New Interactions

Intro Level Reading and

Writing Vocabulary List

Key: n = noun; v = verb; adj = adjective; adv = adverb; phr v = phrasal verb

Chapter 1 Reading and Writing

Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
balcony n an area with a wall or railings We can see the sea from our -
that is built on the outside of hotel balcony on the fifth
upper parts of a building floor.
bike hub n a secure, well-lit parking area Students park bikes at the -
for bicycles bike hub on campus.
Biochemistry n the scientific study of living I studied Biochemistry at biochemical;
things university. biochemically;
biochemist
bookshelf n a shelf on a wall that holds I have a long bookshelf on -
books my bedroom wall.
cafeteria n a restaurant where you can The company’s cafeteria is cafe
choose and buy food from a on the first floor.
serving area
climate change n changes in the earth’s Climate change includes -
weather changes in temperature, wind
patterns and rainfall
coffee maker n a machine that makes coffee This coffee maker can make -
filter coffee and espresso.
convenience store n a shop that is usually open This convenience store stays -
late and sells food, drinks etc. open all night.
dresser n a kitchen cupboard with People sometimes display -
shelves to hold plates, dishes their prettiest plates in a
etc. dresser.
Environmental n the scientific study of places We visited the Sahara Desert -
Sciences where living things exist as part of my Environmental
Sciences college course.
first floor n the level of a building that is The bathroom is right upstairs -
one level above the street on the first floor.
food court n many different small You can enjoy food from all -
restaurants surrounding a over the world at the mall’s
large central area where you food court.
eat
Formula 1 n the highest class of In Formula 1 races, cars -
international car racing reach speeds of more than
350 kph.
Geology n the study of rocks and similar In Geology, we learned about geological;
substances the structure of the earth. geologist;
geologically
green energy n energy that comes from Sunlight, wind, and water are -
natural resources all sources of green energy.
ground floor n the level of a building that is You walk straight out onto the -
level with the street street from the ground floor.
hair salon n a shop where you go to have Hair can be washed, cut, and -
your hair cut and styled blow-dried at a hair salon.
health center n a building where doctors have If you feel ill, go see one of -
offices you can visit the doctors at the health
center.
major adj more important, serious, or Julia made some major majority; majorly
bigger than others of the changes to her assignment
same type before she gave it to her
tutor.
minor adj not very important when Dan’s problems are minor minority; minorly
compared with other things of compared to mine!
the same type
refrigerator n a large metal box that uses That cheese will stay fresh refrigeration;
electricity to keep what is longer if you keep it in a refrigerated
inside it cold refrigerator.
residence hall n a building where college or In my first year at university, -
university students live I lived on campus in a
residence hall.
technology n the study or knowledge of the We may soon have the technological
use of scientific discoveries technology to visit distant
planets.
volleyball court n a specially marked area There is a high net across the -
where you can play volleyball. middle of a volleyball court.

Chapter 2
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
abbreviation n a short form of a word or An abbreviation of the word abbreviate
phrase kilometers is “km.”
active adj moving around and/or doing I don’t like sitting around activity; activation;
things doing nothing, I prefer to be activated
active.
alarm n a loud noise that warns you of You will hear an alarm if there alarm; alarming;
danger is a fire in the building. alarmingly
courier n someone whose job is to As a motorcycle courier, I -
deliver parcels or documents make around ten deliveries
every day.
midnight n 12 o’clock at night The restaurant closes at -
midnight on weekdays.
noon n 12 o’clock in the middle of the At noon, everyone in the -
day office has a lunch break.
to chat v to talk to someone in a She loves to chat to friends chat; chatty; chatter
friendly way on her mobile phone.
VR headset n a device that allows users Using the VR headset was -
to interact with simulated like being in another world!
environments

Expressions:

day and night all the time (without stopping)

get ready for class get ready to have a lesson or lecture
go off when an alarm begins it goes off.
hang out to spend time somewhere in a relaxed way, usually with friends

