. . .

PEM
1
!

3
%& ' (# $ ) * + 2
" # $
4
+ # $ )

, -
6 $ 7) 5 3*42 $) ! %0 ! 0 $) 1 2 ./ )
8- 9 ?< *( = > : 0 < - < ;- ) :%(60-40) 8 2 9
Proton Exchange (PEM) A 6 6 6B @ 8-
6$- > @ AE > ' ' . C A&B ') ; * :Membrane
+ 6 6 ') 6 ) ; * :MATLAB H G ' $ F* -
.

!" " !" +! ) *& !" #$ % & '(

.
. ,& " " " " ,& " -
. ,& " " " " ,& " -
. " 1 ! / 0 – " & ,& " " ,& " -
213
 ! PEM

' >! 1 E + 7D 9 " : C -1

= ! 3 & #$ ' >! ' ) 13 >" 6 25 4! 0 & 3& " ! 2
9 > 3 M C B .( ! ' & ! 0 8 - 2 & 71 &" / -
7D EK !:& &- & & &3 & " ! :; ' 62 9
6 25 S R % !3 - ; (O # ; A 2 ?+@2 .< = & #> #
/ ! $ ' >! ! & 9 R! &- -6 2 , " - ! 6'
U&9 3 3 = < ! ' 780 oC 1 ! ! + ! #, & " ! ! 7 ,& "
!:& D- C 9! ./ : 9 1 -& ! .(Fuel cells Stack) #$ C ! 7) B
G >! D& D + & 6 -! :; < & #$ ! ! #- ! ! 6' ! 6 ' :; +
$ K" 5%( 600123 40) $ 9 . ! /0 & ;! " . & - !
?+@2 :; !: K & E $ ' -! 0 ' ! ! 6 ' 9 (Inverter) ! !
mw
.(350 600 2 )6 2 9! ( (1 F 1 ( +=! & - E &D !
cm < &/ . ,& " / G
: - -1-2
6 2G + / ! E!& 9 /"
: !X 3 ; "!!
/' /&" #! Ballard "
; D D-E : (Anode) >9 -
+ #$ ./ " 250 6 2 1 ' -! & , & "
E $7 1'R " ( "
G ( K"( 3 # $ -=B KL! H I J H I % &
! /, 1 / !" 0
/ ! & &! 3 M :; # 75 ' :;
R Z( " 7 ; ,& " 1 , +=! #$ ! [2][1]
: Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
M / ! ! !> S [ 6' !
(PEM) A B A* - -2
.catalyst > U- 6 ' :Proton Exchange Membrane
; D D-E : ( Cathode ) $ - N$ / ! & &! 3 M / + ; /' !;
6 ' " C ! [ 6' ! 7 6 ' O !" " #$ : 1960
/ !" 0 E RZ ( " 7(catalyst) > U- P !6 L. Niedrach & T. Grubb
; ,& " 1 , #> ; !0 & & & 5 =9( :; G ( B$(
/ " /, !! % 7 > :; G + 7 ! - 62
.3 " ! #$ ;! RQ ( " #$ 5 ! K"
E! 1 + :(Electrolyte) 0 $) - - < >; R =9 6 2 5 S 1 ! /0
E 5& 2 / 0 -E$ 3 MG + #$ ;! .R $ 1
7 !& ;\ D- 6 2 D- ! T ! #! ) Nafion > 6 ! & 1
. :; / !" 0 C ! /+ 1 # ( ; #$ #, " " -
214
 . . .

