Chem Final Project

InFocus India Public
School
Topic- Sterilisation of water using

bleaching powder.
Name – Diya Sarkar

Class- 12
Roll no – 12
Subject – chemistry
Session – 2024-2025
Certificate
This is to certify that Diya Sarkar,
student of
Class 12 has successfully completed
her project of chemistry on the topic
sterilisation
Of water using bleaching powder
under the guidance of Mr
sabhyasanchi Bhattacharjee Sir
during the year 2024-2025.
________________
______________
Internal examiner External
examiner
Acknowledgement
I wish to express my deep gratitude
and sincere thanks to Mr
sabhyasanchi Bhattacharjee , who
guided me to the successful
completion of this project. I take
this opportunity to express my
deep sense of gratitude for his
valuable guidance, constant
encouragement, immense
motivation, which has sustained
my efforts at all the stages of this
project work .
Atlast I want to thank my parents
for providing all the suppliments
and supporting me to complete this
project.
Introduction
Need of water
Water is an important and essential ingredient in our
quest for survival on this planet. It is very essential for
carrying out various metabolic processes in our body and
also to carry out haemoglobin throughout the body.
In order to fulfil a huge demand of water , it needs to be
purified and supplied in a orderly and systematic way.
But with the increasing world population, the demand for
drinking water has also increased dramatically and
therefore it is very essential to identify resources of water
from which we can use water for drinking purpose. Many
available resources of water do not have it drinkable
form. Either the water contains excess of calcium or
magnesium salts or any other organic impurities or it
simply contains foreign particles which make it unfit and
unsafe for drinking.
Purification of water
There are many methods for purification of
water. Some of them are-
1) Boiling
2) Filtration
3) Bleaching powder treatment
4) SODIS
Boiling is perhaps the most commonly used
water purification technique in use today.
While in normal household it is an efficient
technique, it cannot be used for industrial and
large scale purpose. It is because in normal
household, the water to be purified is very
less in quantity and hence the water loss due
to evaporation is almost negligible.
Filtration is also used for removing foreign
particles from water one major drawback of
this purification process is that it cannot be
used for removing foreign chemicals and
impurities that are miserable with water.
SODIS or solar Disinfectant is
recommended by the
United Nations for disinfection of water using
soft drink bottles, sunlight and a black surface
– at least in hot nation with regularly intense
sunlight.
Water-filled transparent bottles placed in a
horizontal position stop a surface in strong
sunlight for around five hours will kill
microbes in the water .The process made
even more safe and effective if the bottom
half of the bottle surface its lying on its
blackened, the surface is made of metal . Its
the combination of heat and ultraviolet light
which kills the organism.
Need of stable purification
technique
Therefore we need purification technique
which can be used anytime and anywhere,
does not require of any third party content
and which is also economically feasible on
both normal scale and large scale .
Hence we look at the method of purification of
water using the technique of treatment by
bleaching powder commonly known as
chlorination.
Theory
Preparation of Bleaching
powder –
It is prepared by either calcium or sodium
process.
Calcium process – calcium hypochlorite , also
known as chloride of lime , is made reacting
chlorine with calcium hydroxide:-
Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)² ————> Ca(ClO)² + CaCl²
+ 2H²O
Sodium process: Calcium hypochlorite is
made by reacting chlorine with sodium
hydroxide
2Ca(OH)² + 3Cl² + 2 NaOH ———> Ca(OCl)² +
CaCl² +
2H²O + 2NaCl
Bleaching powder is actually a mixture of
calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)² and the basic
chloride CaCl² , Ca(OH)², 2H²O with slaked
lime , Ca(OH)².
EXPERIMENT
Aim- To determine the dosage of Bleaching
powder required for sterilization or
disinfection of different samples of water.
Requirements – Burette , titration flask ,