Chapter 3
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
adventurous adj willing to try new things I’m very adventurous, so adventure
I’m not afraid to climb the
mountain.
breadstick n a long, thin, crisp stick of Would you like another -
bread breadstick with your soup?
calorie n a measurement of the amount There are about 50 calories calorific
of energy some food will in an apple
provide
cereal n a breakfast food made from My dad always eats a big -
grain that we eat with milk bowl of cereal for breakfast.
corn n the seeds of a type of maize Let’s grill some corn on the -
that we eat as a vegetable barbeque for lunch.
crust n the hard outer covering of I eat the soft parts of a bread crusty
something roll, but never the crust.
dish n food that is prepared in a James is going to cook a -
particular way Spanish dish tonight!
golden brown adj the color some food goes Fry the onions until they are -
when it is cooked golden-brown.
grain n seed or seeds from plants Which country do you think grainy; grained
such as wheat or rice produces the most grain?
grilled corn n corn from a corn cob that has Grilled corn has a golden- -
been cooked on a grill brown color.
liquid n a substance such a water that Pour the liquid from the liquid; liquidity
is not solid or a gas bottle into the pan.
mixture n a substance made from We make cakes from a mix
several other substances mixture of flour, eggs, butter,
and sugar.
oil n a smooth, thick liquid made Fry the eggs gently in a little oil; oily
from plants that is used in oil.
cooking
pastry n a soft mixture of flour, fat, and Roll the pastry flat, lay it in -
water that you roll flat the pie dish, and pour in the
filling.
pie n a dish made from meat, This pie is made from apples -
vegetables, or fruit, covered and served with ice cream.
with pastry and baked.
plantain n a tropical fruit like a banana A plantain is not as sweet as -
a banana, and tastes better
when it is cooked.
roots and tubers n thick, underground roots Roots and tubers include -
which you can cook and eat potatoes, yams, and ginger.
soya n a substance we get from the Soya can be used in cooking -
beans of an Asian plant instead of meat.
soybean n a bushy Asian plant from A white substance called tofu -
which we get soya beans is made from the soybean
plant.
spicy adj having strong flavors from Indian and Asian foods are spice; spiced
spices often hot and spicy.
staple food n food which is the main part of Rice is the staple food in -
people’s diet Thailand and Malaysia.
sweet adj tasting like sugar, not bitter or Ice cream is sweet and sweeten; sweetener;
salty delicious! sweetly
to import v to bring in products from In the US, we import fruits, import; importation
another country vegetables, and tea from
China.
to pour v to make a substance flow Pour some milk from the poured; pouring
from one container to another carton into each glass.
to rise v to move upwards We watched the morning sun rise; rising; risen
rise over the hills.
wheat n a plant whose seeds (grain) Crushed wheat produces -
are used to make flour flour which is used to make
bread.