>T # : (Catalysts) A &7 6 -

!:& K 1 $ ! ! 7 9;
+ ;! ]2 Nickel " Platinum
C " ' >! S #$ / >
.
:(Bipolar Plates) 6 C 0 M F L
.PEM - > ? (1) ) C ! D- / !" 0 C ! 6'
: N > -3 - ( 9 C9 7 '
E :(Current Density) : )L #$ - 6 ' " 71 " " ! /+ D + &
U- C& ! ! #$ ! ! [3][4]
. ;
. ; > : - -2-2
+ :(Polarization Curve) H C E 8 L \^ & #>!" :; ' ( & UB !
$ K"& ' -! 0 $ K" ! ! [ " :' & ! ! 7/ ! & &! 3 M / + ; #$
. ; ! (membrane) 9$ 3 M 6' ' 1 "$
# :(Power Density) 66 E 66 ) L C9 + (catalyst) > Electrolyte (
C& ! ! #$ 1 ! ' -! 0 " + (platinum) !:& 1 '
. ; > U- C B 75 E E&-& _ E ( & "
:(Fuel PEM - AE > - 4 ! & &! 3 M !:& & # - D
Cell Thermodynamic Analysis) ; 6 2 (H2) ; 8 . !:&
/0 6' 9 # + )
(proton) ! & 6 2 R 9$ 6 ' !:&
! !" ! ; ' &! #! B
& 9> 3 = U (electron) !" 2
' % ! #! / ' B ! !> 1
0 # ! / !" F & U 0 7/ ! &
; 1 ! ' -! 0 +" 7 = !
7 ! / : ; 02 & !
[5]
.
# $ 7(DC) ! #, & " ! 6' 9
: - 7 ! :1-4
(-& ) # K D-E '3 = &E
#E E ) S #$ !> 1 ! ! -&!
1 > & ! & C !" F !
D & - =!! ?+@2 7 1 &
(H2O) 3 "! " C 8 ;(
1 ; 62 ; -=B
/:' >! !! (1) " #$ " 1 !!
6 ' 3 &7 ' >! a! 3 = !
:#!X ` 6' $
. :; #$ !! #! , " " /:' >! Cell : 2 H 2 + O2 2H 2 O Anode : 2 H2 4 H + 4e+

Cathode : O 2 + 4 H + + 4e 2H 2 O

215
 ! PEM

- & + E 7 "0 9 9; / = (The Nernst equation)/ #!L !

"0 $ K" / > G & -&! ! ! & : &! G = G o + RT ln Q
D -E! 6- ! 7/ > U- 6' S - # $ (Eo) !> 1
#!X " & Table [1][2]
< ! & >! ; ! ! (T=25 Co PH 2 = PO2 = 1atm )
.[13][11][6 ] [7 ] 6- ! > !; - =B 1 / #$ (E)
Lact = 1 + T ×[ 2 + 3 × ln(C * o2 ) + 4 × ln(i )]
(4-3) [11][12] [6]
:#!X " " 6'
G S R ×T 1 (4-1)
(4-4) E= (T Tref ) + ×[ln(PH2) + ln(PO2)]
+T×7.8×105[ln(C*o2)] 0.000196
Lact= 0.944+T×(0.00354 ×ln(i)) 2F 2F 2F 2
6' "0 $ K" C*o2 ( & ( ) ! i % & Gibbs & 1 - =! @G ?+@2
[8]
: !X D ! / > (entropy) & !0 > @S .(J/mol)
(J/mol) &
Po 2
C * o2 = (4-5) (T) 7(8.314 joule/K.mole) = /& K ( R) ?+@2
498
5.08 × 106 EXP ( )
T 9 #$ = -=B ( PH) 7 > " 1
Ohmic (/ohm) E H C E -2-2-4 8 $ / & K ( F) 7(bar) -& #$ ( PO)
:Polarization +2 Faraday’s Constant (96.487 joule/k.mole)
62 5 S ! C 5 - # 0 D -E! 0 D ! 9 ! E& #$ E /B '
D -E! 0 =! " !& K & E! ; E A( [11] [10][6] : !X 6'
( E 3 D& & % + -; # 0 E =1.229 0.85×10 3(T 298) +4.31×10 5 ×T ×[ln(PH2) + ln(PO2)]
1 (4-2)
2
0 E 7/ !" 0 #$ / 0 &' : (Polarization H C E ! ( @ -:2-4
- ' / E + < >;!& 7D - e phenomenon)
#$ & D / !" 0 ;! 62 9 ! ! -& ; ! '
D!"! 7 " + 6 ' D =! " D- D& &) O + !> 1 ! ! %70 ( %60
[3]
.#!X " 6' 5 ( 6 ! #! (Polarization)D -E! 0 1 S
' & (Over Potential) (Over Voltage)
internal
L ohm = iR (4-6)
7 ; ; E Rinternal
; ! i ?+@2 "!! (Losses) / ' B & K C #$
D ! ( 7 ; 1 #$ 6- ! :# 9 K:K D -E! 0 ( / ' B +
[3]
: !X : Polarization (/act) >7 H C -1-2-4
R internal
= 0.01605- 3.5×10 × T + 8.0×10 × i -5 -5
(4-7)
:Activation
Concentration & ) H C -3-2-4
c > " & ! ! -& ; ! 3& '
:Polarization (/Con)
! ! 6E& & (J act >50 100 mv) E&
% 7 ' ! / $ K" ' D -E! 0 + %
& ' >! & : - D& & O + 75!& K
" & D- 6 2 ' >! / M 9 ' D& &
216
 . . .

