//Matrix Addition

1.import java.util.Scanner;
2.public class Add_Matrix
3.{
4. public static void main(String[] args)
5. {
6. int p, q, m, n;
7. Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
8. System.out.print("Enter number of rows
in first matrix:");
9. p = s.nextInt();
10. System.out.print("Enter number of
columns in first matrix:");
11. q = s.nextInt();
12. System.out.print("Enter number of
rows in second matrix:");
13. m = s.nextInt();
14. System.out.print("Enter number of
columns in second matrix:");
15. n = s.nextInt();
16. if (p == m && q == n)
17. {
18. int a[][] = new int[p][q];
19. int b[][] = new int[m][n];
20. int c[][] = new int[m][n];
21. System.out.println("Enter all
the elements of first matrix:");
22. for (int i = 0; i < p; i++)
23. {
24. for (int j = 0; j < q; j+
+)
25. {
26. a[i][j] = s.nextInt();
27. }
28. }
29. System.out.println("Enter all
the elements of second matrix:");
30. for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
31. {
32. for (int j = 0; j < n; j+
+)
33. {

1
34. b[i][j] = s.nextInt();
35. }
36. }
37. System.out.println("First
Matrix:");
38. for (int i = 0; i < p; i++)
39. {
40. for (int j = 0; j < q; j+
+)
41. {
42. System.out.print(a[i]
[j]+" ");
43. }
44. System.out.println("");
45. }
46. System.out.println("Second
Matrix:");
47. for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
48. {
49. for (int j = 0; j < n; j+
+)
50. {
51. System.out.print(b[i]
[j]+" ");
52. }
53. System.out.println("");
54. }
55. for (int i = 0; i < p; i++)
56. {
57. for (int j = 0; j < n; j+
+)
58. {
59. for (int k = 0; k < q;
k++)
60. {
61. c[i][j] = a[i][j]
+ b[i][j];
62. }
63. }
64. }
65. System.out.println("Matrix
after addition:");

2
66. for (int i = 0; i < p; i++)
67. {
68. for (int j = 0; j < n; j+
+)
69. {
70. System.out.print(c[i]
[j]+" ");
71. }
72. System.out.println("");
73. }
74. }
75. else
76. {
77. System.out.println("Addition
would not be possible");
78. }
79. }
80. }

1.import java.util.Scanner;
2.public class Odd_Even
3.{
4. public static void main(String[] args)
5. {
6. int n;
7. Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
8. System.out.print("Enter the number you
want to check:");
9. n = s.nextInt();
10. if(n % 2 == 0)
11. {
12. System.out.println("The given
number "+n+" is Even ");
13. }
14. else
15. {
16. System.out.println("The given
number "+n+" is Odd ");

3
 17. }
18. }
19. }

//Largest of 3 numbers
1.import java.util.Scanner;
2.public class Biggest_Number
3.{
4. public static void main(String[] args)
5. {
6. int x, y, z;
7. Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
8. System.out.print("Enter the first
number:");
9. x = s.nextInt();
10. System.out.print("Enter the second
number:");
11. y = s.nextInt();
12. System.out.print("Enter the third
number:");
13. z = s.nextInt();
14. if(x > y && x > z)
15. {
16. System.out.println("Largest
number is:"+x);
17. }
18. else if(y > z)
19. {
20. System.out.println("Largest
number is:"+y);
21. }
22. else
23. {
24. System.out.println("Largest
number is:"+z);
25. }
26.
27. }
28. }

4
//Equals Program in java
1.import java.util.Scanner;
2.public class Equal_Integer
3.{
4. public static void main(String[] args)
5. {
6. int m, n;
7. Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
8. System.out.print("Enter the first
number:");
9. m = s.nextInt();
10. System.out.print("Enter the second
number:");
11. n = s.nextInt();
12. if(m == n)
13. {
14. System.out.println(m+" and
"+n+" are equal ");
15. }
16. else
17. {
18. System.out.println(m+" and
"+n+" are not equal ");
19. }
20. }
21. }

