Gas Laws

Gas Laws
Macroscopic properties of ideal gas laws

Objectives
1. Describe the kinetic molecular theory of gases.
2. State two assumptions of ideal gases.
3. Explain why gases deviate from ideal gas behavior under
high pressure and/or low temperatures
4. Define Avogadro’s law
5. Explain the relationship between ideal gas volume and
number of moles at the same temperature and pressure
6. Outline the relationships between pressure, volume and
temperature for an ideal gas using words and graphs.
7. Solve problems using the combined gas law.
8. Solve problems using the ideal gas equation.
Table of Contents
Introduction Avogadro’s Law Boyle’s Law

01 Kinetic molecular 02 Relationship 03 Relationship
theory. between volume between pressure
Ideal and real and moles and volume
gases
Charle’s Law Gay Lussac’s Law Combined Gas

04 Relationship 05 Relationship
06 Law
between between
temperature and temperature and
volume Ideal Gas
pressure
07 Equation
01
Introduction
1- Kinetic molecular theory
2- Ideal and real gases
Kinetic Molecular Theory
of Gases
Kinetic molecular theory of gases states that the particles of an ideal gas are in
constant, random motion. The theory makes the following assumptions:
1. Collisions between particles of an ideal gas are elastic; total kinetic energy
is conserved.
2. The volume occupied by the particles is negligible relative to the
volume of the container.
3. There are no intermolecular forces acting between particles of an ideal
gas.
4. The average kinetic energy of the particles of an ideal gas is directly
proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.
Gases that follow the kinetic theory of gases are called Ideal
Gases.
Ideal Gases vs. Real Gases
Ideal gas is hypothetical concept.
No gas exactly follows the ideal gas law although many gases come very
close at low pressures and/or high temperatures.
Thus ideal gas behavior can best be thought of as the behavior approached
by real gases under certain conditions.
At low temperatures
and high pressures,
real gases deviate
from the ideal gas
behavior. Explain
this.
Gases
Gases in a container exert a pressure as the gas
molecules are constantly colliding with the walls of
the container
Gas particles
exert a pressure
by constantly
colliding with
the walls of the
container
There are several laws we use to
quantify the behavior of gases.
The laws describe some combination
of changes on pressure (P), volume
(V), and moles. (n)
02
Avogadro’s Law
Relationship between volume and
moles
Avogadro’s Law
Use the given figure to state

Avogadro’s Law.
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/avogadro.html
Avogadro’s Law
Because the volume occupied by an ideal gas depends only on the number
of particles present (assuming that pressure and temperature are constant)
and not on the nature of the particles, the volume occupied by one mole of
any ideal gas under a certain set of conditions will always be the same.
The volume occupied by one mole of a gas under certain conditions is called
the molar volume.
Avogadro’s Law
As Pairs, you will be exploring the rest
of the gas Laws using the phet
simulation.
Read the instruction, apply on the

simulation and answer the questions.
You will share and discuss your

outcomes after finishing each part.
Finally, a poster that summarizes the

gas laws should be created. (Group
work)
03
Boyle’s Law
pressure
Boyle’s Law

Boyle’s Law.
Boyle’s Law
• Decreasing the volume (at constant temperature) of the container causes
the molecules to be squashed together which results in more frequent
collisions with the container wall.
• The pressure of the gas increases.
• The pressure therefore is inversely proportional to the volume (at constant
temperature)
This is known as
Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law
• Mathematically, we say P ∝ or PV = a constant
• We can show a graphical representation of Boyle's Law in
three different ways:
Boyle’s Law
Checkpoint
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gas that plays a central role in the

foundation of acid rain, is found in the exhaust of automobiles
and power plants.
Consider 1.53 dm3 sample of gaseous SO2 at a pressure of 5.6 x
103 Pa.
If the pressure is changed to 1.5 x 104 Pa at a constant
temperature, what will be the new volume of the gas?
04
Charle’s Law
temperature
Charle’s Law

Charle’s Law.
• Charle’s Law
When a gas is heated (at constant pressure) the particles gain more
kinetic energy and undergo more frequent collisions with the
container walls.
• To keep the pressure constant, the molecules must get further apart
and therefore the volume increases.
• The volume is therefore directly

proportional to the temperature
in Kelvin (at constant pressure)
This is known as
Charle’s Law
Boyle’s Law
• Mathematically, we say V ∝ T or = a constant
• A graph of volume against temperature in Kelvin gives a
straight line:
(K)
Charle’s Law
Checkpoint
A sample of gas at 15℃ and 1 atm has a volume of 2.58 L.

What volume will this gas occupy at 38℃ and 1 atm?
05
Gay Lussac’s Law
Relationship between pressure and
temperature
Gay Lussac’s Law

gay lussac’s Law.
Gay Lussac’s Law
• Increasing the temperature (at constant volume) of the gas causes the
molecules to gain more kinetic energy.
• This means that the particles will move faster and collide with the
container walls more frequently.
• The pressure of gas increases.
• The temperature therefore directly proportional to the pressure in

Kelvin (at constant volume)
This is known as Gay Lussac’s Law

Gay Lussac’s Law
• Mathematically, we say P ∝ T or = a constant
• A graph of pressure against temperature in Kelvin gives a
straight line:
Gay Lussac’s Law
Checkpoint
● A sample of nitrogen at a temperature of 353 K with

a pressure of 150. kPa is reduced to a pressure of
120. kPa, because of a temperature change. What
is the final temperature of the gas in kelvin?
06
Combined Gas Law
Combined Gas Law
Initial Final
Checkpoint
If the volume of an ideal gas collected at 0℃ and 100 kPa (STP)

is 50 cm3, what would be the volume at 60℃ and 108 kPa?
07
Ideal Gas Equation
Ideal Gas Equation
Gas Constant “R”
We will use it as 8.32 J/ mol K because it uses the SI units

Important Unit Conversions
Ideal Gas Equation can be
rearranged to calculate the following
Checkpoint
1. An ideal gas occupies 590 cm3 at 120 °C and 202 kPa.

What amount of gas (in moles) is present?
2. Calculate the molar mass of an ideal gas if 0.586 g of the gas

occupies a volume of 282 cm3 at a pressure of 1.02 x 105 Pa
and a temperature of -18°C .
Checkpoint
Copper nitrate decomposes when heated according to the

equation:
2Cu(NO3) 2(s) → 2CuO(s)+4NO2(g)+O2 (g)
If 1.80 g of copper nitrate is heated and the gases collected at a
temperature of 22 °C and 105 kPa:
What volume (in dm3) of oxygen is collected?

Gas Laws

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Gas Laws

Macroscopic properties of ideal gas laws

Introduction Avogadro’s Law Boyle’s Law

Charle’s Law Gay Lussac’s Law Combined Gas

Use the given figure to state

Read the instruction, apply on the

You will share and discuss your

Finally, a poster that summarizes the

Use the given figure to state

Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gas that plays a central role in the

Use the given figure to state

• The volume is therefore directly

A sample of gas at 15℃ and 1 atm has a volume of 2.58 L.

Use the given figure to state

• The pressure of gas increases.

• The temperature therefore directly proportional to the pressure in

This is known as Gay Lussac’s Law

● A sample of nitrogen at a temperature of 353 K with

If the volume of an ideal gas collected at 0℃ and 100 kPa (STP)

We will use it as 8.32 J/ mol K because it uses the SI units

1. An ideal gas occupies 590 cm3 at 120 °C and 202 kPa.

2. Calculate the molar mass of an ideal gas if 0.586 g of the gas

Copper nitrate decomposes when heated according to the

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