6 AE > ' :5 D ; ! ! #$ - & D& + [) "

:Matlab G 0 PEM [9] [8]
: !X :
= 0.016V
6 ' 5 !' = ! #$ ;3 ( LCon = × ln(1
J
) & (4-8)
J max J max = 1.0 A / Cm 2
9 ! #! (4 10) , B
+ #$ I @ f!J'@ :; 1 #$ (Jmax)6- !
(4-8) (4-7) (4-4) /0 g"a & '
+ #$ / S C E$ ! (1 A) E 6'
5 KL ! ( L& + ! ! ?+@2 7(4-2)
.
7 ; / " , > " " / &
&"( Jmax ! $ K" J ;! ; /& K ?+@2
-=B = ! 1 /& K 6 ' !!
)9 & R! +;L! 7 ! $ K"
! K. ; ! ! ! $ K" ; / =
, U&9! 7C& ! ! 6' &(
Matlab a & , & #$ , + K!
:#!X " 6' ; ! !
-=B KL! ; #, & " 3 & Table[4] V= E- Lact -L ohm - LCon (4-9)
/ !; + 7 ' 1 / M RT
V = (1.23 0.9 ×10 3 (T 298) + ln(P2 H 2 × PO2 )) [+0.9514 T × (0.00312+ T × 7.4
" (PEM) & :; ' ×10 5 [ln(C * o2 )]
4F
0.000187× ln(i)) (i × (0.01605- 3.5×10-5 × T + 8.0×10-5 × i))

6' / (% Ballard (Mark V) 0 &

J
( × ln(1 ))] (4 -10)
J max

8 7 (single fuel cell) 1 ; - :3-4

6 ' 9 ! / ! & =! /0 ; ' -! 6' 9 !

/ ! & # #! ! a, ! # $ C & ! ! #$ ! $ K" (I) ?+@2 !X
! 7 :; / #$ & 7 ; ! ! (V) 7D-E U- (A). ; D-
; 3 L& " ! B$( A ( 6 ' 9 . ; 1 #$ E + 6- !
! K ! . / M -=B& " ! :; (P= V×I×A) (4-11)
S 4+ 6 ' / =! / (R 2 9 ! : - :4L4
Matlab/Simulink a & #$ + :; &! 1 ! /0 C #$ 6- !
[12]
. E : / E> #$ 9>! & O + UB - & #, & " # ! %
.Appendix 1 [Table.1&2] (i) : #$ .% & #$ ;! K"
6 E ) - 8 :1-5 ! ! (V) !> 1 ! ! (E.) ; !
Voltage/Power relationship ) 6 )M
[15]
.R ' ; '
:(Curve
; ' a! ! ! " :' (2) " & i ×V V
Eff . = = % (4-12)
i× E E
#$ O+ ! $ K"& ' -! 0 $ K"
1 " ; 1 #$ 1 - -
217
 ! PEM

D& & O + 7c > " & -& = ! 3& ' / R& (1bar & 343 K) -=B
- & + E O+ & (Lact) >! / ' B ?+@2 7 :; / #$ 1
.#>!; " 6! <>; ! K ! $ K" & ' -! 0 $ K" !
; E ' a! ! ! #$ # K - & 7 ; ! ! #$ 1 KT / & -E! 0 ! D& &
&' ( E 3 D& & 7 ; (LOhm) -E # 6 & -E 6 '( "! 0 1 '
D -e 0 E / !" 0 #$ / 0 6 S ' -! 0 ' " 0 ( ;
. ! ! C 5 -; ! 75B>; " ; ( D& & O +
/ $ K" ' % (LCon) ! ! #$ % K - & -E + #$ 1 C>! ! 3 !
' >! / M 9 ' D& & O + 7 ' ! + . > ' 9E ; 1 D9
/' B " ]& " 7[) " " & D - 6( 4!! ; 3 #E E 6
# 7 B>; ! $ K" ' # 0 - & >! " # ! 6S ' -! 0 ! ! !
.5 B K" & = ' ; & B 2 !
1.6

1.4 #$ B ! #! $1 -=B KL!