//Digits extraction in java

1.import java.util.Scanner;
2.public class Extract_Digits
3.{
4. public static void main(String args[])
5. {
6. int n, m, a, i = 1, counter = 0;
7. Scanner s=new Scanner(System.in);
8. System.out.print("Enter any number:");
9. n = s.nextInt();
10. m = n;
11. while(n > 0)
5
 12. {
13. n = n / 10;
14. counter++;
15. }
16. while(m > 0)
17. {
18. a = m % 10;
19. System.out.println("Digits at
position "+counter+":"+a);
20. m = m / 10;
21. counter--;
22. }
23. }
24. }

//Integer Palindrome in java

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Palindrome
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n, m, rev = 0, x;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number:");
n = s.nextInt();
m = n;
while(n > 0)
{
x = n % 10;
rev = rev * 10 + x;
n = n / 10;
}
if(rev == m)
{
System.out.println(" "+m+" is a
palindrome number");
}
else
{
System.out.println(" "+m+" is not a
palindrome number");
6
 }
}
}

//Linear Search in java

1. import java.util.Scanner;
2.
3. class LinearSearchExample2
4. {
5. public static void main(String args[])
6. {
7. int c, n, search, array[];
8.
9. Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
10. System.out.println("Enter number of elements");
11. n = in.nextInt();
12. array = new int[n];
13.
14. System.out.println("Enter those " + n + " elements
");
15.
16. for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
17. array[c] = in.nextInt();
18.
19. System.out.println("Enter value to find");
20. search = in.nextInt();
21.
22. for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
23. {
24. if (array[c] == search) /* Searching element is
present */
25. {
26. System.out.println(search + " is present at loca
tion " + (c + 1) + ".");
27. break;
28. }

7
 29. }
30. if (c == n) /* Element to search isn't present */
31. System.out.println(search + " isn't present in arra
y.");
32. }
33. }

//Binary Search in java

1. class BinarySearchExample{
2. public static void binarySearch(int arr[], int first, int las
t, int key){
3. int mid = (first + last)/2;
4. while( first <= last ){
5. if ( arr[mid] < key ){
6. first = mid + 1;
7. }else if ( arr[mid] == key ){
8. System.out.println("Element is found at index: " + mi
d);
9. break;
10. }else{
11. last = mid - 1;
12. }
13. mid = (first + last)/2;
14. }
15. if ( first > last ){
16. System.out.println("Element is not found!");
17. }
18. }
19. public static void main(String args[]){
20. int arr[] = {10,20,30,40,50};
21. int key = 30;
22. int last=arr.length-1;
23. binarySearch(arr,0,last,key);
24. }
25. }

8
//Binary search in java Using recursion

1. class BinarySearchExample1{
2. public static int binarySearch(int arr[], int first, int la
st, int key){
3. if (last>=first){
4. int mid = first + (last - first)/2;
5. if (arr[mid] == key){
6. return mid;
7. }
8. if (arr[mid] > key){
9. return binarySearch(arr, first, mid-1, key);//search
in left subarray
10. }else{
11. return binarySearch(arr, mid+1, last, key);//
search in right subarray
12. }
13. }
14. return -1;
15. }
16. public static void main(String args[]){
17. int arr[] = {10,20,30,40,50};
18. int key = 30;
19. int last=arr.length-1;
20. int result = binarySearch(arr,0,last,key);
21. if (result == -1)
22. System.out.println("Element is not found!");
23. else
24. System.out.println("Element is found at index
: "+result);
25. }
26. }

//Print Fibonacci numbers

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main

9
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n, a = 0, b = 0, c = 1;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter value of n:");
n = s.nextInt();
System.out.print("Fibonacci Series:");
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
a = b;
b = c;
c = a + b;
System.out.print(a+" ");
}
}
}
//Illustrate Various Boolean operators
1. public static void main(String args[])
2. {
3. Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
4. System.out.print("Enter a:");
5. boolean a = s.nextBoolean();
6. System.out.print("Enter b:");
7. boolean b = s.nextBoolean();
8. boolean c = a | b;
9. boolean d = a & b;
10. boolean e = a ^ b;
11. boolean f = (!a & b) | (a & !b);
12. boolean g = !a;
13. System.out.println("a = " + a);
10
 14. System.out.println("b = " + b);
15. System.out.println("a|b = " + c);
16. System.out.println("a&b = " + d);
17. System.out.println("a^b = " + e);
18. System.out.println("!a&b|a&!b = "
+ f);
19. System.out.println("!a = " + g);
20. }
21. }

