Calculus Paper-2 [290 marks]

The displacement, in centimetres, of a particle from an origin, O, at time t

seconds, is given by s(t) = t 2 cos t + 2t sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 5.

1a. Find the maximum distance of the particle from O. [3 marks]

1b. Find the acceleration of the particle at the instant it first changes [4 marks]
direction.
 A large tank initially contains pure water. Water containing salt begins to flow into
the tank The solution is kept uniform by stirring and leaves the tank through an
outlet at its base. Let x grams represent the amount of salt in the tank and let t
minutes represent the time since the salt water began flowing into the tank.
The rate of change of the amount of salt in the tank, ddx , is described by the
t
d − 4t
differential equation d = 10e
x − +1 .
x
t t

2a. Show that t + 1 is an integrating factor for this differential equation. [2 marks]

2b. Hence, by solving this differential equation, show that [8 marks]

−t
200−40e 4 (t+5)
x (t) = t+1
.
2c. Sketch the graph of x versus t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 60 and hence find the [5 marks]
maximum amount of salt in the tank and the value of t at which this occurs.
2d. Find the value of t at which the amount of salt in the tank is decreasing [2 marks]
most rapidly.

x
2e. The rate of change of the amount of salt leaving the tank is equal to x . [4 marks]
t+1
Find the amount of salt that left the tank during the first 60 minutes.

−1
 A particle moves in a straight line such that its velocity, v ms−1 , at time t seconds
is given by
v = 4t2 − 6t + 9 − 2 sin(4t), 0 ≤ t ≤ 1.
The particle’s acceleration is zero at t = T .

3a. Find the value of T . [2 marks]

=0 =
3b. Let s1 be the distance travelled by the particle from t = 0 to t = T and [3 marks]
let s2 be the distance travelled by the particle from t = T to t = 1.
Show that s2 > s1 .

Consider the curves y = x2 sin x and y = −1 − √1 + 4(x + 2)2 for −π ≤ x ≤ 0.

4a. Find the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the two curves. [3 marks]
4b. Find the area, A, of the region enclosed by the two curves. [4 marks]

Consider the differential equation

dy
dx
= f( yx ), x > 0

5a. Use the substitution y = vx to show that ∫ dv

f ( v ) −v
= ln x + C where C [3 marks]
is an arbitrary constant.

= ( ) >0
 The curve y = f(x) for x > 0 has a gradient function given by
dy y2+3xy+2x2
dx
= x2
.

The curve passes through the point (1, −1).

5b. By using the result from part (a) or otherwise, solve the differential [9 marks]
equation and hence show that the curve has equation
y = x(tan (ln x)−1).
5c. The curve has a point of inflexion at (x1 , y1 ) where e− π2 π
< x1 < e 2 . [6 marks]
Determine the coordinates of this point of inflexion.
2+3 +2 2
5d. dy y2+3xy+2x2 [4 marks]
Use the differential equation d = 2 to show that the points of
x x
zero gradient on the curve lie on two straight lines of the form y = mx where the
values of m are to be determined.

2 3
 The curve C has equation e2y = x3 + y.

6a. Show that d y 3x2 [3 marks]

dx
= 2e2y−1
.

6b. The tangent to C at the point Ρ is parallel to the y-axis. [4 marks]

Find the x-coordinate of Ρ.

−1
 A particle moves along a straight line so that its velocity, v m s−1 , after t seconds
is given by v(t)= esin t + 4 sin t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 6.

7a. Find the value of t when the particle is at rest. [2 marks]

7b. Find the acceleration of the particle when it changes direction. [3 marks]
7c. Find the total distance travelled by the particle. [2 marks]
 All lengths in this question are in centimetres.
A solid metal ornament is in the shape of a right pyramid, with vertex V and
square base ABCD. The centre of the base is X. Point V has coordinates
(1, 5, 0) and point A has coordinates (−1, 1, 6).

8a. Find AV. [2 marks]

ˆ
8b. Given that AV̂B = 40°, find AB. [3 marks]

The volume of the pyramid is 57. 2 cm 3 , correct to three significant figures.

8c. Find the height of the pyramid, VX. [3 marks]

8d. A second ornament is in the shape of a cuboid with a rectangular base of [5 marks]
length 2x cm , width x cm and height y cm . The cuboid has the same
volume as the pyramid.
The cuboid has a minimum surface area of S cm 2 . Find the value of S.

4x+1
The function f is defined by f(x)= x+4
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −4.

For the graph of f

9a. write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

9b. find the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [2 marks]

−1
9c. Find f −1 (x). [4 marks]

−1
9d. Using an algebraic approach, show that the graph of f −1 is obtained by [4 marks]
a reflection of the graph of f in the y-axis followed by a reflection in the x-axis.