1.2
E 6 ' G B T . 9>! & E : / E>
Voltage(V)

0.8
E-Lact
! ! 9E ' -! 0 $ K" ]& 6
. ; ! ! $ K" & ;
0.6 E-Lact.-Lohm
E-Lact.-Lohm.-Lcon.
0.4

0.2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2 600
current Density(mA/Cm2)

. - O- P A C E (3) ) 1.5
Power Density(mW/Cm 2)

H C E 8- !
(mW/Cm2)
:3-5
Voltage(V)

1 300

: E ) 0.5
Cell Voltage(V)

O+ ; D -E! 0 6 ( 4) " ]& 0 0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

: = ! !
Current Density(mA/Cm2)

)M E ) ) (2) )
# $ 1- - B 6 .
# $1 - -=B 1 " ; 1 polarization ) - - H C E 8 :2-5
K .(1 bar & 343 K) 1 :(Curve
1 ! - - & ]& (0.5bar & 25 C) ' o
(E) ; !> 1 ! ! ( 3) " ]&
:; #$ -=B 1 1 '. ; 7 = ! ' ; #$ ! ! - &
' -! 0 C 5 - D !! & ' a! - & + 5E& R 2 ( "
( "! ( D $ 1 A ( .1 ! (LOhm # 0 ) (Lact >! ) K:K / & -E! 0
3 = &!& D& !! 0 6! 3 = ; ! ! ( " ]& " 7(LCon " ! )

218
 . . .

:; S 1 #$ 6- + -=B " '/ 0 !& + 9>

.(1 bar) -=B " ;! S #$ 1 1 2 (8 + 75 -
' ! &K! 6 2 6 1 &" ( /+ :;
1.8

1.6

S ( &! - ' > !; ') S

1.4 1.25 bar
1.00 bar
1.2 0.80 bar
0.60 bar
Voltage(V)

&! , (3 6' 7 ; & &!

0.40 bar
1

0.8

0.6 - ' ; ' -! & " ! " 78 ;(

< >; ' R ( ( 4) " ]& . " hB
0.4

0.2
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

7/ $ 0.1 6 2 ! ! <>; ) " -=B 1

Current Density(mA/Cm2)

. - A&B (5) )
E>FG HIJ;<= HIK LMIN=> BCD ?@A8 9:;<=>:5L5 10% E& < >; D& +
:FOPO=> QIRS . # 0
6 ' hB ' 5E& UB " 2 600

> - & ( ! ' 7(Anode) 9 1.5

2
Power Density(mW/Cm ) (mW/Cm2)

:; & + ( ! & ) 62
Voltage(V)

1 300

7 ; ; (membrane) 9> 3 = 0.5 Cell Voltage(V)

9 ; 1 &' !" F 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
0

Current Density(mA/Cm2)

> & ! & C !" F ! ) E ) Q) (4) )

3 "! " C 78 ;( 1 . 7- N @

.1 ! ! (H2O) Impact ) - :4-5

1 =! L& :; S = ! ' 5& M :(of Pressure on Fuel Cell Voltage

= " ( ; 9& " ! ! ;3 ( ! -=B 1 ' R ( ( 5) " &
/ & K -=B ' (liter /minute) S #$ hB " (D 0 + " 7 &
7R ' " ! 9 !> &! -=B =! ( ' + 7 ; 1 #$ R $ ^ -=B B
1 &' ! #! / !" F ' A ( 62 5 S ! (1bar) 0 E ' -=B
" + !& -&! ! ; ' ; ! ! D E! O + & 75: 3
M hB ' O+ 7" ! R B + 0 E K"( -=B 1
( ' -! " /& K -=B& T 0 + 7 ( 5) " #$ - -; D E!
= " ! '7 ; 0 ' -! 0 %:K / & -E! 0 1 G >! 62
/ 0 &' ' D& i-& 6' i & F K"( & R! KL! "! ?+@2
[14]
. ; - & % 7 9> 3 = &"( + 74 ! F > " 1 < >; D&