100ml of graduated cylinder, 250ml
measuring flask, weight box , gazed tile ,
glass wool.
Chemical required – Bleaching powder ,

glass wool , 0.1 N Na²S²O³ solution, 10% KI
solution, different samples of water , starch
solution.
Pre-requisite
knowledge:
1.A known mass of the given sample of
bleaching powder is dissolved in water to
prepare a solution of concentration. This
solution contains dissolved chlorine, liberated
by the action of bleaching powder with water.
CaOCl2 + H2O ————> Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
2.The amount of chlorine present in the above
solution is determined by treating an known
volume of the above solution with excess of
10% potassium iodide solution, when
equivalent amount of iodine is liberated . The
Iodine, thus liberated is then estimated by
titrating it against a standard solution of
Sodium Triphosphate of solution.
Cl2 + 2 KI ————-> 2KCl + I2
I2 + 2Na2S2O3 —————> Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
3.A known volume one of the given samples
of water is titrated with a known volume of
bleaching powder solution. The amount of the
residual chlorine ks determined by adding
excess potassium Iodide solution and then
titrating against standard sodium
Triphosphate solution.
4.From the reading in 2 and 3 , the amount of
chlorine and hence bleaching powder required
for the disinfection of a given volume of the
given sample of water can be calculated.
Procedure
1.Preparation of N/10 Na2SO4 solution –
Take0.79 gm of sodium thio-sulphate hydrated
and dilute it in about 100ml of water.
Equivalent mass of sodium thio-sulphate
solution = Molecular m
= (158g/ mol) /2 = 79 g/mol
Normality= (number of gram equivalent of
NaSO4)/Vol.of solution (l)
2.preparation of 10% KI solution –
Take a 10g of KL powder and the dilute the
mixture with a water to make the volume
100ml and take it in the measuring flask.
3.Preparation of 1% bleaching powder
solution –
Weight 2.5 gm pf bleaching powder and mix it
in about 200ml of distilled water in a conical
flask. Stopper the flask and shake and shake
it vigorously. The suspension thus obtained is
filtered through glass wool in measuring flask
of 500ml and dilute the filtrate with water to
make it volume 250ml . The solution of
obtained is 1% bleaching powder of solution.
4.Preparation of Starch solution –
Take about 1gm of starch and 10 ml of
distilled water in a test table. Mix it vigorously
to obtain a paste. Pour in about 100ml of hot
water contained in a beaker with a constant
stirring. Boil the contents for 4-5 min and
then allow to cool .
Titration
5.Titratiion- (WATER SAMPLE: Distilled water):

Take 100ml of distilled water and then 20ml of
bleaching powder of solution in a stopper
conical flask and add to it 20ml of 10% KI
solution. Shake the mixture, titration this
solution against N/10 Na2S2O3 . Sodium thio-
sulphate solution taken in burette . When
solution in the conical flask becomes light
yellow in column add about 2ml of starch
solution as indicator. The solution now
become blue in colour. The end point is
disappearance of blue colour, so continue
titrating till the blue colour disappear. Repeat
the titration to get a set of two concordant
readings.
6 Titration-(WATER SAMPLE – Bisleri water,
rain water, Borewell water)
Take 100 ml of water sample in a conical flask,
add 20 ml of bleaching powder of solution in a
stopper conical flask and add 20ml of KI
solution and stopper the flask. Shake it and
titrates against N/10 Na2S2O3 , until the
solution becomes yellow. The add 2 ml of
starch solution and then again titrate till it
becomes blue colour disappear. Repeat
Titration to get set of two concordant
readings.
7.Repeat the step 6 either with sample of
water and record the observation
Observation
Burette solution – Sodium Thiophosphate
Titrated against – 20 ml (bleaching powder
solution)
Indicator – Starch
End point – Blue colour disappear.
Titration: 1
• Volume of distilled water taken 100ml •
Volume of bleaching powder taken 20ml
• Volume of KI solution added 20 ml.
Titration -2
• Volume of water sample 1 taken 100ml