−1
 The graphs of f and f −1 intersect at x = p and x = q, where p < q.

9e. Find the value of p and the value of q. [2 marks]

9f. Hence, find the area enclosed by the graph of f and the graph of f −1 . [3 marks]

2
10. The derivative of a function g is given by g'(x)= 3x2 + 5ex , where [5 marks]
x ∈ R. The graph of g passes through the point (0, 4) . Find g(x).

−1
 A particle moves in a straight line such that its velocity, v m s−1 , at time t seconds
2+1 ) cos
(t t
is given by v= 4
, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3.

11a. Determine when the particle changes its direction of motion. [2 marks]

11b. Find the times when the particle’s acceleration is −1. 9 m s−2 . [3 marks]
11c. Find the particle’s acceleration when its speed is at its greatest. [2 marks]

A scientist conducted a nine-week experiment on two plants, A and B, of the

same species. He wanted to determine the effect of using a new plant fertilizer.
Plant A was given fertilizer regularly, while Plant B was not.
The scientist found that the height of Plant A, h A cm , at time t weeks can be
modelled by the function h A (t) = sin(2t + 6) + 9t + 27, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.
The scientist found that the height of Plant B, h B cm , at time t weeks can be
modelled by the function h B (t) = 8t + 32, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

Use the scientist’s models to find the initial height of

12a. Plant B. [1 mark]

12b. Plant A correct to three significant figures. [2 marks]

12c. Find the values of t when h A (t)= hB (t). [3 marks]

0≤ ≤9
12d. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of [6 marks]
Plant B was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A.

( )= √ 2 −1 1≤ ≤2
 Consider the function f(x)= √x2 − 1, where 1 ≤ x ≤ 2.

13a. Sketch the curve y = f(x), clearly indicating the coordinates of the [2 marks]
endpoints.

−1
13b. Show that the inverse function of f is given by f −1 (x)= √x2 + 1. [3 marks]

13c. State the domain and range of f −1 . [2 marks]

= ( ) 2
 The curve y = f(x) is rotated 2π about the y-axis to form a solid of revolution
that is used to model a water container.

13d. Show that the volume, V m3 , of water in the container when it is filled [3 marks]
to a height of h metres is given by V = π( 13 h 3 + h).

13e. Hence, determine the maximum volume of the container. [2 marks]

=0
 At t = 0, the container is empty. Water is then added to the container at a
constant rate of 0. 4 m3 s−1 .

13f. Find the time it takes to fill the container to its maximum volume. [2 marks]
13g. Find the rate of change of the height of the water when the container is [6 marks]
filled to half its maximum volume.

d
 dy
Consider the differential equation x2 d = y 2 − 2x2 for x > 0 and y > 2x. It is
x
given that y = 3 when x = 1.

14a. Use Euler’s method, with a step length of 0. 1, to find an approximate [4 marks]
value of y when x = 1. 5.

14b. Use the substitution y = vx to show that x dd vx = v2 − v − 2. [3 marks]

8 + 4
14c. By solving the differential equation, show that y 8x+ x4 [10 marks]
= 4−x3
.

= 1. 5
14d. Find the actual value of y when x = 1. 5. [1 mark]

14e. Using the graph of y 8x+ x4 [1 mark]

= 4−x3
, suggest a reason why the approximation
given by Euler’s method in part (a) is not a good estimate to the actual value of y
at x = 1. 5.

15a. Plant B. [1 mark]

15b. Plant A correct to three significant figures. [2 marks]

( )= ()
15c. Find the values of t when h A (t)= hB (t). [3 marks]

15d. For t > 6, prove that Plant A was always taller than Plant B. [3 marks]

0≤ ≤9
15e. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of [6 marks]
Plant B was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A.

O
 Two airplanes, A and B, have position vectors with respect to an origin O given
respectively by

⎛ 19 ⎞ ⎛ −6 ⎞
rA =⎜ −1 ⎟+t⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

⎛1 ⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞
rB =⎜ 0 ⎟+t⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ −2 ⎠
where t represents the time in minutes and 0 ≤ t ≤ 2. 5.
Entries in each column vector give the displacement east of O , the displacement
north of O and the distance above sea level, all measured in kilometres.

16a. Find the three-figure bearing on which airplane B is travelling. [2 marks]

16b. Show that airplane A travels at a greater speed than airplane B. [2 marks]

16c. Find the acute angle between the two airplanes’ lines of flight. Give your[4 marks]
answer in degrees.

P
 The two airplanes’ lines of flight cross at point P .