219
 ! PEM

' #$ ;% 2 C D ! %50 :; S 3 ( B$( 6 ' 9 =& +

' S + ' . ( 7) " #$ " " (4 5) 1 E> #$ 9 a, ! 62 5 !
a, ! 6 ' 9 ! > !; / B %:K 7 ! :; / M -=B& " !
Appendix 2 [Table.3] : !X =! 6 ' ! 5 =! " ' +
<Utilization (%) [O2(Yellow); H2(Magenta)]>
& - ' -! 0 C D ! / = -=B
<Stack consumption (lpm) [Air(Yellow); Fuel(Magenta)]>

" ! ( 6) " ]& 7 :; S

<Stack Ef ficiency (%)>
Scope1

. / M -=B =! :; ; ' -! &

<Voltage>
<Current>

DC bus current
m DC bus current Scope2
600
Clock
i
DC bus current
+
In1 Out1 Pfuel
Pf uel + + FC + -

500
+v
lo a d 1
lo a d 2
C o n n 1 4 lo a d 3
lo a d 4
lo a d 5

- - FC - - DC bus v oltage y
Input Control
Subsystem To Workspace
100Vdc Boost

P o w e r D e n s ity (m W )
Fuel Cell Stack
C onn1

C onn2
C onn3

400
C on8

DC/DC Converter
(average value)
1.25 bar
f low rate Current 1 bar
Scope 300 0.8 bar
Continuous Flow rate regulator
0.6 bar
pow ergui
0.4 bar
A > > PEM @ 1* (7) ) R 200

. Simulik/Matlab 0 $- A F 100

A @ :1L6L5 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

: S )
Current Density(mA/Cm2)

! E 8- (6) )
Performance of Fuel Cells System on
. -
constant Fuel flow rate and pressure
-=B / &K! 6 ' ! + #$ Simulik/Matlab 0 ' :6-5

Fuel ) ; " (Pressure 1.5 bar) . -

" S 6 2 (12.2 Liter/min.) (flow rate R B ! E& 1 E> #$ R 2 9 ! ! &
<>; & #$ % 7 ( 8) " & Matlab/Simulink , & #$ 4+ ;!
! !& O+ & 75 4+ !; 7PEM G :; S
6 ' S ! ' B$( 6 2 9 C 3:!! / >9 + 1.26Kw ' -! &
: ; " 7(# 0 ) " .[Tabel.4] 7 B /0 & 5E&
6' + 7<>; 6 C& % & " 6! " ! 1 6 ' /: ! ?/j@;J k(
.5 ' " & ; 3 ( ( / Mh B " =! ! =! :;
( #! / = + -=B " +"
6 ' /: !/ ( 7 ! !& !
; 6' I l f % & :; S
# $ ?+@2 7 ! & + :;
:; 7 S # 0 " ,
62 S # 0 C$ ! =! / '
220
 . . .

Fuel flow rate(L/min) Fuel flow rate(Lpm)

40 14
L ite r

20 12

L ite r
0 10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time Time
Fuel supply Pressure(bar) Fuel supply Pressure(bar)
4 4
bar

2 2

bar
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time Time
Efficiency Efficiency%
50 50
100%

100%
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time Time
Load Current Load Current
20 20
A m p e r(A )

A m p e r(A )
10
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0
Time
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

A @ A (9) )
Time

@ A (8) )
.! S )
.A S )
6 6 6 @ :3L6L5
A @ :2L6L5
: S )
: $ ') S )
Performance of Fuel Cells System on
constant Fuel flow rate and variable Performance of Fuel Cells System on
pressure constant pressure and variable Fuel flow
rate
" / &K! 6 ' ! + #$
" 7(1.5 bar) -=B / &K! ! + #$
12.2 # 0 E ) S 6 2 ;
=!! (Liter/min.) S 62 ;
0.0 – 1.5 ) B -=B =! 7(Liter/min.
/ ! " ?+@2 !D
(10) " ]& "7 ! C 5 - (bar
S # 0 -=B ' 9 !$
7 ; B# ! " & !
& #$ ( 9) " &] " 7/& K " &
1 & (# -! S " ! 1 '
)9 6 ! !& O + & 75 "
=& !C & ! / M -=B
! ' " 7D - 8 ! #$ "
"$ 7 S B$( 6 ' 9
*$ 0 E 6! )9 !
' %50 U L! (10) " ]&
)9 U L! <>;
! ( B Z" !
. S c 3 ( 6' i S # 0
3 ( B$( #- + S # 0 ! 6!
' ( 4 5) 1 E> # $ "+ " O+ . S
1 ! ' -! 0 <>; ! -=B < >;
' -! C D ! :; S
! ( ! /0 ' & -
. # 0

