CSS-TLE-8 - CSS 7 module

Computer Systems Servicing (Batasan Hills National High

School)

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COMPUTER SYSTEM
SERVICING 7/8 (MELC-BASED LEARNING
ACTIVITIES)

COMPUTE
R SYSTEM
SERVICIN
G8

K-12
TECHNOLOGY &
LIVELIHOOD
EDUCATION

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ACTIVITIES)

LESSON I
USING AND MAINTAINING
HAND
TOOLS

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Plan and Prepare for task to be

undertaken LO 2. Prepare hand tools;
LO 3. Use appropriate hand
tools and LO 4. Maintain hand
tools.

Definition of Terms

Bin - a container or enclosed space for storage.

Computer chassis - the enclosure that contains most of the components of a
computer. Diagnostic tools - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of
electricity in computer components and to test the functionality of computer ports.
Hazards - risks; dangers.
Insulation - a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or
electricity. Nozzle - a projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a hose, for
regulating and erecting a flow of fluid.
Preventive - intended or used to prevent or hinder.
Static electricity - an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body
Tool - a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.

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Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: Preparing for the task to be undertaken

Learning Competency: LO 1 Prepare hand tools

Learning Target: 1.1 Identify tasks to be undertaken properly.

References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,

K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIa-17

LO.1 Concept Notes

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a
traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that
activates and controls a particular function.

Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail
the scope of work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the
sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the
tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and
instructions for that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as
recommended by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable
parts must also be selected and used according to their manufacturer’s instructions.

Safe Use of tools

Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools
come with detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and
Don’ts for your safety. If there are set-up/use options, operator judgment must always be
based on what is the safest way to use the tool.

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

• All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance
• The right tool be used for the job
• Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
• Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
• The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used

LO1
A. Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
true 1. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of he
tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and
instructions for that specific tool.
true 2. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as
recommended by the manufacturer, must be included.
false 3. The safe use of a tool depends on using the tool for the purpose for which it was
designed and also for other purposes where it can be used as substitute where tool is not
available.
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True 4. All tools should be kept in good condition with regular maintenance.
true 5. Preparing for a task includes only knowing the task to be done.

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6. Preparing for a task includes also the sequence of tasks to be done.

Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: HARDWARE TOOLS

Learning Competency: LO 2 Prepare hand tools
Learning Target: 2.1 Check appropriate hand tools for proper operations and safety.
2.2 Identify and mark unsafe or faulty tools for repair according to standard company procedure
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIb-18

LO 2 Concept Notes
HARDWARE TOOLS

To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all
of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available
for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:
• Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
• Hand tools
• Cleaning tools
• Diagnostic tools
•
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing,

hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and
cause the buildup of static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment.
Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic
means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity. Examples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap – Anti-static mat – used to

stand
used to prevent ESD on or place hardware on to
damage to computer prevent static electricity from
equipment. 3 building up. 8

Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using
only hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered,
using electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools:
Flat head Philips head screwdriver –
screwdriver – used
used to loosen or to loosen or tighten crosshead
tighten slotted screws. screws.1
4
Torx screwdriver - used to Hex driver – sometimes called
loosen or a nut driver, is used to tighten
tighten screws that nuts in the same way that a
have a star-like screwdriver tightens
depression on the top, a screws.
feature that is 5
mainly
found on laptop. 6
Needle-nose plier – Wire cutter – used to strip and
used cut
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to hold small parts. 7 wires. 2
Tweezers – used to Part retriever – used to retrieve
manipulate small parts. 9 parts from location that are to small

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for your hand to fit. 11

Flashlight –
used
to light
up areas that you
cannot see well. 10

Cleaning Tools

Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing

computers.
Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning.
Examples:
Lint-free cloth – used Compressed air –
to clean different used to blow away dust
computer components and debris from
different computer
without scratching or component parts without touching
leaving the
debris
.
Cable ties – used to Parts organizer –
bundle cables neatly used to hold screw,
inside and outside of a jumpers, fasteners and
computer. other small parts and
prevents them
from getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of
hardware and operating system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free.
Here's the most popular tools for diagnosing your computer problems:

Multimeter – used to Loopback Adapter –

test used
the integrity of circuits to test the functionality
and of
the quality of electricity computer ports.
in
computer components.

LO 2
A. Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
3. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same
way that a screwdriver tightens screws?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
4. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
5. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
6. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving
debris?

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a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
9. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the
top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop?
a. Anti-static mat b. Torx screwdriver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts
without touching the components?

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a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Compressed air d. Wire

cutter
Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: PROPER USE OF TOOLS

Learning Competency: LO 3 Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment.
Learning Target: 3.1 Use tools according to tasks undertaken.
3.2 Observe all safety procedures in using tools at all times and use appropriate
PPE
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIc-19

LO 3 Concept Notes
PROPER USE OF TOOLS

Proper Use of ESD Tools

The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge between
you and the equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that connects your
body to the equipment that you are working on. When static electricity builds up in your
body, the connection made by the wrist strap to the equipment, or ground, channels the
electricity through the wire that connects the strap.
The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:
1. Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap or Velcro. The metal
on the back of the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at all times.
2. Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect the other
end either to the equipment or to the same grounding point that the antistatic mat is
connected to.
An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity away from
a component and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point:
1. Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
2. Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can place
parts as you remove them from the system. Reducing the potential for ESD reduces the
likelihood of damage to delicate circuits or components.

Proper Use of Hand Tools

A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This topic
covers many of the various hand tools used when repairing computers.

Screws
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on
the head of the screw. Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and
counterclockwise to loosen the screw. Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten
them with a screwdriver. A stripped screw may get stuck in the screw hole, or it may not
tighten firmly. Discard stripped screws.

Flat head screwdriver

Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not use a
flat head screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver as a pry
bar. If you cannot remove a component, check to see if there is a clip or latch that is
securing the component in place.
CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something is
probably wrong. Take a second look to make sure that you have not missed a screw or a
locking clip that is holding the component in place. Refer to the device manual or diagram
for additional information.

Phillips head screwdriver

Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of
screwdriver to puncture anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.
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Hex driver
Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head.
Hex bolts should not be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped.
Do not use a hex driver that is too large for the bolt that you are using.

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CAUTION: Some tools are magnetized. When working around electronic devices, be sure
that the tools you are using have not been magnetized. Magnetic fields can be harmful to
data stored on magnetic media. Test your tool by touching the tool with a screw. If the
screw is attracted to the tool, do not use the tool.

Part retriever, Needle-nose pliers, or tweezers

The part retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers can be used to place and
retrieve parts hat may be hard to reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any
components when using these tools. CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the
computer to change the setting of switches or to pry off jumpers. The pencil lead can act as
a conductor and may damage the computer components.

Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program.
Dirt can cause problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical
components. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an
insulator and trap the heat. This insulation will impair the ability of heat sinks and cooling
fans to keep components cool, causing chips and circuits to overheat and fail.

CAUTION: When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be
blown around the components with a minimum distance of four inches from the nozzle.
The power supply and the fan should be cleaned from the back of the case.

CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.

Computer Cases and Monitors

Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning solution on a
damp, lint- free cloth. Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of water to
create the cleaning solution. If any water drips inside the case, allow enough time for the
liquid to dry before powering on the computer.

LCD Screens
Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen,
unless the cleaner is specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will damage
the coating on the screen. There is no glass protecting these screens, so be gentle when
cleaning them and do not press firmly on the screen.

CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with
distilled water and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Then use a soft, dry cloth to
wipe the screen and remove any streaking after you have cleaned the monitor. Clean
dusty components with a can of compressed air. Compressed air does not cause
electrostatic buildup on components. Make sure that you are in a well- ventilated area
before blowing the dust out of the computer. A best practice is to wear a dust mask to
make sure that you do not breathe in the dust particles. Blow out the dust using short
bursts from the can. Never tip the can or use the compressed air can upside down. Do not
allow the fan blades to spin from the force of the compressed air. Hold the fan in place.
Fan motors can be ruined from spinning when the motor is not turned on.

Component Contacts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing alcohol.
Rubbing alcohol contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure that the
contacts do not collect any lint from the cloth or cotton swab. Blow any lint off the
contacts with compressed air before reinstallation.

Keyboard
Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum cleaner with
a brush attachment.
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CAUTION: Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case. The plastic parts
of the vacuum cleaner can build up static electricity and discharge to the components. Use
only a vacuum approved for electronic components.

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Mouse
Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray glass
cleaner directly on the mouse.

LO 3

A. Direction. Identify the appropriate tool to use for each of the following:

1. Equalize the electrical charge between you and the equipment.

2. Tighten / loosen screw
3. Tighten / looses bold with a hexagonal head
4. Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your fingers
5. Tighten / loosen a slotted screw.

B. Direction: Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below.

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:

Computer case and outside monitor Mild cleaning solution and lint free
cloth
(sample)
Keyboard
Mouse
LCD screen
CRT screen
Heat sink
RAM

C. Direction. Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on you answer sheet.

1. The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to the electrical charge between you
and the equipment.
2. Turn the screwdriver to tighten the screw
3. Turn the screwdriver to loosen the screw.
4. Use a head screwdriver with crosshead screws.
5. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an and trap the heat.
6. When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown
around the components with a minimum distance of inches from the nozzle.
7. Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of switches or to
pry off jumpers because the tip contains which can act as a conductor and may damage
the computer components.
8. To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with water
and wipe
the screen from top to bottom.
9. Clean the contacts on components with alcohol.
10. Use a to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head.

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Activity Sheet No.: 4

Activity Title: TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

Learning LO 4 Maintain hand tools
Competency:
Learning Target: 4.1 Do not drop tools to avoid damage; carry out routine maintenance
of tools according to standard operational procedures, principles, and
techniques
4.2 Store tools safely in appropriate locations in accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications or standard operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIId-20

LO. 4 Concept Notes

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not
endangered. Regulations require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before
use. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment
and machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition limit downtime and extend
productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially
hazardous and can result in injury. The successful maintenance program is:
• well organized and scheduled,
• controls hazards,
• defines operational procedures, and
• trains key personnel.
The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will
depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment may have
very specific inspection and maintenance requirements. Electronic equipment may have
different maintenance requirements. Hand tools may require only basic maintenance.
Power tools should be maintained in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring
that blades/bits are replaced when needed and those guards or other safety devices are
operable and any damaged electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced. Damaged or
defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service. Most
manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large companies
typically have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital investment
and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance
services may be included in the leasing agreement. General requirements for tools and
equipment maintenance include:
• Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer
• Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
• Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g.
licensed mechanic)
• Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted
• Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the
records are kept
• Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment

PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT

To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long
time, store them properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when
needed and are less likely to be lost.
Good practices include:
• Parts should be properly stored and
labeled (Figure 1).
• Tools should be properly placed on the
board, and labeled (Figure 2). Consider
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drawing the shapes of the tools on the
board so that they always get put back
in the same position.

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• Use bins for storing small parts (Figure 3).

• Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good
maintenance of tools and parts

Benefits:
• Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find
• Costs are reduced.
• Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and
equipment.
• Workshop staffs develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their work.

LO 4

Directions: Enumerate the following.

Good practices in the proper storage of tools: (at
least 2) 1.
2.
Benefits of proper storage of tools: (at
least 2) 1.
2.
Directions. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered.
2. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and
machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition limit downtime and extend
productivity.
3. The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend
on the kinds of tools/equipment used.
4. Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service.
5. Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment.
6. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less likely to
be lost.
7. Use bins for storing small parts is a good practice on proper storage.
8. Productivity is increased because time is not lost looking for tools, parts and equipment
is one of the benefits of proper storage.

LO 3 Performance Tasks
A. Direction: Conduct a maintenance activity on the given hand tools.
TOOLS MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY
1. Flat Head Screwdriver (example) Clean and Magnetize
2. Philips Head Screwdriver (example) Clean and Magnetize
3. Torx Screwdriver (example) Clean and Magnetize
4. Hex Driver (example) Clean and Magnetize
5. Needle-Nose Plier (example) Clean and Lubricate
6. Wire Cutter (example) Clean, Lubricate and Sharpen
7. Tweezer (example) Clean
8. Part Retriever (example) Clean
9. Flashlight (example) Clean and Change
batteries if
drained

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10. Multimeter (example) Clean and Calibrate

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B. Direction: Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintaining and cleaning

a personal computer. Some items are already given for you. Continue the Table.

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

COMPONENTS TO SCHEDULE Tools to use

CLEAN
Computer case and outside Daily (sample)
Monitor
Keyboard

C. Direction: Using the given tools, segregate the following according to its classification.
(The teacher will provide the tools for classification)

SCORING RUBRICS: for Activity Sheet 1.2

Criteria:
Point
Number of Tools s
classified
20-22 10
15-19 8
10-14 6
5-9 4
1-4 2

LESSON II

PERFORMING COMPUTER
OPERATIONS (PCO)
WWEEEEKK22--33
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LEARNING OUTCOMES:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Plan and prepare for task to be

undertaken LO 2. Input data into the
computer
LO 3. Access information using computer
LO 4. Produce output using computer system
LO 5. Use basic functions of a www-browser to
locate information

Definition of Terms
Computer - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to instructions given to it in a variable program
Hardware - the physical components of a computer.
Software refers to the intangible part of the computer system that consists of routines
and programs, procedures and specialized aids (for example, compilers and library
routines) that make the hardware components perform their functions.
Computer data storage - storage or memory, which can save digital data. Examples are
RAM, hard disks, CDs, DVDs and removable flash memory sticks.

Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: OHS Policies & Procedures
Learning LO 1 Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken
Competency:
Learning Target: 1.3 Plan a task to ensure that OSH guidelines and procedures are followed
1.4 Follow client-specific guidelines and procedures
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References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,

K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ic-d-4

LO 1 Concept Notes

OHS Policies & Procedures

When you use the personal computer, you should take precautions against
eyestrain, wrist injury, and pains in the head, shoulder, back, and neck. These parts are
easily affected when you use your computer for a long time.

Good Posture
Sit up straight. Feet flat on the floor, use a footrest if needed.
Position your lower arms parallel with the floor and level to your keyboard, with
elbows at your side.
Keep wrists straight to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome.
Do not lean into the monitor, but sit close enough to the keyboard and the mouse
to stay relaxed.

Good Working Habits

Tap on the keys/mouse buttons
gently. Avoid long, uninterrupted
periods of typing.
Take short stretch breaks, ideally every 20
minutes, to prevent fatigue.
Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods.
Take vision breaks: Focus on objects at least 20
feet away. Do eye exercises.

Proper Care of Computer

Use an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR).
Unplug your system during lightning storms, even if it
is surge protected.
Disconnect from the Internet during lightning storms
to protect modems.
Avoid octopus connections.

LO 1
Directions: Write down your plan of actions for taking care of the following:
A. Computer
users 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Computer
equipment 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: Introduction to Computer

Learning Competency: LO 2 Input data into computer

Learning Target: 2.1 Enter the data into the computer using appropriate
program/application in accordance with company procedures
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2.2 Check the accuracy of information and save the information in

accordance with standard operating procedures
2.3 Store inputted data is in storage media according to requirements
2.4 Perform work within ergonomic guidelines
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO–Id-e-5

LO 2 Concept Notes
Computer - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to instructions given to it in a variable program

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

A. Hardware - the physical components of a computer.

HARDWARE CATEGORIES (Functional Parts)

The Input devices are used by the user to enter data, commands and programs
to the computer.
Most common input devices are:
Keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, light pen, scanners and digital cameras

Output Devices
Most common output devices are:
Monitor or Display, Printer and speakers

B. Software refers to the intangible part of the computer system that consists of routines
and programs, procedures and specialized aids (for example, compilers and library
routines) that make the hardware components perform their functions.
Computer software can be classified into following categories:
1. Operating system (OS) is the basic software responsible for interacting with the
hardware. It is the foundation on which user programs and application programs
are built.
2. Application programs is the catch-all name for all programs that are used for
carrying out specific tasks - office document creation (word processor), pay roll
processing (spreadsheet), publisher etc.
3. Utility Programs

C. Data ware. The systematic and organized collection of data and procedures
relevant to the organization

D. People ware. Refers to personnel who manage and use the computer system, who
design the applications and systems software, who write and encode the programs and
who run the hardware.

Computer Basic Operations

Input is whatever goes into the computer.

Input can take a variety of forms, from commands
you enter by keyboard to data from another
computer (via a network connection) or device
(via direct or network connection). A device that
feeds data into a computer, such as a keyboard or
mouse, is called an input device.
Output is any information (data) that comes out of a computer. Output devices can
be other computers, display screens, speakers, and printers.
Storage
Computer data storage is referred to as storage or memory, which can save
digital data.
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Examples are RAM, hard disks, CDs, DVDs and removable flash memory sticks.

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Permanent, or non-volatile, storage devices do not require power to remember the

data stored. Mass storage devices, like hard disk, are non-volatile; a loss of power does not
affect their ability to retain data. This category also includes ROM (Read Only Memory).
Temporary or volatile storage is more often called "memory". A loss of power means
that any data stored will be lost irretrievably. When you are using an application, such as a
word processor, the data (the document you are working on) is stored in RAM (Random
Access Memory). If you lose power without explicitly saving your work, you will likely lose
data.
Processing
The processor is the brain of a computer. It's also called the CPU (Central processing
unit) and it is a microchip. For a non-programmer, this is where all the real action is.
Programs just set the stage and direct the play. (In this off hand analogy, the play itself, in
written form, would be most like a program.)
The processor actually performs very simple operations like basic arithmetic and
comparing two values (but that may be like saying a stage actor just speaks, moves and
emotes).
Despite it's apparent simplicity, the CPU does in fact run the show, controlling all of
the peripherals while executing the current software commands.

LO 2
Directions: Identify the following:
1. the brain and the heart of a computer system
2. is a volatile memory
3. they are computer display screens, speakers, and printers
4. any information (data) that comes out of a computer
5. person who manage and use the computer system
6. the main output device of a computer
7. intangible part of the computer system
8. the physical components of a computer
9. an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in
binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program
10. the basic software responsible for interacting with the hardware

Activity Sheet No.: 3

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Activity Title: Using MS Office Applications MS World 2010
Learning Competency: LO 3 Access information using computer

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Learning Target: 3.1 Select correct program/application based on job requirements

3.2 Access program/application containing the information required
according to
company procedures
References: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/word/index.htm TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ie-f-6

LO 3 and 4 Concept Notes

Getting Started with Word 2010

In this lesson, we will discuss how to get started with Word 2010. We will understand
how to start a Word 2010 application in simple steps. Assuming you have Microsoft Office
2010 installed in your PC, to start the Word application, follow these steps –

Step 1 − Click the Start button.

Step 2 − Click the All-Programs option from the menu
Step 3 − Search for Microsoft Office from the submenu and click it.
Step 4 − Search for Microsoft Word 2010 from the submenu and click it.

Explore Window in Word

2010 Entering Text

Document area is the area where you

type your text. The flashing vertical bar is
called the insertion point and it represents
the location where the text will appear when
you type. Keep the cursor at the text
insertion point and start typing the text. The
text appears to the left of the insertion point
as you type −
The following are the two important points
that will help you while typing −
• You do not need to press Enter to start
a new line. As the insertion point
reaches the end of the line, Word
automatically starts a new one. You will
need to press Enter, to add a new
paragraph.
• When you want to add more than one space
between words, use the Tab key instead of the spacebar. This way you can properly
align text by using the proportional fonts.

Saving New Document

Once you are done with typing in your new Word document, it is time to save your
document to avoid losing work you have done on
a Word document. Following are
the steps to save an edited Word
document −
Step 1 − Click the File tab
and select the Save As option.
Step 2 − Select a folder where you will like to save the document, Enter the file name
which you want to
give to your document and Select the Save As option, by default it is the .docx
format.
Step 3 − Finally, click on the Save button and your document will be saved with the

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entered name in the selected folder.