//Illustrate Various Boolean operators

1.import java.util.Scanner;
2.public class Bitwise_Operation
3.{
4. public static void main(String[] args)
5. {
6. int m, n, x, a;
7. Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
8. System.out.print("Enter First
number:");
9. m = s.nextInt();
10. System.out.print("Enter Second
number:");
11. n = s.nextInt();
12. while(true)
13. {
14. System.out.println("");
15. System.out.println("Press 1
for Right Shift by 2:");
16. System.out.println("Press 2
for Left Shift by 2:");
17. System.out.println("Press 3
for Bitwise AND:");
18. System.out.println("Press 4
for Bitwise OR by 2:");
19. System.out.println("Press 5
for Bitwise Exclusive OR:");
20. System.out.println("Press 6
for Bitwise NOT:");
21. System.out.println("Press 7 to
Exit:");
11
22. System.out.println("");
23. System.out.print("Option:");
24. x = s.nextInt();
25. switch(x)
26. {
27. case 1:
28. a = m << 2;
29. System.out.println("Result
after left shift by 2:"+a);
30. break;
31.
32. case 2:
33. a = n >> 2;
34. System.out.println("Result
after right shift by 2:"+a);
35. break;
36.
37. case 3:
38. a = m & n;
39. System.out.println("Result
after bitwise AND:"+a);
40. break;
41.
42. case 4:
43. a = m | n;
44. System.out.println("Result
after bitwise OR:"+a);
45. break;
46.
47. case 5:
48. a = m ^ n;
49. System.out.println("Result
after bitwise Exclusive OR:"+a);
50. break;
51.
52. case 6:
53. a = ~ m;
54. System.out.println("Result
after bitwise NOT:"+a);
55. break;
56.
57. case 7:

12
 58. System.exit(0);
59. }
60. }
61. }
62. }

//Armstrong number using While loop in java

import java.util.Scanner;
public class ArmStrong
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n, count = 0, a, b, c, sum = 0;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number:");
n = s.nextInt();
a = n;
c = n;
while(a > 0)
{
a = a / 10;
count++;
}
while(n > 0)
{
b = n % 10;
sum = (int) (sum+Math.pow(b, count));
n = n / 10;
}
if(sum == c)
{
System.out.println(c+ " is an Armstrong
number");
}
else
{
System.out.println(c+ " is not an
Armstrong number");
}

13
 }
}

//Armstrong number using for loop in java

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArmStrong

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n, count = 0, a, b, c, sum = 0;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number:");
n = s.nextInt();
a = n;
c = n;

// Calculate the number of digits in 'n'

using a for loop
for (; a > 0; a /= 10)
{
count++;
}

// Reset 'a' and 'sum' for the following loop

a = n;
sum = 0;

// Calculate the sum of cubes of digits using

a for loop
for (; n > 0; n /= 10)
{
b = n % 10;
sum += Math.pow(b, count);
}

if (sum == c)
{
System.out.println(c + " is an Armstrong
number");
}
14
 else
{
System.out.println(c + " is not an
Armstrong number");
}
}
}

Examples of command-line argument

Example 1:
 Java

// Java Program to Illustrate First Argument

// Class
class GFG {

// Main driver method

public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Printing the first argument
System.out.println(args[0]);
}
}

Java Program to Check for Command Line Arguments

// Class
class GFG {
15
 // Main driver method
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Checking if length of args array is
// greater than 0
if (args.length > 0) {

// Print statements
System.out.println("The command line"
+ " arguments are:");

// Iterating the args array

// using for each loop

for (String val : args)

// Printing command line arguments
System.out.println(val);
}
else
// Print statements
System.out.println("No command line "
+ "arguments
found.");
}
}

Local Variable Type Inference

16
Local Variable Type Inference is one of the most evident
change to language available from Java 10 onwards. It allows to
define a variable using var and without specifying the type of it.
The compiler infers the type of the variable using the value
provided. This type inference is restricted to local variables.