221
 ! PEM

E - & % & + $( % &

Fuel flow rate(L/min)
[14] 14

12

li te r
+" 7 :; #$ ] \ #$ -=B KL! 10
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time
12 14 16 18 20

Fuel supply Pressure(bar)

/ " Table [2][1]

0& " :; m ;
2

bar
$ &% & ! #$ / (
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time
Efficiency
100

. :; O #$

100%
50

0
Appendix 1 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time
Load Current
12 14 16 18 20

20

A m p e r(A )
10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time

@ A (10) )
. S )
: -6
PEM > ! Table[1] & :; '(& < ' 9!; & !
.[12] E )
> 9 B /0 62 5 ! PEM
7/0 + a :; m ;
KL ! UB ! #! 6' 9 !
' -! 0 # $ ' >! / M -=B 1
+ + ! 7 "" ; 3 ( #$ A jK 71 !
6' 9 MATLAB , & ;! & /0
#! / + 7 " K >9 /
3 ( >! U B ( 1 9 #- ! % & #$ / "+
# $ '> #$:! 6 ' :;
[Table.2]from [13] 4+ I @ ?;f! J @ " 7 :; 4 ; ' -! mE2
,& # $ :; S
7 C 3:! # ! Matlab/Simulink
S + " ! 1 6 ' / =! ?/I @ J k(
+ KL ! & #$ &" " & + / (
K ! S 3 ( #$ & F / =!
S 1 E + :; R 2 9 !
6! - B$( $ ! 6' 7 :;
B $( ' :; + C -! !
. :; S B& D& !

222
 . . .

Jmax=1000.1; %mileAmp/cm^2 Appendix 2

Lcon=B*log(1-(J/Jmax));
V=E+Lact+Lohm+Lcon;
V1=E+Lact+Lohm;
V2=E+Lact;
V3=E;
%Pfeul=(J.*V);
plot(J,V1)
plot(J,V2)
plot(J,V3)
plot(J,V)
%plot(J,Pfeul)
%plot(V,Pfeul)
%plot(T,Pfeul)
grid
Matlab 0 AE > F [Table.4]

MF
[1]-Connea , J.M. " hydrogen Fuel for Surface
Transportation"1996.
[2]- Services Athero,Fuel Cell Handbook "
EG&G Services ,2000.
[3] – Http://Fuel
Cells.Si.edu//alk/alkmain.htm.
G @ A 79 [Table.3]
[4]- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engines and Related
Technologies: Rev 0, December 2001. .Matlab/Simulink
[5] – Yang ,C. " Introduction to Fuel Cell %feul cell (V, I)
Science and Engineering "Lecture 5 - Fuel %feul cell (V, I)$
Cell Fundamentals. Hydrogen Economy , TTP T=343; %K
289 -2002. R=8.31447;
[6] - Bernardi , D.M. , Alche, J. '' A F=96484;
Mathematical Model of the solid-polymer P=1;
Electrolyte Fuel Cell'' , Electrochemical P1=P; %PH2
Society, Vol.139,N 0.1,Jan.1995. P2=P; %Po2
[7] – R.F. Mann, J.C.Amphlett, ''Development E=1.229-0.0085*(T-
and Application of a Generalized steady-state 298)+T*0.0000431*(log(P1)+0.5*log(P1));
Electrochemical Model for a PEM Fuel cell '' %En=Enernst for open cercut
J. power Sources /2000. D=exp(-498*T.^(-1));
[8] – J.M.Correa, F.A. Farret, '' An Analysis i=0.01:0.01:75;
of the Dynamic Performance of proton J=i*15;
Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells using an Lact=-
Electrochemical Model"/ IEEE Industial 0.9514+T*(0.00354+0.000078*((log(P2/(5.08
Electronics Society, 2001. *(10^6))))*D)-0.000196*log(i)); %Activtion
[9] – D. Xue, Z. Dong ''Optimal Fuel Cell losses
System Design Considering Functional Rint=0.01605-0.000035*T+0.00008*i;
Performance and Production Costs'' J. power Lohm=-i.*Rint; %ohmic losses
Sources/ 1998. B=0.016; %volt
223
 ! PEM
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. / / : 62 % & h !

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