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Saving New Changes

There may be an instance when you open an existing document and edit it partially or
completely or an instance where you may like to save the changes in between editing
of the document. If you want to save this document with the same name, then you can
use either of the following simple options −
Just press the Ctrl + S keys to save the changes. Optionally you can click on the
floppy icon available at the top left corner and just above the File tab. This option will
also help you save the changes. You can also use the third method to save the changes,
which is the Save option available just above the Save As option as shown in the above
screenshot.

Opening New Document

A new, blank document always opens when you start Microsoft Word. Suppose you
want to start another new document while you are working on another document, or you
closed an already opened document and want to start a new document. Here are the
steps to open a new document −
Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the New option.
Step 2 − When you select the New option from the first column, it will display a list of
templates in the
second column. Double-click on the Blank document; this is the first option in the
template list. The document is now ready for you to start typing your text.

Opening Existing Document

Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the Open option.
Step 2 − This will display the following file Open dialog box. This lets you navigate
through different folders and files, and also lets you select a file which you want to
open.
Step 3 − Finally, locate and select a file which you want to open and click the small
triangle available on the Open button to open the file. You will have different options to
open the file, but simply use the Open option.

Closing a Document

Here are simple steps to close an opened document −

Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the Close option.
Step 2 − When you select the Close option and if the document is not saved before
closing, it will display
the following Warning box asking whether the document should be saved or not.
Step 3 − To save the changes, click Save, otherwise click Don't Save. To go back to the
document, click Cancel. This will close the document and if you have other
documents open,

Printing Documents

The following steps will help you print your Microsoft Word document.
Step 1 − Open the document for which you want to see the preview. Next click the File
tab followed by
the Print option which will display a preview of the document in the right column.
You can scroll up or scroll down your document to walk through the document
using given Scrollbar. The middle column gives various options to be set before
you send your document to the printer.
Step 2 − You can set various other printing options available. Select from among the
following options,
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depending on your preferences.
Step 3 − Once you are done with your setting, click on the Print button which will send
your document

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to the printer for final printing.

LO 2

Directions: Match column A. with column B.

A. B.
1. area where you type your text. a. Save as
2. flashing vertical bar b. Print
3. keys to save the changes c. insertion point
4. saving documents in different name or folder. d. Document area
5. button to print document. e. Ctr+s

Operation Sheet LO 3 & 4

Input data into the computer and produce output using computer system

Suggested activity:

1. Using Microsoft office word input data (song lyrics or poem) into the computer.
2. Save the document/s
3. Using Microsoft formatting tools, format text and paragraph as to font color,
font size, align left align right, center etc.
4. Print the document/s

Scoring Rubrics:

Criteria Score
Excellen 96-
t 100
Very 86-95
Good
Good 76-85
Poor 65-75

Activity Sheet No.: 5

Activity Title: Use Basic Functions of WWW-browsers to Locate

Information
Learning Competency: LO 5 Use basic functions of a www browser to locate information
Learning Target: 5.1 Establish information requirements for internet search 5.2 Launch
browser
5.3 Load search engine
5.4 Enter appropriate search criteria/or URL of site

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5.5 Follow relevant links to locate required information

References: TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ig-h-8

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LO 5 Concept Notes

Use Basic Functions of WWW-browsers to

Locate Information

What is a Web Browser?

A web browser is a software application for
retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.

What is WWW?
WWW stands for World Wide Web. An information space where documents and other
web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by
hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.

Examples of Web
Browsers: Google Chrome
A freeware web browser developed by Google.
Mozilla Firefox
A free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and
its subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation.
Opera
A web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems developed by
Opera Software.
Safari
A web browser developed by Apple based on the WebKit engine.
Microsoft Edge
A web browser developed by Microsoft and included in Windows 10,
Windows 10 Mobile and Xbox One, replacing Internet Explorer as the default web
browser on all device classes.
What is a Uniform Resource Locator?
Colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies
its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.

LO 5
Directions: Identify the following:
1. a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information
resources on the World Wide Web
2. A freeware web browser developed by Google
3. Colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that
specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it
4. an information space where documents and other web resources are
identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the
Internet
5. a web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems
developed by Opera Software

Operation Sheet LO 5

A. Web searching

Using your computer:

• Open Google Chrome
• Type in the URL: www.google.com
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• In the search engine type in: examples of web browsers

B. Use link to view web pages

C. Bookmark WebPages

Activity Sheet No.: 6

Activity Title: Maintenance Procedures

Learning Competency: LO 6 Maintain computer equipment and systems
Learning Target: 6.1 Implement procedures for ensuring security of data, including
regular backups and virus checks in accordance with standard
operating procedures
6.2 Implement basic file maintenance procedures in line with the
standards operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 10,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ii-j-9
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LO 6 Concept Notes
Maintenance Procedures

Planning and preparing systematic maintenance procedure will save time, money and
frustration.
It is a good idea and opportunity to learn the proper care and maintenance of your computer.
PC maintenance is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC. Looking after your
PC properly ensures you of trouble-free use. Regular PC maintenance also keeps the
machine’s performance optimal.

Plan Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking.

1. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.

• Monitoring, evaluating and updating plan.

• Place your computer in a well ventilated area.
• Schedule use of computers for its longer life.
• Move computers only when it is turned off and unplugged.
• Treat your computer properly.
• Maintain your hard disk

2. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.

• Backup your files

• Install or secure passwords
• Delete temporary files
• Update antivirus and spy ware

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE:

(1) Hardware maintenance is the testing and cleaning of equipment.

(2) Information system maintenance is the routine updating of master files, such as
adding and deleting employees and customers and changing credit limits and
product prices.
(3) Software or program maintenance is the updating of application programs in order to
meet changing information requirements, such as adding new functions and changing
data formats. It also includes fixing bugs and adapting the software to new hardware
devices.
(4) Disk or file maintenance is the periodic reorganizing of disk files that have become
fragmented due to continuous updating.

Operation Sheet LO 6

1. Directions: Complete the computer maintenance plan below.

MONTHLY COMPUTER MAINTENANCE PLAN

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JUNE JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

T

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Anti virus software checkups

Disk space utilization
Defragmentation of hard
drives
Troubleshoot hardware and
software issues

Plan and Prepare Maintenance Procedure

2. Prepare/Design a daily maintenance plan for your

hardware, given the time allotment of 1 week.

MAINTENANCE TASK MON TUE WED THUR FRI

Recalibrate the battery

Clean computer case
Clean keyboard
Clean mouse
Clean screen
Clean up hard drives

3. Design a systematic daily plan for your software, given the time allotment of 1 week.

MAINTENANCE TASK MON TUE WED THUR FRIDA

Y
Create an emergency
diskette
Check for viruses
Back up files
Defragment hard drive
Scan hard drive for errors

LESSON IIIIII

PERFORMING MENSURATION
AND CALCULATION (PMC)
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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:
LO 1. Select components to be
measured; and LO 2. Carry out
mensuration and calculation.