• Volume of bleaching powder sol. Added 20 ml
• Volume of KI solution added 20 ml
Titration -3
• Volume of water sample 2 taken 100 ml
• Volume of bleaching powder sol. Added 20ml
• Volume of KI solution added 20 ml
Titration -4
Volume of water sample 3 taken 100ml
• Volume of bleaching powder sol. Added 20ml
• Volume of KI solution added 20ml
Calculation
Sample I (Bisleri water)
• Amount of bleaching powder used to
disinfect
100ml of water = (6.5-5.8) = 0.7ml of 0.1
N
• 1 ml of bleaching powder solution contains
bleaching powder= 2.5/250= 0.01gm
• 20 ml of bleaching powder solution=
2.5ml of 0.1 N of Na2S2O3
• So, 1 ml of 0.1 N of Na2S2O3
solution=20/2.5 ml of bleaching powder
solution.
• Volume of bleaching powder solution
required to disinfect 100 ml of water
sample I = 0.7×20/6.5 ml • 0.7×20/6.5 ml
of bleaching powder solution
= (0.7× 20)/6.5 × 0.01 gm of bleaching
powder
• Amount of bleaching powder required to
disinfect
1 lit of water sample I
= 0.7×(20/6.5) × (0.01×1000)/(100g)
=1.4/6.5 = 0.215 gm
Sample II (RAIN WATER)

disinfect 100 ml of water= 6.5-3.0 =
3.5mlof 1 N of Na2S2O3 solution
• 1 ml of bleaching powder solution=
2.5/250=
0.01g
• 20 ml of bleaching powder solution= 2.5
ml of 0.1 Na2S2O3
• So, 1 ml of 0.1 N Na2S2O3 solution=
20/2.5 ml of bleaching powder solution
sample I=3.5× 20/6.5 ml
disinfect
1 litre of water sample I
4.0×20/6.5×(0.01×1000)/100g=7.0/6.5g
=1.077 gm
Sample III – (BOREWELL WATER)

disinfect 100 ml of water= 6.5-2.5= 4.0ml
• 1ml of bleaching powder solution contains
bleaching powder=2.5/250= 0.01 gm
• 20ml of bleaching powder solution=2.5ml
of 0.1 m of 0.1 N Na2S2O3
• So 1 ml of 0.1 N Na2S2O3 solution
20/2.5ml of bleaching powder solution
sample I
=4.0×20/6.5ml
• 4.0×20/6.5 ml of bleaching powder
solution
=(4.0×20)/(6.5) ×0.01gm of bleaching
powder
disinfect
1 litre of water sample I
=4.0×(20/6.5)×(0.01×1000)/
(100g)=8.0/6.5
=1.231 gm
Result
Amount of the given sample of bleaching
powder required to disinfect 1 litre of
water:
Sample I= 0.215gm
Sample II = 1.077gm
Sample III= 1.231 gm
Thus get the amount for disinfection and if
bleaching powder is taken less than this
amount of water will remain impure and if
taken in excess than this will also be
harmful as it is will contain chlorine.
The result shows the sample III is the most
harmful/ impure water as the amount of
bleaching powder required is maximum
and sample I is less impure than other as
the bleaching powder is minimum. The
tables also shows the difference. Titration
VI has maximum reading because of
impurities and titration 1 has maximum
reading because the sample was distilled
water.
Bibliography
1) www.icbse.co
m
2) https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
bleaching
3) https:/en.wikipedia.org/wik/
water treatment
4) www.edatrom.com/doclib/
mi4174.pdf

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InFocus India Public

Topic- Sterilisation of water using

Name – Diya Sarkar

Requirements – Burette , titration flask ,

Chemical required – Bleaching powder ,

5.Titratiion- (WATER SAMPLE: Distilled water):

• Volume of water sample 1 taken 100ml

Sample II (RAIN WATER)

Sample III – (BOREWELL WATER)

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