Chapter 4
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
air-conditioned adj having an electrical system The hotel room was air conditioning
which cools the air in a room comfortable and air-
or car conditioned.
average adj usual or typical of its type The man was of average -
weight and height.
below zero adj a measurement lower than It will be very cold today, with -
zero temperatures below zero.
carbon footprint n the amount of carbon dioxide Reduce your carbon -
released into the atmosphere footprint by cycling to work
because of human activities instead of driving.
clear adj not covered or blocked by The sky was clear and free of clear, (in the) clear;
anything clouds. clearly
continuous adj without stopping The continuous sound of continue; continuity
traffic kept me awake for
hours.
emergency action n the action you take in a The police took emergency -
dangerous or unexpected action to stop the riot.
situation
fireplace n a place in a room where you He felt warm and cozy sitting -
can make a fire to keep warm near the fireplace.
freezing cold adj very cold Her fingers felt freezing cold -
even when she put gloves
on.
frost n a thin layer of ice that forms It was so cold that the fields frost; frosty
on surfaces when it is very were white with frost.
cold
generation n all the people who are born I think she is the best generational;
and living at around the same songwriter of my generation. generationally
time
glacier n a very large thick area of ice Special care was needed glacial; glacially
which moves very slowly when they walked on the
glacier.
global warming n an increase in the Sea levels will rise because -
temperature of Earth’s of global warming.
atmosphere because of
pollution
globe n the world and the shape of a His dream is to travel in all global; globally
planet parts of the globe.
greenhouse gas n gases around the earth which Greenhouse gas contributes -
stop heat from escaping into greatly to global warming.
space
heavy rainfall n a lot of rain that falls in a A week of heavy rainfall -
particular place at a particular ruined the wheat crop.
time
hemisphere n one half of the earth Australia is in the southern hemispherical
hemisphere.
keep warm v to make something or A hot water bottle helped her -
someone not too hot, and not keep warm.
too cold
mug n a cup with straight sides used The teacher asked for a mug -
for hot drinks of coffee.
renewable adj something that can be We are finding ways to make renew; renewability
produced as quickly as it is renewable energy.
used
shovel n a tool used for digging or Use this shovel to dig a large shovelled;
moving things such as snow hole in the garden. shovelling
slippery adj smooth, wet, and difficult or The pavement was slippery slip; slipping
dangerous to walk on because of the ice.
snow n small, soft, white pieces of In the evening, snow began snow; snowy
frozen water that fall from the to fall.
sky
solar adj related to the sun You can fit special panels to -
your roof that make solar
power.
strong wind n a strong and powerful The strong wind blew all the -
movement of air leaves off the trees.
sunset n the time in the evening when Sunset happens quickly in -
the sun disappears, and it some parts of the world.
gets dark
to expand v to get bigger Earth’s population continues expanded;
to expand. expansion
to release v to stop holding something The policeman told the man release; released
and let it go to release the gun.
to shovel v to use a tool to move They had to shovel a lot of shovel
something from one place to sand away to find the buried
another treasure.
toasted sandwich n a sandwich which is heated I like cheese in a toasted -
on both sides until it turns sandwich.
golden brown
turbine n a large machine that uses They had to stop working -
gas, steam, etc. to produce because the turbine broke
power down.
 Chapter 5
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
ash n the soft, grey substance that All that was left of the tree ashy; ashes
is left after something has was a pile of ash.
burned
buzzing n a continuous sound like a bee The constant buzzing in his buzz
makes head made him feel sick.
character n qualities, such as kindness Tim’s honesty and likeable characterize
or bravery, that make us character made people trust
different from others him.
continent n a very large area of land such The continent of Europe has continental
as Africa, Asia, or Europe more than forty countries.
crime n activities that are against the He led a life of violent crime. criminal; criminally
law
dormant adj not active, sleeping, or quiet Eruptions have stopped and -
the volcano is now dormant.
emissions n the act of sending gas, heat, Emissions of gas came from -
or light up into the air deep underground.
extinct adj something that no longer The dodo bird has been extinction
exists extinct for many years.
remote adj far away She wants to live on a remotely
remote island.
seismic activity n movements under the earth’s There is a lot of seismic -
surface activity in the Far East.
to accept v to agree to take something She offered me money, but I acceptance;
that is offered to you refused to accept it. accepted
to erupt v to suddenly throw out smoke, Mount Etna is expected to eruption; erupts
fire, and melted rocks erupt soon.
to evacuate v to move people from The police began to evacuation
a dangerous place to evacuate the factory because
somewhere safe of the risk of fire.
to heat v to make warmer or hotter I will heat the soup rather heat; heated
than eat it cold.
to monitor v to watch something carefully Please monitor his monitor; monitored
and record the results movements and report them
to me.
to survive v to continue to live after almost His injuries were terrible, but survivor; survival;
dying he managed to survive. survivalist;
survivalism
survivor n someone who was able to She is a survivor of the train survive; survival;
stay alive after an illness, crash. survivalist;
accident, etc. survivalism
violent adj sudden and causing damage The violent shaking of the violence; violently
ground caused the house to
collapse.
wealthy adj having a lot of money He became wealthy through wealth
hard work.
 Chapter 6
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
attractive adj pleasant or beautiful to look The most attractive thing attract; attraction
at about Jonathan is his
wonderful smile.
battery n an object that provides The car would not start -
electricity because the battery was
dead.
billboard n a very large board used to They are using a billboard to -
advertise products or events advertise the new film.
commercial hub n the business area of a town He wants to open a business -
or city in the city’s commercial hub.
confusing adj difficult to understand The directions to the hotel confuse; confusion;
were confusing and we soon confusingly
got lost.
creative adj good at thinking of new ideas An artist needs to have a create; creation,
and using imagination creative mind. creativity; creatively
device n a piece of equipment that The device is small enough -
does something to hold in your hand.
electronic goods n things you can buy that need Electronic goods, such -
electricity to work as ovens and washing
machines, make our lives
easier.
gadget n a small piece of equipment A cheese grater is an gadgetry
that does something example of a gadget used in
cooking.
impression n an idea or feeling you get I get the impression that she impress;
about what another person does not like me. impressionable
is like
ink cartridge n a small container of ink used The black ink cartridge in -
in a printer this printer needs changing
too often.
memorable adj something you will remember Our holiday in France last memory;
for a long time year was memorable. memorably;
memorabilia
noticeable adj easy to see Clare’s bright green jacket notice; noticeably
made her noticeable in the
crowd.
peer n someone of the same age, He is my peer in age, but we peerless
group, or abilities as you are very different in character.
retail outlet n a store where you can buy Our town has never had a -
things high-quality retail outlet.
social hub n a place that is the center of Is Central Park a social hub -
activity of New York City?
standard of living n the amount of money people They earn a lot of money, so -
earn and how well they live they enjoy a high standard of
living.
to avoid v to stay away from someone or He is trying to avoid her by avoidance
something talking to someone else.
to beep v a short, loud sound Beep the car horn to let the -
family know we are here.
to blend in v to look or seem the same as I wear a suit to blend in with -
people or things around you everyone else in the office.
to invest v to put money into a plan or an Which is the best way for investment
idea to make a profit Karen to invest her money?
to stand out v to be noticeable by looking If you want to stand out at -
different from other people or the party, wear bright clothes.
things
to trade v to buy and sell things He knows how to trade well trade
and makes a lot of money.
TV commercial n an advertisement that is on Seeing a TV commercial for -
TV ice cream makes me want to
buy some!