Definition of Terms
Bit - a fundamental unit of information having two possible values, as either of the binary
digits 0 or 1. Byte - a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications
that most commonly consists of eight bits.
Booting – starting (a computer) by loading an operating system from a disk.
Electronic storage - a device for recording (storing) information (data).
Firewire - Apple Computer's version of a standard, IEEE 1394, High Performance Serial
Bus, for connecting devices to your personal computer.
Hot-swappable - the connection and disconnection of peripherals or other components
without interrupting system operation.
Interface - the point of interaction or communication between a computer and any other
entity, such as a printer or human operator.
Laser - a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process of optical
amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons.
Magnetic platter - a thin, high precision disk that is coated on both sides with a high
precision magnetic material and which is used in a hard disk drive (HDD) to store data.
Memory module - a narrow printed circuit board that holds memory chips.
Magnetic storage media - any storage medium in which different patterns of
magnetization are used to represent stored bits or bytes of information
Operating system - a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and
provide common services for application software.
Optical storage media - any storage in which data is written and read with a laser for
archival or backup purposes

Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: MEMORY and STORAGE DEVICES

Learning Competency: LO 1 Select measuring instruments

Learning Target: 1.1 Identify object/s or component to be measured

1.2 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
1.3 Select measuring tools in line with job requirements
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIa-b-10

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LO 1 Concept Notes
MEMORY and STORAGE DEVICES

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips
contain instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for
booting the
computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM.
Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and
programs that are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which
means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off.

STORAGE DRIVES:
Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses removable
3.5-inch floppy disks.

Hard Drive A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device
that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent
storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and
applications.

Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the
optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write
once), or rewritable (read and write multiple times).

External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage
device that connects to a USB port.

Types of Drive Interfaces

• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology Attachment
(ATA) is an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk
drives. An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.
• SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A
SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
• SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can
connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An SCSI
interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.

LO 1

Direction. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper.

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1. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. A. Registers

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2. Early drive controller interface that connects computers

and hard disk drives which an interface that uses a 40- pin
connector.
B. Flash drive
or Thumb
drive
3. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being
accessed by the CPU. C. Read-only
memory
4. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
D. IDE

5. A storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch disks. E. Floppy drive

6. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board. F. Random

access memory

7. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port. G. Optical drive

8. Chip s that are located on the motherboard. H. DDR

9. Memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data
needed particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit. I. Hard drive

10. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. J. Memory

module

Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Learning Competency: LO 1. Select measuring instruments
Learning Target: 1.1 Identify object/s or component to be measured
1.2 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11

Concept Notes
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

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Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary

format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of
data.

A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can be
used to represent the state of something that has two states. For example, a light switch
can be either On or Off; in binary representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0,
respectively. Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and
special characters with bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code for
Information Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of
bits. For example:

Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011

CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by 2.
Get the quotient and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the
quotient and remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the
remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.

Example:
25 Quotient Remainder
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
½ 0 1

25 =
11001
Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalent
s
16 8 0 0 1 results

16+8+1 = 25

LO 2
A. Convert the following digits into
binary:
6. 85
1. 11
7. 102
2. 36
8. 125
3. 47
9. 150
4. 64
5. 72 10. 210

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Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: CALCULATING DATA STORAGE
Learning Competency: LO 2 Carry out measurements and calculation
Learning Target: 2.2 Obtain accurate measurements for job
2.3 Perform calculation needed to complete task using
the four mathematical fundamental operations addition (+),
subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and division (÷)
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11

LO 2 Concept Notes
CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital
storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used to
represent data storage capacity. When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes
(B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB). One kilobyte is a
little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A megabyte represents more than
a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is
1,099,511,627,776. The exact number is gained by taking 2^n power. In general, when
something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater the number of bits
needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a digital camera will use around
360KB, and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or more. Kilobytes, megabytes,
gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size or storage capacity of a
device. Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include: random
access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3 players. CDs have a
data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a data storage capacity of
approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer
disc. BDs have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-
layer disc. Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number
of bytes being used. For example:

A file is 20 KB in

size 1 KB = 1,024

Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then
approximately a total of 51 files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2).

LO 2
Direction: Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solution.
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB .mov files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?

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LESSON IV

PREPARING AND
IINNTERPRETING
TECHNIICCAL DRAWING
(PITD)

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Identify different kinds of technical

drawing; and LO 2. Interpret technical drawing.
LO 3. Prepare / make changes to electrical/electronic
schematics and drawings
LO 4. Store technical drawings and
equipment/instruments

Definition of Terms

Drawing- act or the art of representing any object by means of lines and shades
Picture- visual representation or image painted, drawn, photographed, or otherwise
rendered on a flat surface
Process- a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result
Technical -pertaining to the useful or mechanical arts, or to science or business
Technician -a person skilled in mechanical or industrial techniques or in a particular
technical field Flowchart-a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the nature
and flow of the steps in a process
Tool kit -a small bag or box equipped with hand tools
Tree structure -an algorithm for placing and locating files in an organized database
Video display terminal - a computer terminal having a video display that uses a cathode-
ray tube

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Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: Flowchart
Learning Competency: LO 1 Identify different kinds of technical drawings
Learning Target: 1.1 Select correct technical drawing in accordance with the job
requirement
1.2 Segregate technical drawings in accordance with the types and
kinds of drawings
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIg-h-14

LO 1 Concept Notes
Flowchart
A flowchart is a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the nature and flow of
the steps in a process. Another name for this tool is "flow diagram."

What Are the Elements of a Flowchart?

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the series of

processes in a business system. A flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient business
system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing system. A flowchart consists of
elements, such as the terminator, process, sub process, decision, arrow lines, and
connectors.
1. Terminator A terminator is represented by a small rectangle with curved
corners. A terminator appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart. The end
terminator appears only once on a single flowchart.
2. Process A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a
business process. It must be described clearly and concisely. A process can be described
using a single verb or noun phrase; for example, "Order Office Supplies." The same level of
detail must be kept
in processes on a single flowchart.
3. Sub-process A sub-process is represented by a rectangle with double lines on
each side. A sub process is a major process that could be broken up into simpler processes
developed into another flowchart.
4. Decision A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a
decision of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box.
5. Connector A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is
labeled using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer than a flowchart on
several pages. A connector ensures that the processes are connected logically and
correctly on several pages.
6. Arrow Lines Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom,
keep a flowchart clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could indicate redundancy
in the business process.

When should teams use flowcharts?

At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is flowchart helps your
team and others involved in the process to understand how it currently works. The team
may find it helpful to compare this as-is flowchart with a diagram of the way the process is
supposed to work. Later, the team will develop a flowchart of the modified process again,
to record how it actually functions. At some point, your team may want to create an ideal
flowchart to show how you would ultimately like the process to be performed.