Old way of declaring local variable.

String name = "Welcome to tutorialspoint.com";

New Way of declaring local variable.

var name = "Welcome to tutorialspoint.com";

Now compiler infers the type of name variable as String by

inspecting the value provided.

Noteworthy points

 No type inference in case of member variable, method

parameters, return values.
 Local variable should be initialized at time of declaration
otherwise compiler will not be infer and will throw error.
 Local variable inference is available inside initialization
block of loop statements.
 No runtime overhead. As compiler infers the type based
on value provided, there is no performance loss.
 No dynamic type change. Once type of local variable is
inferred it cannot be changed.
 Complex boilerplate code can be reduced using local
variable type inference.
Map<Integer, String> mapNames = new HashMap<>();

var mapNames1 = new HashMap<Integer, String>();

Example

Following Program shows the use of Local Variable Type

Inference in JAVA 10.

17
import java.util.List;

public class Tester {

public static void main(String[] args) {
var names = List.of("Julie", "Robert", "Chris",
"Joseph");
for (var name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}
System.out.println("");
for (var i = 0; i < names.size(); i++) {
System.out.println(names.get(i));
}
}
}

Output

Julie
Robert
Chris
Joseph

Julie
Robert
Chris
Joseph

Jump Statements in Java

Jumping statements are control statements that transfer

execution control from one point to another point in the
program. There are three Jump statements that are provided
in the Java programming language:
1. Break statement.
2. Continue statement.
3. Return Statement
18
Break statement

1. Using Break Statement to exit a loop:

In java, the break statement is used to terminate the
execution of the nearest looping statement or switch
statement. The break statement is widely used with the switch
statement, for loop, while loop, do-while loop.
Syntax:
break;

// Java program to illustrate the

// break keyword in Java
import java.io.*;

class GFG {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n = 10;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (i == 6)
break;
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}
Output
0
1
2
3
4
5

Note :In a switch statement, if the break statement is

missing, every case label is executed till the end of the
switch.

2. Use Break as a form of goto

19
Java does not have a goto statement because it produces an
unstructured way to alter the flow of program execution. Java
illustrates an extended form of the break statement. This form
of break works with the label. The label is the name of a
label that identifies a statement or a block of code.
Syntax:
break label;
When this form of break executes, control jumps out of the
labeled statement or block.

import java.io.*;

class GFG {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
one : { // label one
two : { // label two
three : { // label three
System.out.println("i=" + i);
if (i == 0)
break one; // break to label one
if (i == 1)
break two; // break to label two
if (i == 2)
break three; // break to label three
}
System.out.println("after label three");
}
System.out.println("after label two");
}
System.out.println("after label one");
}
}
}

Continue Statement

20
The continue statement pushes the next repetition of the
loop to take place, hopping any code between itself and the
conditional expression that controls the loop.

Java program to illustrate the

// continue keyword in Java
import java.io.*;

class GFG {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 6){
System.out.println();
// using continue keyword
// to skip the current iteration
continue;
}
System.out.println(i);
}
}
}

Output
0
1
2
3
4
5

7
8
9
In the program, when the value of i is 6, the compiler
encounters the continue statement, and then 6 is skipped.

21
Return Statement

The “return” keyword can help you transfer control from one
method to the method that called it. Since the control jumps
from one part of the program to another, the return is also a
jump statement.
 “return” is a reserved keyword means we can’t use it
as an identifier.
 It is used to exit from a method, with or without a
value.


import java.io.*;

class ReturnExample {
// A simple method that takes two integers as input and
// returns their sum
public static int calculateSum(int num1, int num2)
{
// Print a message indicating the method has started
System.out.println("Calculating the sum of " + num1
+ " and " + num2);
int sum = num1 + num2;
System.out.println("The sum is: " + sum);

// Return the calculated sum

return sum;

// Note: Any code after the 'return' statement will

// not be executed. But "Final" is an exception in
// the case of try-catch-final block.
// System.out.println("end"); // error : unreachable
// statement
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Call the calculateSum method
int result = calculateSum(5, 10);

22
 // Print the result
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
}
}

Output
Calculating the sum of 5 and 10
The sum is: 15
Result: 15
Output Explanation:
When we are calling a class calculateSum method that has
return sum which returns the value of sum and that value gets
displayed on the console.

