Well Control # 10

Mud pumps
Calculations & Applications

Lecture No. 2
By Khaled Alsahly
‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 1

‫هذا البرنامج التدريبي‬
‫برعاية‬
‫مركز ال ُجب للدورات النفطية و الطاقات‬
‫المتجددة‬
‫شركة ال ُجب للخدمات النفطية‬
‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ ‫‪2‬‬

Mud pumps
Positive displacements pumps are generally used on drilling rigs to pump
high pressure and high volume of drilling fluids throughout a drilling
system. There are several reasons why the positive displacement mud
pumps are used on the rigs.
• The pumps can work with fluids with high solid content.
• There are wide ranges for pressure and flow rate.
• They are more reliable and able to pump at tough conditions.
• They are easy to operate and maintain.
Duplex and Triplex pumps are positive displacement pumps which are
commonly used in the oilfield.
Which one is the most practical mud pump on the rig nowadays?
Triplex pumps are more popular than duplex pumps because of being
lighter, smoother discharge and lower maintenance cost.

Calculations Related to mud pumps

Rig Pump Output
Rig pump output
normally in volume per stroke, of mud
pumps on the rig is one of important figures
that we really need to know because we will
use pump out put figures to calculate many
parameters such as bottom up strokes, wash
out depth, tracking drilling fluid, etc. In this
post, you will learn how to calculate pump
out put for triplex pump and duplex pump in
both Oilfield and Metric Unit.
Pump output in BPS
Triplex Pump Output
BPS = bbl / stk = 0.000243 × (liner diameter in inch)^ 2 × (stroke length
in inch) × pump efficiency
Duplex Pump Output
BPS = bbl / stk = 0.000162 × S × [2(D)^2 – d ^2] × pump efficiency
Where:
D = liner diameter in inch
S = stroke length in inch
d = rod diameter in inch
BPM , BPS , GPM
BPM = BPS × SPM
SPM from sensor
GPM = Flow rate = BPM × 42
Where
BPS = barrel per stroke bbl / stk
BPM = barrel per minute bbl / min
SPM = stroke per minute stk / min
GPM = gallon per minute gall / min
Example
Determine the pump output in bbl/stk at 100% and 97% efficiency

Liner size = 6 inch and Stroke length = 12 inch
Triplex pump output @ 100% efficiency

Triplex pump output @ 100% = 0.000243 × 6^2 × 12 × 1
Triplex pump output @ 100% = 0.104976 bbl / stk
Triplex pump output @ 97% efficiency

Adjust the triplex pump output for 97% efficiency:
Triplex pump output @ 97% = 0.104976 × 0.97 bbl / stk
Triplex pump output @ 97% = 0.101827 bbl / stk
Example
Example:
Determine the duplex pump output in bbl/stk at 100% and 85% efficiency
Liner diameter = 6 inch , Stroke length = 12 inch , road diameter = 2 in.
Duplex pump output @ 100 % efficiency

Duplex pump output @ 100% = 0.000162 × 12 × [2 (6)^ 2 -22 ]
Duplex pump output @ 100% = 0.13219 bbl / stk
Duplex pump output @ 85% efficiency

Adjust pump output for 85% efficiency:
Duplex pump output @ 85% = 0.132192 × 0.85 bbl / stk
Duplex pump output @ 85% = 0.11236 bbl / stk

Displacement of Triplex Fluid Pumps (bbl per Stroke - 100% Efficiency)

Displacement of Duplex Fluid Pumps (bbl per Stroke - 100% Efficiency)

Hydraulic Horse Power HHP
HHP= (P x Q) ÷1714
Where;
HHP = hydraulic horsepower
P = circulating pressure, psi
Q = circulating rate, gpm
Because each pump has power rating limit as 1600 hp,
this will limit capability of pump. It means that you cannot
pump at high rate and high pressure over what the pump
can do. Use of a small liner will increase discharge
pressure however the flow rate is reduces. Conversely, if a
bigger liner is used to deliver more flow rate, maximum
pump pressure will decrease.