Benefits of Using Flowcharts

1. Promote understanding of a process.
People may have differing ideas about how a process works. A flowchart can help
you gain agreement about the sequence of steps. Flowcharts promote understanding in a
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way that written procedures cannot do. One good flowchart can replace pages of words.
2. Provide a tool for training employees.

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Because of the way they visually lay out the sequence of process steps, flowcharts
can be very helpful in training employees to perform the process according to
standardized procedures.
3. Identify problem areas and opportunities for process improvement.
Once you break down the process steps and diagram them, problem areas become
more visible. It is easy to spot opportunities for simplifying and refining your process by
analyzing decision points, redundant steps, and rework loops.
Basic Flowchart Symbols

The symbols that are commonly used in flowcharts (Viewgraph 3) have specific
meanings
and are connected by arrows indicating the flow from one step to another:

1. Oval. Ovals indicate both the starting point and the ending
point of the process steps.

2. Box. A box represents an individual step or activity in the process.

3. Diamond. A diamond shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no-go.

Each path emerging from the diamond must be labeled with one of the possible
answers.

A
4. Circle. A circle indicates that a particular step is connected to another page

or part of the Flowchart. A letter placed in the circle clarifies the continuation.

5. Triangle. A triangle shows where an in-process measurement occurs.

LO 1
A. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. It is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an
action in a business process. a. Decision
2. It is represented by a diamond. A process that can
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answer a decision of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box. b. Process
3. It is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is
labeled using letters. c. Arrow line
4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom to keep

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COMPUTER SYSTEM
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a flowchart clear. d. Connector

5. A process is represented by a rectangle with double
lines on each side. e. Sub-process
Activity Sheet No.: 2
Activity Title: How do you interpret flowcharts?
Learning Competency: LO 2 Interpret technical drawing
Learning Target: 2.1 Recognize components, assemblies, or objects as required
2.2 Identify dimensions of the key features of the objects
depicted in the drawing
2.3 Identify and interpret symbols used in the drawing
2.4 Check and validate drawing against job requirements or
equipment in accordance with standard operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIg-h-14

LO 2 Concept Notes
How do you interpret flowcharts?
A Flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways to improve
it only if you use it to analyze what is happening. Interpreting your Flowchart will help
you to :
• Determine who is involved in the process.
• Form theories about root causes.
• Identify ways to streamline the process.
• Determine how to implement changes to the process.
• Locate cost-added-only steps.
• Provide training on how the process works or should work.

Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis of your
flowchart.
Step 1 - Examine each process step for the following conditions that indicate a
need to improve the process:
Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be caused by redundant or
unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or other factors.
Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of inadequate training of
process workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or replaced, or insufficient technical
documentation. "Inform the drill leader and improvise" is one of the weak links.
Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be interpreted and performed
in a different way by each person involved, leading to process variation. "Improvise" is a
poorly defined step in the weak link cited above.
Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol. You may want to collect data on how
often there
is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked by a diamond shaped symbol. If
most decisions go one way rather than the other, you may be able to remove this decision
point.
Step 3 - Examine each rework loop. Processes with numerous checks generate
rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the rework loop and identify those
that need to be improved. Look for ways to shorten or eliminate the loop.
Step 4 - Examine each activity symbol. Does the step help build a key
quality characteristic into the end product? If not, consider eliminating it.
Types of flowchart
Besides the three levels of detail used to categorize Flowcharts, there are three
main types of flowcharts namely , linear, deployment, and opportunity. The level of
detail can be depicted as macro, mini, or micro for each of these types.
1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the sequence of
work steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify rework and redundant or
unnecessary steps within a process.
2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow

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and identifies the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines define customer-
supplier relationships. This type of chart shows where the people or groups fit into the
process sequence, and how they relate to one another throughout the process.
How do we construct a linear flowchart?

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COMPUTER SYSTEM
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1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators, technicians,
or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points.
• Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the process.
• Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any
doubt or confusion about the boundaries. This may also help establish the
scope of related processes.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure
about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with the
last step and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the Flowchart.

Operation Sheet LO 5

B.

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Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: Kinds of electronic diagram
Learning Competency: LO 3. Prepare/ make changes to electrical/ electronic
schematics and drawings
Learning Target: 3.1 Draw and identify correctly electrical/electronic schematic
3.2 Identify correct drawing; select and use equipment in
accordance with job requirements
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIj-15

LO 3 Concept Notes

Kinds of electronic diagram

Pictorial diagram. It shows the pictures of the

actual components and wiring connections
although it does not provide the exact size of
components. It shows exact shape in proportion to
the actual one.

Block Diagram. This form uses block

rectangles or triangles to represent
components, group of components or units
of equivalent. Block diagrams are
particularly used to represent internal
components of an integrated circuit.

Schematic diagram. It shows the components

used in their interconnection. Each
graphic symbol is also
accompanied with a reference designation to distinguish
it from other similar symbols.
It does not illustrate the
physical size, shape or chassis location of the
component parts and devices.

Wiring diagram. It shows wiring connection in a

simplified, easy to follow manner. It may show either
internal or external connections or both and is usually
drawn as simple as possible to trace out the
connection of a circuit. The components of the circuit
are identified by name or are represented by means
of pictorial illustrations that do not follow any well-
defined standard form.

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Guidelines in Drawing Diagrams

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Recommended practices to be used in the application of symbols to a circuit

diagram are listed below. These practices are adapted from the United States of America
Standard Institute publication, Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronic diagrams.

1. The position of a symbol on a diagram does not affect its meaning.

2. The weight of a line used in drawing does not affect its meaning. In some
cases a heavier line may be used to emphasize a particular symbol.
3. A given symbol may be drawn in any size that is suitable for use in any
particular symbol.
4. If necessary for contrast, some symbols may be drawn smaller or larger than
the other symbols on a diagram.
5. In general, a connecting line should be brought to a symbol either vertically or
horizontally, but a connecting line brought to a symbol at an angle has no
particular significance unless noted otherwise.
6. The arrowhead symbol may be open (→) or closed (→) unless otherwise.
7. The standard symbol for a terminal ( 0 ) may be added to any symbol but
when this is done, the terminal symbol should not be considered a part of the
symbol itself.

LO 3

Directions: Identify the following diagrams:

1. 2.

3. 4.

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Activity Sheet No.: 4

Activity Title: Proper Storage of Electronic Diagram
Learning Competency: LO 4. Store technical drawings and equipment/ instruments
Learning Target: 4.1 Identify tasks to be undertaken for care and maintenance of
drawings according to company procedures
4.2 Record technical drawings and prepare an inventory in
accordance with company procedures
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIj-16

Concept Notes LO 4

Proper Storage of Electronic Diagram

1. Download the schematic diagram to your laptop/personal computer for storage
purposes.
2. Transfer the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the cd disk for storage
purposes.
3. Copy the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the USB for storage purposes.
4. All the schematic diagram and service manual are placed inside the exclusive
cabinet of the shop.

