultures, Traditions and Beliefs. Great Books
Publishing, West Avenue, Quezon City.
 Different Literary Types. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/evavoquendo/different-literary-type

Module 3
GREEK LITERATURE
OVERVIEW:
Greek literature, being the cream of the crop, the best among the best, served as the
pattern for other nations' works. Their writers' intellect and gift for the printed word
remain unequalled and unsurpassed to this day. They pioneered in the development of
literature in its varied forms which benefited mankind to a great extent.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Learn the background of Greek literature;
2. identify the different gods and goddesses in Greek literature; and
3. internalize the values learned from these gods and goddesses.

TOPIC OUTLINE:
I. Greek Literature
II. Greek Mythology
III. Greek Tragedy
IV. Greek Comedy
V. Greek Epic

INTRODUCTION:
If you will be given a chance to become a god or goddess. What do you want to
become and what power do you want to possess?
INTERACTION:

I. Greek Literature
Greek literature started in Ionia with Homer's brilliant epics, the Iliad and the
Odyssey. Athens became the literary colossus of the Greek world. Many literary
compositions were performed during Athenian festivals but the highlight was tragic
drama. The archetypal figures of heroic myth were used by poets to illuminate the life of
man and his position in the universe. Aeschylus, Euripides and Sophocles were the
three greatest poets while the greatest Greek comedian was Aristophanes. Socrates
was one of the most influential thinkers of Greece while Plato created the Academy
(school) and his pupil Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum. Together, they
influenced later European religion, science, philosophy and literature.

II. Greek Mythology

Myths are stories whose main characters are generally gods and goddesses. Every
country has its own body of myths or mythology. Classical myths, a name given to the
myths of the ancient Greeks, are the best known myths in western culture. All the Greek
mythological gods and goddesses were made out of their own image, and although they
were believed to control the lives of human beings, they weren't supreme, almighty
beings. Instead, they had human flaws. These gods and goddesses were immortal,
didn't get old or sick and had eternal youth. They had human desires and needs, such as
hunger and thirst, which they quenched with ambrosia or nectar. They were the
executive powers of fate, or moira, with which they were constantly interacting. The gods
lived on Olympus, a 6,000-foot, steep mountain always covered in clouds. Moira can be
called destiny. All lives, even those of the gods were subordinate to it. They were
represented by three moiras, the three goddesses or Parcae in Latin. They are:
1. Clotho - the Spinner, who starts spinning the thread of life with the start of each
new life.
2. Lachesis - the Divider, who, by manipulating destiny, changes the lives of
everyone.
3. Anthropos - the Inevitable, who cuts the thread of life when the time comes.

The Greek Gods and Goddesses

1. Zeus - the lord of heaven and earth, the father of gods and humans. He is known to
be the most powerful of the immortal Olympian gods. When he emerged triumphant
among his brothers and sisters in the wars of the Titans and the Giants, he acquired
respect and admiration among the gods.
2. Hera - the patron goddess of the family and married women. She is the worthy
spouse of Zeus. She intervenes in many of the myths (as she did in the Trojan war). She
punishes infidelity and takes fierce revenge on her husband's paramours.
3. Athena - the goddess of wisdom. She is the fruit of Zeus' union with Metis. She
sprang out of the head of Zeus. It was then told that her wisdom and bravery rivaled
those of her father. She helped heroes such as Perseus, Achilles and Odysseus.
4. Poseidon - god of the sea. In the Iliad, he takes the Greeks' side while he persecutes
Odysseus in the Odyssey, especially after the incident in which Odysseus blinds the
god's son, the cyclops Polyphemus. He has the power to control the sea and Modules in
Lterature 22 to prevent anyone from sailing.
5. Ceres- the goddess of agriculture. She1 is the goddess sof fertility, a mother-deity
associated with t the earth who protected and cultivated the soil. She is also the goddess
of the birth of the world. All the flowers, fruits, and other living things were gifts of Ceres.
6. Apollo - the god of light, music and prophecy. He is the god, he is engaging and has
affairs with differernt nymphs. . He son of the union of Leto and Zeus. A handsome and
well-made is also considered a god of war with his special skill in shooting arrows over
great distances.
7. Artemis - the goddess of the moon and the hunt. She is the sister of Apollo also born
from Leto. She is also identified with the power of light not by the sun but by the moon.
She due in the forest, protecting the hunters and the innocent thouek she is also a
vengeful deity to those who show her disrespect.
8. Hermnes - the god of commerce and messenger of the gods and bearer of dead
souls. He is also considered as the god of theft and served as the herald of the
gods.There are wings on his helmet and his heels and he bears a scepter. Apart from
his task of bringing messages from Zeus, he is also entrusted with escorting souls to
Hades.
9. Aphrodite - the goddess of love and beauty. She is the patron of love and lovers, and
her favorite pastime is to cause gods and goddesses to fall in love with mortals. She has
many affairs aside from her husband Hephaestus. She has several illicit affairs with
Ares, Adonis, Anachyses, etc. Eros (Cupid) is her child with Ares together with Deimos
(terror), Phobus (fear) and Harmony.
10. Ares - the god of war. He is always shown in armor and wearing a helmet, ready for
battle. Wherever there is blood- shed, combat and war, Ares is to be found.
11. Hephaestus - the god of fire and art. He made jewelry and other works of art. It was
he who made the armor of Achilles used in the Trojan war. He was also considered as
the ugliest among the gods, though he was always found in the company of beautiful
women, including Chare (beauty personified) and Aglaea, the youngest of the three
graces.
12. Hestia - the goddess of family peace. She is the per- sonification of the home. She is
the sister of Zeus and she requested to remain a virgin despite the fact that Poseidon
and Apollo wanted her as wife. The serenity of her life confined her to the world of ideas
and she played very little part in different events.