Expressions:

appearance the way something looks

follow a trend to do, or wear, what is fashionable
Mystery solved! said when you have found the answer to, or reason for, something you couldn’t work out, e.g.,
“I’ve worked out what happened!”
privileged having special rights, or advantages in life
put an end to to stop/end something that was happening
something

Chapter 7
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
a lack of n not enough of something or I am tired because of a lack -
none at all of sleep.
accessories n items such as jewellery, She tries to match her accessory;
scarves, belts, etc. that are accessories to her dresses. accessorize
useful or make things look
more attractive
appliance n a machine or device, such I think a washing machine -
as a refrigerator or vacuum is the most useful home
cleaner appliance.
calm adj quiet and peaceful, without Robert stays calm even calm; calmly;
stress or worry though he has many calmness
problems.
candlelight n the light made by a candle They eat dinner on the hotel candlelit
when it is burning balcony by candlelight.
mess n A mess is something that The dog’s dirty paws make a mess; messy;
looks untidy or dirty mess on the floor. messily
pile n things placed one on top of She folds the washing into a pile
the other pile.
sentimental adj having very happy or sad Listening to love songs sentiment;
feelings about something or makes her feel sentimental. sentimentality;
someone that are not always sentimentally
based on fact
streetlamp n a tall light at the side of a road A streetlamp would make -
or public area where light is this street safer at night.
needed
to declutter v to remove things you do not I need to declutter my clutter
need from somewhere such bedroom closets.
as a room
to sort out v to put things in their correct He wants to sort out his sort out
place clothes.
to get rid of v to do something which frees You should get rid of that -
you of something you don’t awful dress – it doesn’t suit
like or want you.
to stack v to place or arrange things one Ask the teacher to stack the stack
on top of another books as she marks them.
to tidy up v to put things back in their Good chefs will always tidy tidy up
correct place after you have up the kitchen after they
used them have cooked.
upright adj to put something in a vertical He is planting the rose bush Upright; uprightly;
position, e.g., if it has fallen upright in his garden. uprightness
over

Expressions:

I don’t mind “I’m happy with any of the things/choices I’m being offered.”
make ends meet to earn just enough money to live on
no wonder “That’s no surprise!”
on the bright side meaning that there is something good about a situation that is mostly bad
smooth sailing describing an activity or situation that is easy – without problems or difficulties
to flock to when people flock to a place, a very large number of them go there because it is interesting,
pleasant, or enjoyable

