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    Ideal Gas Equation

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    Paul Ackermann
    1. The kinetic theory of gases describes an ideal gas as consisting of small particles that are far apart and do not interact. Real gases approach ideal behavior at high temperatures and low pressures. 2. The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount of gas, and temperature in the equation PV=nRT. It applies best to gases at high temperatures and low pressures where intermolecular forces are weak. 3. At very high pressures and very low temperatures, real gases behave differently from the ideal gas model due to stronger intermolecular forces between molecules.

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    Ideal Gas Equation

    Uploaded by

    Paul Ackermann
    36 views16 pages
    1. The kinetic theory of gases describes an ideal gas as consisting of small particles that are far apart and do not interact. Real gases approach ideal behavior at high temperatures and low pressures. 2. The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount of gas, and temperature in the equation PV=nRT. It applies best to gases at high temperatures and low pressures where intermolecular forces are weak. 3. At very high pressures and very low temperatures, real gases behave differently from the ideal gas model due to stronger intermolecular forces between molecules.

    Original Description:

    NSSCAS Chemistry - Ideal gas law presentation

    Original Title

    Ideal gas equation

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    1. The kinetic theory of gases describes an ideal gas as consisting of small particles that are far apart and do not interact. Real gases approach ideal behavior at high temperatures and low pressures. 2. The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount of gas, and temperature in the equation PV=nRT. It applies best to gases at high temperatures and low pressures where intermolecular forces are weak. 3. At very high pressures and very low temperatures, real gases behave differently from the ideal gas model due to stronger intermolecular forces between molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    36 views16 pages

    Ideal Gas Equation

    Uploaded by

    Paul Ackermann
    1. The kinetic theory of gases describes an ideal gas as consisting of small particles that are far apart and do not interact. Real gases approach ideal behavior at high temperatures and low pressures. 2. The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, amount of gas, and temperature in the equation PV=nRT. It applies best to gases at high temperatures and low pressures where intermolecular forces are weak. 3. At very high pressures and very low temperatures, real gases behave differently from the ideal gas model due to stronger intermolecular forces between molecules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    1.

    4 The ideal gas and real


    gases
    Topic objectives
    • state the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory as applied to an
    ideal gas
    • explain qualitatively in terms of intermolecular forces and molecular
    size:
    - the conditions necessary for a gas to approach ideal behaviour
    - the limitations of ideality at very high pressures and very low
    temperatures
    • recall and use the general gas equation pV = nRT in calculations,
    including the determination of Mr (NOTE: R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1)
    The kinetic theory as applied to an ideal gas
    • The kinetic theory of gases states that molecules in gases are constantly moving
    • The theory makes the following assumptions:
    • Gases consist of very small particles that are far apart relative to their size.
    • The gas molecules are moving very fast and randomly
    • The molecules hardly have any volume
    • The gas molecules do not attract or repel each other (no intermolecular forces)
    • No kinetic energy is lost when the gas molecules collide with each other (elastic collisions)
    • The temperature of the gas is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules
    • Gases that follow the kinetic theory of gases are called ideal gases
    • However, in reality gases do not fit this description exactly but may come very
    close and are called real gases
    Conditions necessary for a gas to approach
    ideal behaviour
    • High temperature
    • Low pressure
    Ideal gases
    • The volume that an ideal gas occupies depends on:
    • Its pressure
    • Its temperature
    • When a gas is heated (at constant pressure) the particles gain
    more kinetic energy and undergo more frequent collisions with the
    container wall
    • To keep the pressure constant, the molecules must get further apart
    and therefore the volume increases
    • The volume is therefore directly proportional to the temperature (at
    constant pressure)
    Limitations of the ideal gas law
    • At very high pressures and low temperatures real gases do not obey
    the kinetic theory as under these conditions:
    • Molecules are close to each other
    • There are instantaneous dipole- induced dipole or permanent dipole-
    permanent dipole forces between the molecules
    • These attractive forces pull the molecules away from the container wall
    • The volume of the molecules is not negligible
    Ideal gas equation
    • pV = nRT
    • p = pressure (pascals, Pa)
    • V = volume (m3)
    • n = number of moles of gas (mol)
    • R = gas constant (8.31 J K-1 mol-1)
    • T = temperature (kelvin, K)
    Alternative ideal gas equation
    Example 1
    Example 1
    • Step 1: Rearrange the ideal gas equation to find volume of gas
    Example 1
    • Step 2: Calculate the volume the oxygen gas occupies
    • p = 220 kPa = 220 000 Pa
    • n = 0.781 mol
    • R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
    • T = 21 oC = 294 K.

    • = 0.00867 m3
    • = 8.67 dm3
    Example 2
    Example 2
    • Step 1: Rearrange the ideal gas equation to find the number of moles
    of gas

    •Step 2: Calculate the number of moles of gas


    p = 300 kPa = 300 000 Pa
    V = 1000 cm3 = 0.001 m3
    R = 8.31 J K-1 mol-1
    T = 23 oC = 296 K
    Example 2

    •Step 3: Calculate the molar mass using


    the number of moles of gas

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