III. Greek Tragedy

In Greece, the word "tragedy" means goat song. It was believed to be from the
Greek rituals on the feast of Bacchus (Dionysus in Roman mythology), in whose favor
the chorus, dressed as goats (animal sacred to the gods) or satyrs (his mythical half-
goat, half-human companions), danced and chanted verses. Critics suggested that
tragedy is related to goat-song because it begins prosperously, as a goat is abundantly
hairy in front and ends wretchedly, as a goat is bare in the rear. Some say that it is so
because tragedies have plots which are smelly and unpleasant as goats. For Aristotle,
the famous Greek philosopher, it is a type of drama in which the chief character, an
essentially superior person, undergoes a morally significant struggle, which ends
disastrously. The story has the power to affect audiences by appealing to pity and fear
that result in catharsis or purgation. Before the hero reaches his tragic end, it is then
intensified through several events including anagnorisis and peripateaia triggered by his
tragic flaws particularly hubris or hamartia.

IV. Greek Comedy

This type of drama aims to amuse. For the Greeks, the main function of comedy
highlighted by beautiful lyrics with obscenity, slang and broad verbal humor, penetrating
social satire, is as a form of entertainment. Usually, it deals with incongruous aspects of
human speech, actions, and characters not primarily concerned with the basic issues of
good and evil.
V. Greek Epic
Epics as a literary genre, are long narrative poems written in a dignified style
celebrating heroic exploits of a character who is the embodiment of cultural, national and
religious ideals possessing supernatural prowess, larger than life, illustrating heroic
deeds and nation-founding. These were believed to be songs preserved through oral
tradition - a process of transferring literature from one mouth to another, coming from
one generation to another; by scoops, minstrels, bards, rhapsodies or storytellers
traveling from one place to another. The structure observes several conventions such as
in medias, restarting or plunging in the middle part of the plot or action; invocation to the
muses - starting the text through a prayer; the epic hero - a person possessing
supernatural powers; deus ex machina - intervention of the gods. The twin epics of
Greece, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey are the most exalted and acclaimed.

Activity 1: Identifying gods and goddesses

In the word puzzle box, encircle the gods and goddesses identified below. Match the
names with their designation by writing them on the blanks.

_________________1. The goddess of love and beauty.

_________________2. The goddess of family peace.
_________________3. The god of war.
_________________4. The lord of the heavens and the earth, the father of gods and
humans.
_________________5. The goddess of wisdom.
_________________6. The god of fire and art.
_________________7. The god of light, music, and prophecy.
_________________8. The goddess of agriculture
_________________9. The god of the sea.
_________________10. The god of commerce and messenger of the gods.
_________________11. The goddess of the moon and the hunt.
_________________12. The patron goddess of the family and married women.

Activity 2: Character Re-enactment

The class will be divided into 5 groups. Each group will choose a model to represent
the god or goddess they selected. The model must use props, costumes, and even
sounds to make the presentation more realistic. Then, the model needs to state the
name and a famous line of the god or goddess they are portraying.
Criteria:

Characterization (Accuracy of character portrayal)- 30

Resemblance (Resemblance of the costume, accessories and make-up)- 30%
Craftmanship (Workmanship, creativity and intricacy of costume detail)- 20%
Entertainment value and presence- 20%

INTEGRATION:
How would you describe the greek gods and goddesses?
SUMMARY :
The fertile imagination of the Greeks produced masterpieces explanations to varied
ideas out of their unequalled intellect.The ancient Greeks established and brought all
literary forms to a high degree of perfection.
REFERENCES:
Banaag et al. (2003). A Journey through World Literature
Canal, I. et al. (1997). English in Communication.
Balatbat, A. et al. (2001). A Journey Across the Miles Through Literature.
Lorenzo, E. et al. (1995). Communicate Effectively through Literature.
Jayag, R. et al. (nd). Text- Manual in Literature 2 (World Literature)

Module 4
THE ILLIAD AND ODYSSEY

OVERVIEW:
The Iliad and the Odyssey are two ancient Greek epic poems attributed to the poet
Homer. They are among the most important works of Western literature and provide a
glimpse into Greek mythology, culture, and history.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. know the epic Iliad and Odyssey;
2. identify the epic's characters;
3. explain the strengths and weaknesses of the characters; and
4. discuss the relevance of Homer's Iliad to present society.