Lag Time and total circulation time for Drilling Business
and How to Calculate Theoretical Lag Time

Bottom’s up
Bottom’s up ( Lag time ) is traveling time interval required for pumping

cuttings from each particular depth to surface. It can be expressed in terms of
time (minutes) and pump strokes.
The lag time always changes when a well becomes deeper and/or pumping
speed change. Two factors, affecting lag time calculation, are annulus volume
of drilling fluid in and drilling mud flow rate.
With certain annular volume, the lag time, normally expressed in minutes,
can be determined by dividing the annular volume (bbls) by the flow rate
(bbl/min).
If there are changes in mud flow rate, the lag time figure will be changed as
well. In order compensate for any changes, the lag time is transformed into
pump strokes too; therefore, a change in speed of pump will not affect the lag
time.
Theoretical bottom’s up and Bottom’s down
Bottom’s up in minute
BTM’S up = annular volume (bbl ) / BPM
Bottom’s up in strokes
BTM’S up = annular volume ( bbl ) / BPS
Bottom’s down in minute
BTM’S down = drill string volume (bbl) / BPM
Bottom’s down in strokes
BTM’S down = drill string volume (bbl) / BPS

Example in oilfield units
Example
Determine BTM’S from bottom to surface with the following
information;
Bit depth = 9500’ MD
Pump rate = 300 GPM
Annular volume at 9500’ MD = 250 bbl
Triplex pump output = 0.102 bbl/stroke
Solution
Pump rate = 300 GPM ÷ 42 = 7.14 bbl / minute
Lag time in minutes = 250 bbl ÷ 7.14 bbl / minute = 35 minutes
Lag time in strokes = 250 bbl ÷ 0.102 bbl/stroke = 2451 strokes

Total circulation time T.C.T
T.C.T is traveling time interval required for pumping mud from

Suction tank through drill string , bit , annular volume to
suction tank . It can be expressed in terms of time (minutes)
and pump strokes as following
T.C.T in minute = total volume ( active volume ) / BPM

T.C.T in strokes = total volume ( active volume ) / BPS
Where
Total volume = active volume = Pits + drill string + annular

Pump Pressure and Pump Stroke Relationship

1st formula for estimating new circulating pressure (simple and handy for field use)
New circulating pressure in psi =

present circulating pressure in psi x (new pump rate in spm ÷ old
pump rate in spm ) ^ 2
Example
Determine the new circulating pressure, psi using the following
data:
Present circulating pressure = 2500 psi
Old pump rate = 40 spm
New pump rate = 25 spm
New circulating pressure in psi = 2500 psi x (25 spm ÷ 40 spm) ^2
New circulating pressure = 976.6 psi

2nd formula for estimating new circulating pressure (more complex)
For the 1st formula, the factor “2” is used but it’s just the round up figure. If
you want more accurate figure, you need to figure out an exact figure. So the
2nd formula has one additional formula to calculate the factor based on 2
pressure readings at different pump rate. Please follow these steps to
determine new circulating pressure
1. Determine the factor ”n” and the formula to determine factor “n” is below:
Factor (n) = log (pressure 1 ÷ pressure 2) ÷ log (pump rate 1÷pump rate 2)
2. Determine new circulating pressure with this following formula.
New circulating pressure in psi = present circulating pressure in psi x (new

pump rate in spm ÷ old pump rate in spm) ^ n
Note: factor “n” comes from the first step of calculation.

Example
Example:
Determine the factor “n” from 2 pump pressure reading
Pressure 1 = 2700 psi at 320 gpm
Pressure 2 = 500 psi at 130 gpm
Factor (n) = log (2700 psi ÷ 500 psi) ÷ log (320 gpm ÷ 130 gpm)
Factor (n) = 1.872
Example:
Determine new circulating pressure by using these following information and the factor
“n” from above example:
Present circulating pressure = 2500 psi
Old pump rate = 40 spm
New pump rate = 25 spm
New circulating pressure, psi = 2500 psi x (25 spm ÷ 40 spm) ^ 1.872
New circulating pressure = 1037 psi

‫‪Quiz # 2‬‬

Quiz # 2
Calculate
1- Bottom’s up ( lag time )
2- calculate total circulation time
3- Is theoretical lag time is actual lag time ?
Why ?

‫مع حتيات‬
‫املهندس خادل الساحل‬
‫هاتف و واتس و تلغرام‬
‫‪00218913577926‬‬

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Mud pumps

Calculations & Applications

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 1

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 3

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 4

Determine the pump output in bbl/stk at 100% and 97% efficiency

Triplex pump output @ 100% efficiency

Triplex pump output @ 97% efficiency

Duplex pump output @ 100 % efficiency

Duplex pump output @ 85% efficiency

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 9

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 10

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 11

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 12

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 13

Bottom’s up ( Lag time ) is traveling time interval required for pumping

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 15

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 16

T.C.T is traveling time interval required for pumping mud from

T.C.T in minute = total volume ( active volume ) / BPM

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 17

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 18

New circulating pressure in psi =

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 19

2. Determine new circulating pressure with this following formula.

New circulating pressure in psi = present circulating pressure in psi x (new

Note: factor “n” comes from the first step of calculation.

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 20

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 21

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ ‫‪22‬‬

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ 23

‫أعداد و تصميم المهندس خالد الساحلي‬ ‫‪24‬‬

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