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    Kinetic Theory of Gases

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    shan mack
    Okay, here are the steps: 1) Write the balanced equation: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2) Mole ratio: 1 mol CaCO3 produces 1 mol CO2 3) Moles of CaCO3 given: 10.0g / 100.084g/mol = 0.1 mol CaCO3 4) Moles of CO2 produced: 0.1 mol (from mole ratio) 5) Use ideal gas equation: PV = nRT, V = nRT/P = (0.1 mol)(8.31 J/Kmol)(273

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    Kinetic Theory of Gases

    Uploaded by

    shan mack
    39 views22 pages
    Okay, here are the steps: 1) Write the balanced equation: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2) Mole ratio: 1 mol CaCO3 produces 1 mol CO2 3) Moles of CaCO3 given: 10.0g / 100.084g/mol = 0.1 mol CaCO3 4) Moles of CO2 produced: 0.1 mol (from mole ratio) 5) Use ideal gas equation: PV = nRT, V = nRT/P = (0.1 mol)(8.31 J/Kmol)(273

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    Okay, here are the steps: 1) Write the balanced equation: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2) Mole ratio: 1 mol CaCO3 produces 1 mol CO2 3) Moles of CaCO3 given: 10.0g / 100.084g/mol = 0.1 mol CaCO3 4) Moles of CO2 produced: 0.1 mol (from mole ratio) 5) Use ideal gas equation: PV = nRT, V = nRT/P = (0.1 mol)(8.31 J/Kmol)(273

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views22 pages

    Kinetic Theory of Gases

    Uploaded by

    shan mack
    Okay, here are the steps: 1) Write the balanced equation: CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) 2) Mole ratio: 1 mol CaCO3 produces 1 mol CO2 3) Moles of CaCO3 given: 10.0g / 100.084g/mol = 0.1 mol CaCO3 4) Moles of CO2 produced: 0.1 mol (from mole ratio) 5) Use ideal gas equation: PV = nRT, V = nRT/P = (0.1 mol)(8.31 J/Kmol)(273

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Kinetic Theory of Gases

    Chemistry
    Ms. Davidson
    Objectives
    At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
    • State the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory with reference to an
    ideal gas
    • Explain the differences between real gas and ideal gas.
    What is the kinetic theory all about?
    What is an ideal gas?
    How would you describe the
    ?? particles present in a gas?
    • The force of attraction between the particles is
    VERY WEAK.
    • The particles move constantly with random
    motion and large spaces between them.
    • They possess large amounts of kinetic energy.
    • Gases either expand when heated or their
    pressure increases.
    Can you recall some gases?
    The kinetic theory and ideal gases

    Homework: State Boyle’s Law and


    Charles’ Law. Include graphical
    representations.
    The kinetic theory and ideal gases
    And then two absolutely key assumptions, because these are the two
    most important ways in which real gases differ from ideal gases:
    • There are no (or entirely negligible) intermolecular forces between
    the gas molecules.
    • The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is entirely
    negligible relative to the volume of the container.
    Real gases
    Real gases cont..
    Graphical representation of Real gases
    deviating from the ideal gas
    Differences between ideal gases and real
    gases

    Ideal Gas Real Gas


    Has no definite volume Has definite volume
    Has no mass Has mass
    Collisions are elastic (no loss of kinetic energy) Collisions are non-elastic
    No attractive or repulsive forces between particles Attractive forces between particles pull them closer to
    each other. Repulsive forces causes deviations
    Questions
    1. Define an ideal gas.
    2. State (2) differences between an ideal gas and a real gas.
    3. How are the particles arranged in gases?
    The ideal gas equation
    • The ideal gas equation lets you find the number of moles in a certain
    volume at any temperature and pressure.
    • You could just find any of the values in the equation.

    You must know the ideal gas equation because it will


    not be given to you.
    Example 1
    • How many moles are there in 0.0600m3 of hydrogen gas at 283K and
    50 000Pa?

    • Rearrange the equation to find the number of moles (divide both


    sides by RT)
    Example 2
    At what pressure would 0.400 moles of argon gas occupy at 0.0100m3
    and 298K?

    Rearrange the equation to find the pressure (divide both sides by V)


    Calculations not so straight forward…..
    • If you are given values in different units, you NEED to CONVERT
    them!
    If you are given:

    • Pressure in kPa, Convert from kPa to P, multiply by 1000


    • Temperature in 0C, Convert from 0C to K by adding 273
    • Volume in cm3 or dm3, Convert cm3 to m3 by multiplying by x10-6
    Dm3 to m3: multiply by x10-3
    Try these on your own now
    1. 2 kPa to Pa
    2. 250C to K
    3. 280C to K
    4. 1200cm3 to m3
    5. 100kPa to Pa

    Total: 5marks
    You must know the ideal gas equation because it will
    not be given to you.

    Activity
    1. What volume does 2.00moles of argon gas occupy at 270C and
    100kPa?

    2. At a temperature of 60.00C and pressure of 250kPa, a gas occupied


    a volume of 1100cm3 and had a mass of 1.60g. Find its relative
    molecular mass.

    3. How many moles are there in 0.040m3 of oxygen gas at a


    temperature of 350K and a pressure of 70 000Pa?
    Calculating gas volumes
    • It is very important to know how much gas a reaction will produce, so
    that you can use a large enough apparatus.
    • Once you have found the number of moles, you can insert it in the
    ideal gas equation.
    Example
    What volume of hydrogen gas, in m3, is produced when 15.0g of sodium
    is reacted with excess water at a temperature of 250C and a pressure of
    100kPa? The gas constant is 8.31 JK-1mol-1. Na= 23
    1. Underline the important points
    2. Write the balanced equation
    3. Write the relevant mole ratio
    4. Calculate the number of moles of what was given
    5. Find the moles by Linking the moles from the mole ratio
    6. Use the ideal gas equation to figure out what you want to find out!
    What volume of hydrogen gas, in m3, is produced when 15.0g of sodium is
    reacted with excess water at a temperature of 250C and a pressure of
    100kPa? The gas constant is 8.31 JK-1mol-1. Na= 23
    Try this on your own
    • What volume of carbon dioxide, in dm3, is produced when 10.0g of
    calcium carbonate reacts with excess hydrochloric acid at a
    temperature of 250C and a pressure of 100kPa? The gas constant is
    8.31JK-1mol-1

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