23
Write a program in Java to develop user defined exception for
‘Divide by Zero’ error.
class MyException extends Exception
{
private int ex;
MyException(int b)
{
ex=b;
}
public String toString()
{
return "My Exception : Number is not divided
by "+ex;
}
}
class DivideByZeroException
{
static void divide(int a,int b) throws
MyException
{
if(b<=0)
{
throw new MyException(b);
}
else
{
System.out.println("Division : "+a/b);
}
}
public static void main(String arg[])
{
try
{
divide(10,0);
}
catch(MyException me)
{
System.out.println(me);
}

24
 }
}

// Resizable.java

// Interface Resizable

// Declare the Resizable interface

interface Resizable {

// Declare the abstract method "resizeWidth" to

resize the width

void resizeWidth(int width);

// Declare the abstract method "resizeHeight" to

resize the height

void resizeHeight(int height);

Copy
// Rectangle.java

// Declare the Rectangle class, which implements the

Resizable interface

class Rectangle implements Resizable {

// Declare private instance variables to store

width and height

private int width;

25
 private int height;

// Constructor for initializing the width and

height

public Rectangle(int width, int height) {

this.width = width;

this.height = height;

// Implement the "resizeWidth" method to resize

the width

public void resizeWidth(int width) {

this.width = width;

// Implement the "resizeHeight" method to resize

the height

public void resizeHeight(int height) {

this.height = height;

// Method to print the current width and height

of the rectangle

public void printSize() {

System.out.println("Width: " + width + ",

Height: " + height);

}
26
}

Copy
// Main.java

// Declare the Main class

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create an instance of the Rectangle class

with an initial size

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(100,

150);

// Print the initial size of the rectangle

rectangle.printSize();

// Resize the rectangle by changing its width

and height

rectangle.resizeWidth(150);

rectangle.resizeHeight(200);

// Print the updated size of the rectangle

rectangle.printSize();

27
 7. Write a program to illustrate the creation of threads using a
runnable class. (start method starts each of the newly created
thread. Inside the run method, there is sleep() to suspend the
thread for 500 milliseconds).
MyThread.java:
public class MyThread implements Runnable {
public void run() {
//works till i is at most 5
for (int i = 1; i<= 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" i is " + i);
try {
//sleep current thread for 500 ms
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
//print the exception message if occurred
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
}
Main.java:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Common object
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
//thread 1
Thread t1 =new Thread(myThread);
//thread2
Thread t2 =new Thread(myThread);
//thread 3

28
Thread t3 =new Thread(myThread);
//starting all 3 threads now
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
Explanation:
 The Runnable interface comprises one run method which is abstract.
Each class implementing the Runnable interface should override the run
method.
 The MyThread class implements the Runnable interface and overrides the
run method.
 The run method prints the thread name along with the value of the
variable i, that is, the iteration variable.
 In each iteration of the run method, the sleep method is called to suspend
the currently running thread for 500 milliseconds.
 Within the Main class, the object of MyThread class is created. This
object is passed as a parameter to each Thread class object created within
the main method.
 Further, the start method is called to start the thread, which internally
calls the run method.
 Total three threads are created and all three threads are started one by one
by calling the start method.

8.Develop a program to create a class My Thread in this class a

constructor, call the base class constructor, using super and start
the thread. The run method of the class starts after this. It can be
observed that both main thread and created child thread are
executed concurrently.

class MyThread extends Thread

{
MyThread()
{
super (“Using Thread class”);
System.out.println (“Child thread:” + this);

start();
}
public void run()
{
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try
{
for ( int i =5; i > 0; i--)
{
System.out.println (“Child thread” + i);
Thread.sleep (500);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) { }
System.out.println (“exiting child thread …”);
}
}
class TestMyThread
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
new MyThread();
try {
for ( int k = 5; k < 0; k--)
{
System.out.println (“Running main thread :” + k);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e) { }
System.out.println (“Exiting main thread . . .”);
}
}

30