16d. Find the coordinates of P. [5 marks]

16e. Determine the length of time between the first airplane arriving at P [2 marks]
and the second airplane arriving at P .
16f. LetD(t) represent the distance between airplane A and airplane B for [5 marks]
0 ≤ t ≤ 2. 5.
Find the minimum value of D(t).
 The population, P , of a particular species of marsupial on a small remote island
can be modelled by the logistic differential equation
dP = kP (1 − P
)
dt N
where t is the time measured in years and k, N are positive constants.
The constant N represents the maximum population of this species of marsupial
that the island can sustain indefinitely.

17a. In the context of the population model, interpret the meaning of d P . [1 mark]
dt

17b. Show that d2 P = k2 P (1 − P

)(1 − 2NP ). [4 marks]
dt2 N

17c. Hence show that the population of marsupials will increase at its [5 marks]
maximum rate when P = N 2 . Justify your answer.
17d. Hence determine the maximum value of d P in terms of k and N . [2 marks]
dt
 Let P0 be the initial population of marsupials.

17e. By solving the logistic differential equation, show that its solution can [7 marks]
be expressed in the form

kt = ln P
P0
( N − P0
N −P
).

10 3
17f. After 10 years, the population of marsupials is 3P0 . It is known that [2 marks]
N = 4P0 .
Find the value of k for this population model.

18. 2 ( y−4 ) 2 [5 marks]

The following diagram shows the curve x36 + 16
= 1, where
h ≤ y ≤ 4.

The curve from point Q to point B is rotated 360° about the y-axis to form the
interior surface of a bowl. The rectangle OPQR, of height h cm , is rotated 360°
about the y-axis to form a solid base.
The bowl is assumed to have negligible thickness.
Given that the interior volume of the bowl is to be 285 cm 3 , determine the height
of the base.
 lim arctan ( cos x ) −k
Consider x→0
x2
, where k ∈ R.

19a. Show that a finite limit only exists for k = π4 . [2 marks]

19b. Using l’Hôpital’s rule, show algebraically that the value of the limit is [6 marks]
− 14 .

2− −12
 x2−x−12 15
Consider the function f(x)= 2x−15
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 2 .

Find the coordinates where the graph of f crosses the

20a. x-axis. [2 marks]

20b. y-axis. [1 mark]

20c. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]

= +
20d. The oblique asymptote of the graph of f can be written as y = ax + b [4 marks]
where a, b ∈ Q .
Find the value of a and the value of b .

−30 ≤ ≤ 30
20e. Sketch the graph of f for −30 ≤ x ≤ 30, clearly indicating the points of [3 marks]
intersection with each axis and any asymptotes.

20f. Express 1 [3 marks]

in partial fractions.
f (x)
20g. 3 [4 marks]
∫
1
Hence find the exact value of 0
f (x)
d x, expressing your answer as
a single logarithm.

= − ln( ) > 0, >0

 Consider the curve C given by y = x − xy ln(xy) where x > 0, y > 0.

21a. dy [3 marks]
Show that d
x
+(x dd yx + y)(1 + ln(xy))= 1.

=1
21b. Hence find the equation of the tangent to C at the point where x = 1. [5 marks]

(6 + 7)d
22a. Find ∫(6x + 7)d x. [3 marks]

22b. Given f'(x)= 6x + 7 and f(1. 2)= 7. 32, find f(x). [3 marks]

−1
 A particle moves in a straight line. The velocity, v ms −1 , of the particle at time t
seconds is given by v(t) = t sin t − 3, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 10.
The following diagram shows the graph of v.

23a. Find the smallest value of t for which the particle is at rest. [2 marks]
23b. Find the total distance travelled by the particle. [2 marks]

23c. Find the acceleration of the particle when t = 7. [2 marks]

Consider the function f defined by f(x)= 90e−0.5x for x ∈ R+ .

The graph of f and the line y = x intersect at point P .

24a. Find the x-coordinate of P. [2 marks]

 The line L has a gradient of −1 and is a tangent to the graph of f at the point Q.

24b. Find the exact coordinates of Q . [4 marks]

24c. Show that the equation of L is y = −x + 2 ln 45 + 2. [2 marks]

=
 The shaded region A is enclosed by the graph of f and the lines y = x and L.

24d. Find the x-coordinate of the point where L intersects the line y = x. [1 mark]

24e. Hence, find the area of A. [4 marks]

 24f. The line L is tangent to the graphs of both f and the inverse function [2 marks]
f −1 .

Find the shaded area enclosed by the graphs of f and f −1 and the line L.

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

Printed for FOUNTAINHEAD SCH