LO 4

Directions: Answer the following questions below.

Give at least 3 criteria for electronic diagram record management.

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 LESSON V

TERMINATIING AND
CONNECTING ELECTRICAL
WIRING AND ELECTRONICS
CIRCUIT (TCEW)
((WWEEE
EKK66))

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module you should be able to:

LO1.Plan and prepare for termination/connection of

electrical wiring/electronic circuits.
LO2.Terminate/Connect electrical wiring/electronic
circuits. LO3.Test Termination/connection of electrical
wiring/electronic circuit.

Definition of Terms
Side Cutter Pliers - used for cutting or trimming of connecting wires or terminal leads in
the circuit board
Long nose Pliers – used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of electronics
component or connecting wire.
Soldering Pencil – used to join two or more metal conductors with the support of
soldering lead melted around it.
Multitester - instrument use to measure voltage, current and
resistance. Resistor- a device designed intentionally to have a definite
amount of resistance Capacitor – a devise that stores electrical
energy.
Terminate - was a shareware modem terminal and host program for MS-DOS and
compatible operating systems developed from the early to the late 1990s by the Dane Bo
Bendtsen.
Termination - the point where a line, channel or circuit ends.
OHS – Occupational Health and Safety

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Activity Sheet No.: 1
Activity Title: Basic Electronic Hand Tools and Equipment
Learning Competency: LO 1. Plan and prepare for termination/connection of electrical
wiring/ electronics circuits
Learning Target: 1.4 Prepare electrical wiring/electronics circuits correctly
for connecting/terminating in accordance with instruction
and work site procedures
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIef-21

LO 1 Concept Notes

Basic Electronic Hand Tools and Equipment

Electronic technicians in olden days could get along with a set of screw drivers, long
nose, side cutter and soldering pencil in troubleshooting. But nowadays, with the arrival of
the new circuit technology and microcircuit is being introduced in the industry,
troubleshooting the problem is very complex.
Without the knowledge and aid of the multitester and other sophisticated equipment
such as regulated power supply, signal generator and oscilloscope, troubleshooting is
impossible. Here are the following basic tools and equipments needed for the repair of
electronics devices and appliances:
A. Common Tools

Figure No.1 Figure Figure No.3 and Figure

Figure No.5 Figure No.6

1 Long Nose Pliers – is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire. See figure no. 1.
2. Side Cutter Pliers – is used for cutting or trimming of connecting wires or
terminal leads in the circuit board. See figure no. 2.
3. Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws. See figure
no. 3.
4. Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. See figure
no. 4.
5. Soldering Pencil – is used to join two or more metal conductors with the
support of soldering lead melted around it. See figure no. 5.
6. Desoldering Tool – is used to unsoldered unwanted parts or component in the
circuit with the support of soldering pencil.
See figure no. 6.
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 B. Basic Electronic Equipment
1. Multi-Volts Power Supply –is used to supply the desired direct current voltages in the
circuit.

2. Multitester – is used for measuring resistance, voltage and current.

3. Portable Electric Handrill – is used for boring hole/s in the plastics chassis or metal
chassis.

OPERATION SHEET 1.1

1. Given 10 kinds of hand tools Label and give the function of each. You will be
assessed using the following criteria.
Criteria Scor Descripto
e r
Identified 10 5 Excellent
tools
Identified 7-9 4 Very good
tools
Identified 4-5 3 Good
tools
Identified 2-3 1-2 Fair
tools
Identified 0-1 0 Poor
tools

LO 1
A. State whether the following is equipment or a handtool.

1. Desoldering Tool
2. Soldering Pencil
3. Multi-Volts Power Supply
4. Long Nose Pliers
5. Portable Electric Handrill

B. Write true if the statement is correct and false if otherwise:

1. A flat screwdriver is used in driving or fastening positive slotted screw.
2. Soldering Pencil is used to join two or more metal
conductors with the support of soldering lead melted around it.
3. Side Cutter Pliers is used for cutting or trimming of connecting wires or
terminal leads in the circuit board.
4. A multi-tester is used in boring holes in the plastics chassis.
5. A long nose pliers is used for holding, bending and sketching the
lead of electronics component or connecting wire.

Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: Prepare a Simple Circuit
Learning Competency: LO 2: Terminate/connect electrical wiring/ electronic circuits
Learning Target: 2.3 Use appropriate range of methods in
termination/connection in
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 accordance to specifications, manufacturer’s requirements, and
safety
2.4 Follow correct sequence of operation
2.6 Confirm termination/connection in accordance with job
specification
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIi-j-23

LO 2 Concept Notes
Prepare a Simple Circuit

• Personal Protective Equipment

- Goggles
- Gloves
- ESD
• Harnessing wires
- If it is necessary to replace the length of wire, use the same
diameter or larger wire (smaller gauge number).
- Duplicate the length of the original wire as closely as possible.
Follow the wire color coding whenever possible.
- Strip the wire insulation about 20mm from both ends.
- Inspect the wire after the insulation has been stripped, to check for
damage or discoloration.
- Clean the ends of the wires with a wire cleaner or rosin flux.
- Slip the proper diameter and length of heat-shrink tubing on to one
wire.
- Twist the wires together or mesh the wires together and crimp on
a splice clip.
- Solder the splice with rosin-core solder. Solder should flow into the
wires.
- Pull on the wires lightly to ensure the splice is properly
soldered and tightened.
- Apply dielectric grease over the repair area.
- Slide heat shrinks tubing over the splice and applies that heat to
tighten the tubing around the splice, or tightly wrap the splice
with the proper electrical tape.

• Splices and Joints

Fixt The fixture joint is used to connect a

u re Joint small- diameter wire, such as in a lighting
fixture, to a larger diameter wire used in a
branch circuit. Like the rattail joint, the
fixture joint will not stand much strain.

All the splices discussed up to this point

are known as <emphasis
Knot type="u">butted</emphasis> splices. Each
t ed Tap is made by joining the free ends of the
Joint conductors together. Sometimes however, it
is necessary to join a branch conductor to a
continuous wire called the main wire. Such a
junction is called a tap joint.

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 Ratt A splice that is used in a junction box
a il Joint for connecting branch circuits is the rattail joint

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 Joining small multiconductor cables
often presents a problem. Each conductor
Stag must be spliced and taped. If the splices are
g ering directly opposite each other, the overall size of
Splices the joint becomes large and bulky. A smoother
and less bulky joint can be made by
staggering the splices.

