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    Additional Class Notes On Circulatory System

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    palsuvra95

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    Additional Class Notes On Circulatory System

    Uploaded by

    palsuvra95
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    Additional Class Notes on Circulatory System

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views3 pages

    Additional Class Notes On Circulatory System

    Uploaded by

    palsuvra95

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    ADDITIONAL CLASS NOTES ON CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

    Blood Platelets:

     Shape : Minute , oval structures


     Enucleated
     Count : 200000 – 400000/ mm3 of blood
     Origin : Derived from Megakaryocyte cells of Bone Marrow by budding
     Life span : 3-5 days
     Site of destruction : Spleen
     Function : Initiates Blood Clotting

    Process of Blood Clotting


     Injured blood vessels causes platelets to be injured,
     Injured platelets release thromboplastin / thrombokinase which converts inactive Prothrombin
    to Thrombin ( Active ) in presence of Calcium Ions.
     Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen to mesh of Fibrin threads in presence of Calcium Ions.
     The RBC are entangled in the fibrin threads while the clear liquid called serum oozes out.
     The entangled mass of RBC in the fibrin threads is called CLOT.

    VALVES PRESENT IN THE HEART

    NAME LOCATION FUNCTION


    1 TRICUSPID VALVE In between Right Auricle and Prevents backflow of blood
    ( It has 3 muscular flaps) Right Ventricle from Right ventricle to Right
    Auricle during Ventricular
    Systole
    2 BICUSPID VALVE In between Left Auricle and Prevents backflow of blood
    ( It has two muscular flaps) Left Ventricle from Left ventricle to Left
    Auricle during Ventricular
    Systole
    3 Pulmonary Semi Lunar Valve At the opening of Pulmonary Prevents backflow of blood
    Artery from Right ventricle from Pulmonary Artery to
    Right Ventricle during
    Ventricular Diastole.
    4 Aortic Semi Lunar Valve At the opening of Aorta from Prevents backflow of blood
    Left ventricle from Aorta to Left Ventricle
    during Ventricular Diastole
    DOUBLE CIRCULATION
     Pulmonary Circulation: Circulation of blood from the Right Ventricle to lungs to Left auricle.
     Systemic circulation: Circulation of blood from Left ventricle through aorta to all parts of the
    body and its return to the Right auricle.
     Double Circulation: Circulation of the blood through two different routes through the heart to
    complete one cardiac cycle.

    There fore DOUBLE CIRCULATION = PULMONARY + SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

    Chordae Tendinae : Location : Tendinous cords attached to the papillary muscles on the walls of the
    ventricles at one end and the apices of the Bicuspid and tricuspid valve at the other end.

    Function : 1 Prevents the Atrio-Ventricular valves from upturning during ventricular systole

    2 Holds the Bicuspid and Tricuspid Valve in position

    Cardiac Cycle : Entire sequence of events occurring in the heart during each heart beat ( 0.85 Sec)

    EVENTS OF CARDIAC CYCLE

    Atrial Systole : 0.15 sec

    Ventricular Systole : 0.30 Sec

    Joint Diastole : 0.40 Sec

    Total time : 0.85 Sec = 1 heart beat

    Pulse Rate = 60 sec / 0.85 = 72 beats / min

    HEART SOUNDS

    LUBB DUP
    First sound produced in the heart due to closure of Second Sound Produced in the heart due to
    bicuspid and tricuspid valve at the start of closure of the semi lunar valves at base of the
    ventricular systole pulmonary artery and Aorta at the start of
    Ventricular Diastole
    CONDUCTING TISSUE OF HEART SPECIALIZED SHOWING CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS

    Type of Cardiac Tissue Location Function


    1 SAN( Sino Atrial Node) On the wall of the right Auricle Initiates heart beat
    or pacemaker near the opening of the
    superior vena cava
    2 AVN ( Atrio Ventricular Node) At the base of the right auricle Receives the impulse from SAN
    near inter-auricular septum and causes delayed
    near tricuspid valve conduction to the Bundle of
    HIS. So ventricles contract
    after auricular systole is over.
    3 Bundle of HIS Branches of Fibres running Conduct the impulse from AVN
    along the inner walls of the to Purkinje fibres on the walls
    ventricles in the septum of ventricles
    4 Purkinje Fibres Specialized fibres which Responsible for ventricular
    originate from Bundle of HIS systole by causing the
    and run along the walls of the muscular walls to contract
    ventricles.

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