Chapter 8
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
cannery n a factory where food is put His job in the cannery is -
into small metal containers boring and he must work
long hours.
desert n a large area of land that has All we can see ahead of us is desertification
very little water and very few the empty desert.
plants
fertile adj fertile land can produce many The land around the river Nile fertility
healthy plants or crops is very fertile.
freshwater n living in or containing, water The freshwater lake is home -
that is not salty to many fish and plants.
habitat n the natural environment When we cut down habitation
where a plant or animal lives rainforests, we destroy the
habitat of many animals.
moisture n very small drops of water in a When we get very hot, moist; moistness
substance, in the air, or on a moisture on our skin cools us
surface down.
saltwater n water that contains salt, such The taste of saltwater makes -
as seawater me feel sick.
surface area n the amount of area covered The builder is measuring the -
by the surface of something surface area of the land.
to classify v to divide things, or people, of Libraries classify their books classification
the same kind into groups to make them easier to find.
to collapse v to fall onto the ground We watched the tired athletes collapsible;
suddenly collapse onto the ground. collapsed
to connect v to join two or more things I want to connect the two connection;
together rooms with a small door. connectable
to die out v to die one after another until If we don’t protect -
none are left endangered plants and
animals, they will die out.
to divert v to make someone or The flood on the road caused diversion
something change direction police to divert the traffic.
to drop v to fall, or allow something to That parcel is too heavy, I drop
fall think she is going to drop it!
to dry up v to become completely dry, Days of sunshine caused the -
e.g., a river or lake river to dry up.
to make a living v to earn enough money to pay I make a living driving a bus. -
for the things you need to live
to shrink v to make smaller in size or Wash woollen clothes in cool shrinking
amount water or they will shrink.
to surround v to be all around someone or Tall trees surround the lake surround;
something we like to visit on weekends. surroundings

Chapter 9
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
characteristics n the appearance or qualities of We think she has all the character;
a person, place, or thing characteristics of a great characterize;
teacher. characteristically
complex adj having many different parts or Work meetings allow all complex; complexity
qualities employees to discuss
complex issues.
digital age n a time/period when many Many older people find it -
things are done by computer difficult to live in the digital
age.
friendship n a situation in which two Friendship between all -
people are friends countries has never been so
important.
harmful adj something is harmful if can Eating too much sugar can be -
hurt or damage something or harmful to your health.
someone
meaningful adj serious, important, or Our scientific tests did not -
worthwhile produce any meaningful
results.
optional adj if something is optional you Wearing a swimming cap in option; optionally
can choose whether you want this pool is optional.
to do it, use it, pay for it etc.
satisfying adj making you feel happy Making my own clothes is satisfy; satisfaction,
because it is what you need very satisfying. satisfactory;
or want satisfactorily
secret adj information that only you or a I want Harry’s birthday secret; secretive,
few other people know that surprise to be a secret, so secretively
must not be told to anyone don’t tell anyone!
else
social interaction n a situation where people Parties are places where -
react to what other people people can enjoy social
say or do interaction.
social media n websites and apps that It is easy to spend a lot of -
allow us to create and share time on social media.
content
to lose interest in v to stop being interested in Students lose interest if the -
something lesson is too long.
to maintain v to continue, or make it I plan to maintain my love of maintenance
possible for something to travelling as I grow old.
continue
virtual world n an unreal world created on My son spends many hours -
a computer, often to play lost in his virtual world.
games

Expressions:

without thinking to do something immediately and not wonder what might happen as a result
twice

Chapter 10
Word Part of Definition Example Derivatives
Speech
artificial adj made by human beings Plastic flowers are artificial. artifice; artificially
inhabitant n a person or animal that lives Being an inhabitant of inhabit
in a place London costs a lot of money.
life-size adj the same size as the person She has a life-size picture of -
or thing it is meant to look like the actress in her bedroom.
precision n the fact of being absolutely The artist painted the old ship precise; precisely
accurate or exact with great precision.
rooftop n the surface of the roof of a Birds sit on the rooftop and -
building sing all day.
sculpture n a piece of art that an artist This sculpture is world sculptor
makes from wood, clay, metal, famous, and so are the artist’s
plastic, etc. paintings.
three dimension / adj something is three- Designers will build a 3-D -
3-D dimensional if it has length, model of the building.
width, and height
to admire v to find something attractive Many people admire the admiration;
and nice to look at, or to have work of famous composers, admiringly
great respect for someone such as Beethoven.
to exhibit v to show something in a public His work is good enough to exhibit; exhibition
place such as a museum or exhibit in an art gallery.
art gallery
upwards v towards a higher place or We continued upwards upward; upwardly
level towards the top of the
mountain.
vertical v standing or pointing straight The hill she is climbing is vertical; vertically
up so steep it seems almost
vertical.