TOPIC OUTLINE:
I. The Iliad
II. The Odyssey

INTRODUCTION:
What qualities make someone a hero?

INTERACTION:
The Iliad, more than 15,000 lines, is the story of a brutal episode in the long siege of
a city called Troy. But there is more in this old story than the account of the taking of a
forgotten city. Homer, the author of the Iliad never lets us forget that ever close to life is
the impending shadow of catastrophe. That those who had sinned grievously must be
punished no matter what the price might be.

Homer's Odyssey is a story of 12,000 lines which tells of the adventures of

Odysseus, one of the heroes of the Trojan campaign, in the years after the fall of Troy.
In this story, you can sense the strangeness and darkness of the different beings from
the mists of a collective nightmare that Odysseus fought.

Activity 1: FILM WATCHING

Watch “Helen of Troy” and answer the following questions about it.

1. Describe the following characters of the Iliad and discuss their strengths and
weaknesses.
a. Achilles
b. Agamemnon
c. Hector
d. Paris
e. Helen

2. Comment on the intervention of the gods in the lives of the characters.

Activity 2: Individual reading

Read the story of Odyssey and answer the following questions.
1. Are the character's strengths and weaknesses similar to those of ordinary people?
Justify your answer.
2. What can you say about the gods' meddling in the lives of the characters?

Activity 3:
Rearrange the jumbled words at the end of each phrase to get the correct answers
about the characters in the epic Odyssey.
1. Has come to mean a a "great passion." (HITAAC)
2. the priest of Apollo (NORAM)
3. Odysseus' faithful dog (GSRUA)
4. the one-eyed giant (YPEHOLPSUM)
5. Odysseus' son (USCHAMELET)
6. fierce eaters of human flesh (ESLAYTRSNAIONG)
7. Odysseus' wife (EENPOLEP)
8. turned men into swine and other animal (CCIRE)
9. the seer (SAITISRE)
10. a nymph who is the daughter of Atlas (SOPYLAC)
11. the sun god (SOILEH)
12. master of the winds (OUSAEL)
13. gigantic monster who swallows vast quantit of sea water (SIDYRHACB)
14. half-women and half-birds (NESRIS)
15. a sea monster resembling a woman from waist up (YASLCL)

INTEGRATION:
What is the relevance of the 2 epics (Iliad and Odyssey) to our present society?
Justify your answer.
SUMMARY:
The Iliad and the Odyssey remain highly relevant to contemporary society for
several reasons, as their themes, narratives, and characters continue to resonate and
provide valuable insights into human nature and societal values.

REFERENCES:
Banaag et al. (2003). A Journey through World Literature
Canal, I. et al. (1997). English in Communication.
Balatbat, A. et al. (2001). A Journey Across the Miles Through Literature.
Lorenzo, E. et al. (1995). Communicate Effectively through Literature.
Jayag, R. et al. (nd). Text- Manual in Literature 2 (World Literature)
Adventure "Helen of Troy" retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBSLzOLgOHI&t=14s
 Module 5
The Story of Ruth

OVERVIEW:
This is a story about two women of great strength and character. Though both of
them lost the one man they loved, still, they persevered and tried to find meaning in their
lives. Both of them suffered a lot, but because of their love for each other, the Lord
rewarded them.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. get familiar with the story of Ruth;
2. create a poster based on the story; and
3. discuss the qualities of a woman.

TOPIC OUTLINE
I. The Story of Ruth

INTRODUCTION:
Give a characteristic of a woman that distinguished her from a man.

INTERACTION:
In the class, read the story of Ruth through story relay.

Activity 1: Poster Making

Create a poster based on your understanding about the story of Ruth. Then, write a
short explanation about it.

Poster-Making Criteria
Needs
Criterion Excellent (10) Good (7) Satisfactory (5)
Improvement (3)
Some
Accurate, relevant, Mostly accurate Inaccurate or
inaccuracies;
Content and clear; effectively and relevant; irrelevant;
message
conveys message message is clear message unclear
somewhat unclear
Good
Logical, visually Layout is
organization, Poorly organized
Layout appealing, well- somewhat
minor layout and cluttered
organized confusing
issues
Visual Highly attractive and Attractive design Acceptable Unattractive, fails
 Needs
Criterion Excellent (10) Good (7) Satisfactory (5)
Improvement (3)
with some design, somewhat
Appeal engaging design to engage
engagement engaging
Highly original and
Good creativity, Some creativity, Lacks creativity
Creativity creative use of
some originality lacks originality and originality
visuals

Activity 2: Pair-Think-Share
Look for a partner and discuss what qualities make Ruth an epitome of goodness
and womanhood. Then, share your answer in the class.

Integration:
“Ruth” means mercy and compassion. Does the character live up to her name?

Summary:
Ruth’s narrative is a powerful testament to the qualities of womanhood—strength,
loyalty, and the ability to shape one’s destiny—which continue to resonate across
cultures and eras.

References:
Alcantara et al. (2000). World Literature
Balatbat et al. (2001). A Journey Across the Miles Through Literature.
Banaag et al. (2003). A Journey through World Literature