Ta It is used where you want to join a

p second to a conductor.
splice

The wrapping pattern is designed to

West cause the termination to tighten as the
ern Union conductors pull against each other. This type
or Lineman of splice is more suited to solid, rather than
splice stranded conductors, and is fairly difficult to
complete. The Western Union splice joins
small, solid conductors.

LO 2
A. Fill in the blanks with what is being asked by the following items:
1. (1-3) Examples of PPE used in connecting a circuit
2.
3.
4. (4-5)Important things to remember in harnessing wires
5.

B. Complete the table below by Identifying the following wire joints:

JOINTS PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION OFJOINTS

6.
________

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 7.

8.

9.

10.

LESSON VI

TESTING ELECTRONIICC
COMPONENTS (TEC)
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LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module you should be able to:

LO1.Determine criteria for testing electronics

components

Definition of Terms
Test. It is compose of sequence of operations intended to verify the
correct operation or malfunctioning of a piece of equipment or
system.
Volt-Ohm-Meter. It is known as a multitester. A test equipment used to check AC, DC
voltages, current in a circuit and resistance of any components out of the circuit.
Soldering iron-A device used for applying heat to melt solder for attaching two metal
parts.
Schematic Diagram. An illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit with
the components represented by their symbols.

Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: Tools in Testing Circuit
Learning Competency: LO 1: Determine criteria for testing electronics components
Learning Target: 1.1 Obtain and clarify work instructions based on job order or client
requirements
1.2 Consult responsible person for effective and proper work
coordination
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TEC-IVa-c-24

LO 1 Concept Notes
Tools in Testing Circuit

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 Tool Descriptions Drawing
s
A simple manual wire stripper is a pair of opposing
blades much like scissors or wire cutters. The
addition of a center notch makes it easier to cut the
insulation without cutting the wire. This type of wire
Wire stripper is used by rotating it around the insulation
Stripper while applying pressure in order to make a cut
around the insulation. Since the insulation is not
bonded to the wire, it then pulls easily off the end.
This is
e the most versatile type of wire stripper.
Cutter
Make smooth cuts in all kinds of
Sid wire.

Soldering
iron
A device used for applying heat to melt solder for
attaching two metal parts.

Multi tester can measure various electric values.

VOM/ Such as the measurement of the resistor value, the
Multitest measurement of the voltage, the measurement of
er the current, the confirmation of the polarity of the
light emitting diode etc. This tool is necessary for
electronic circuit making.

JOB SHEET LO 1

Checking / Testing Procedure in Testing a Simple Circuit

A. Damage Analysis
• Wire and Connector Damage
Inspect wires, terminals and connections for these conditions:
- Bent or broken terminals or connectors
- Exposed wires or terminals
- Cut or pinched insulation
- Swollen, discolored, melted, or scorched insulation
- Cracked connector housing, or other insulator
- Loose connection
- Missing seals or connector locks
- Moisture inside connectors
- Wire terminals not secured in the connectors

• Circuit Damage
- Blown fuse, burned, or tripped circuit breaker
- High resistance or no connectivity
- Faulty load
- Failed voltage drop test
- Improper continuity between circuits
- Failed diagnostic test procedure

• Inspection of Wire Repairs

- No exposed wire or damaged insulation
- Proper operation of the repaired circuit
- Proper application of shrinks tubing or electrical tape

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 - Splices at least 40mm away from other splices, harness, branches, or
connections.
- Proper ground connection
- Properly installed seals or connectors locks
- Proper application of petroleum jelly or dielectric grease.

CHECKLIST FOR JOB SHEET LO1

Checking/Testing Procedure in Testing a Simple Circuit

Identify each of the following by checking under the appropriate column.

The student was able to:

YE NO
S
Design a circuit based on the required
specification.
Use appropriate electrical symbols
Indicate the specifications of electronic
components.
Observe Personal Protective Equipment &
Occupational Health and Safety Policies in
connection with electronic
circuit based on the industry standards.
Use correct method in connection according to the
specification requirements and safety policies
Follow correct sequence of operation according to
job
specifications.
Check electronic components according to the
specifications and task/s.
Check wiring/ circuit in accordance with the circuit
design.
Test a circuit using the appropriate tools.

Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: Identification and Isolation of Faulty Electronic
Components
Learning Competency: LO 3: Test components
Learning Target: 3.1 Apply appropriate testing methods to electronic
components in accordance to technical specifications
3.2 Detect and record problems and faults by testing
3.3 Document remedial steps
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TECO-IVfh-26

LO 3 Concept Notes

Identification and Isolation of Faulty Electronic

Components

PROPER HANDLING OF TEST PROBE IN ISOLATING FAULTY AND GOOD

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

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Testing Resistor
Good Resistor
The meter reading should be closed to the rated value of the resistor depending
on the tolerance of the resistor.
Defective Resistor
• The tester pointer does not deflect at all. The resistor is OPEN.
• The resistance reading has a big difference to the resistor rated value. The
resistor has change value.

Testing Capacitor

Good Capacitor
• The tester pointer deflects and then move back to its initial position.

Open Capacitor
• The tester pointer does not deflect at all.

Shorted Capacitor
• The tester pointer rests on the 0 ohm scale, reverse and forward bias test.

Leaky Capacitor
• The tester pointer deflects toward the right position but does not return
to its initial position or remains stationary.

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Testing Diode

Open Diode
• The tester pointer does not deflect even the prove is reversed.

Shorted Diode
• The resistance reading deflects and measures the same in both directions.

Testing Transistor

Open Transistor
• The tester pointer does not deflect in the base to emitter or base to collector .

Shorted Transistor
• Two terminals of the transistor read the same resistance in both direction.

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Testing SCR
• Proper testing of a good SCR as shown in the figure below.
NOTE: Setting for the multitester is X1 Ohm.

Testing Triac
• Proper testing of TRIAC are shown in the figure below.
NOTE: Setting for the multitester is X1 Ohm.

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 JOB SHEET LO 3
Quality Inspection procedure

Directions: With the use of assorted electronic components (20 pcs for each kind), fill-out
the table below and isolate the faulty electronic components with the use of a
multitester.

NOTE: Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything in this module.

Electronic Standard Quantity Quality of the

Component Specification of the Received
s received Electronic
Electronic Component
compone
nts
Faulty Remarks good

Resistor

Capacit
or

Diode

Transist
or

SCR

TRIAC

CHECKLIST FOR JOB SHEET LO 3

Quality Inspection Procedure

Direction: Put a check in the designated box if you performed the following criteria.

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 CRITERIA YES NO
• Quality of the electronic components are
checked
according to the specifications.
• Quality standard electronic components are
isolated
from sub-standard electronic components.
• Electronic component which do not conform to
the quality standards are identified and are
reported to
the responsible personnel.
• Results of diagnosis and testing are documented.

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