Experiment 1 - LED Blinking

FUNDAMENTALS OF IOT
AND SENSORS – 24EC1101

Experiment Number - 1
Experiment No 1 Student ID
Date Student Name
LED INTERFACE WITH ARDUINO

Aim/Objective: The main objective of this experiment is,
a. To blink an LED with a delay of 2 seconds.
b. To Blink 2 LED'S alternatively with a delay of 1 second.
Components required:
Software Hardware
Arduino UNO Board
Tinkercad Arduino UNO Cable
Arduino IDE (To be installed in Laptop) LED’s (Red-1, Green-1, White-1)
Resistors – 3 (1KΩ each)
Jumper wires
Description:
LED blinking is the most beginner & easy step to start experiments with arduino. Firstly, identify
anode (+ve) & cathode (-ve) leg of LED. Following diagram gives a clear idea of LED.
Now connect a resistor to positive leg and other end of resistor to 5V.Cathode will be connected
to Arduino GPIO, in this case pin 13. Final circuit will look as below.
Pre-Requisites:
 Electronics fundamentals
 Basic knowledge about Arduino Pins
Pre-Lab:
1. What are the components required for blinking LED using Arduino?
 1 × Breadboard.
 1 × Arduino Uno R3.
 1 × LED.
 1 × 330Ω Resistor.
 2 × Jumper.
2. What is the use of Arduino program with LED blink?
Arduino program in LED blink is useful to see the physical output of the experiment. It
blinks the on-board LED and turns it on and off according to the delay given in the
code/program.
3. List out the types of LED’s.
 Dual In-Line Package (DIP) LEDs. DIP LED Lights. DIP LED chips are the
original LED chips
 Surface Mounted Diode (SMD) LEDs.
 Chip on Board (COB) LEDs.
4. How many analog pins are present in the Arduino Boards?
The Arduino UNO has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10
bits of resolution.
5. List the important uses of LEDs.
LEDs are commonly used in,
 Streetlights
 Parking garage lighting
 Refrigerated case lighting.
 Walkway and other outdoor area lighting
In-Lab:
Programs:
A. Blink an LED with delay of 2 seconds
#define LED 13
void setup()
{
//put your code inside this setup()to execute one time
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); // making 13 pin as output
}
void loop()
{
//put your code inside this loop()to execute infinite no of times
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); //turning on the LED
delay(2000); // Wait for 2000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); //turning on the LED
}
B. Blink 2 LED’s alternatively with a delay of one second
#define RED_LED 13
#define GREEN_LED 12
void setup()
{
//put your code inside this setup()to execute one time
pinMode(RED_LED, OUTPUT); // making 13 pin as output
pinMode(GREEN_LED, OUTPUT); // making 12 pin as output
}
void loop()
{
//put your code inside this loop()to execute infinite no of times
digitalWrite(RED_LED, HIGH); //turning on RED LED
digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, LOW); //turning off GREEN LED
digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH); //turning on GREEN LED

digitalWrite(RED_LED, LOW); //turning off RED LED
}
Procedure:
1. Give the connections to the Arduino board as shown in the connection diagram.
2. Open Arduino IDE in the computer
3. Create new file File_--→ New
4. Type your program and Save it in appropriate location in your computer.
5. Compile your program by clicking Verify option in the menu.
6. Once the program compiled successfully, connect the Arduino board to the computer
using USB cable.
7. After connecting, go to Tools ----→Board ---→ Select Arduino/Genuino Uno option.
8. After selecting board, go to Tools ----→Port ---→ Select Arduino Uno COM port 3
(name may appear differently for other computers).
9. Note that this port option will be displayed only when board is connected to
computer.
10. Now upload the program to the Arduino board by clicking Upload option.
11. Observe the output.
Connection Diagram:
a. Blink an LED with delay of 2 seconds
b. Blink an 2 LED’s alternatively

Results:
VIVA-VOCE Questions (In-Lab):

1. What is the Command used to declare the inputs/outputs in Arduino?
The pinMode() function is used to configure a specific pin to behave either as an input or an
output.
2. What is the Use of resistor in connection Diagram (Fig.1)?
The LED's legs are connected to two pins on the Arduino: ground and pin 13. The component
between the LED and pin 13 is a resistor, which helps limit the current to prevent the LED
from burning itself out.
3. What do you think the function digitalWrite( ) does? What information must go in its
parentheses for it to work?
This function is used to turn a digital I/O pin on (HIGH) or off (LOW). In order for it to work,
this function requires two arguments. digitalWrite(arg1, arg2). The first argument is the number
of the digital pin you’re looking to control, and the second is the state to which you want to set
that pin (either HIGH or LOW).
4. What do you think the function delay ( ) does? What does the number inside its
parentheses represent?
The delay function tells the Arduino to wait for a certain amount of time before moving onto
and executing the next line of code. The number inside the parentheses is the number of
milliseconds that the Arduino will wait before continuing on.
5. Figure out how to change the blink-rate of the LED. For example, try to get the LED
to blink twice as fast, twice as slow, or with a completely new pattern. Describe what you
changed in the program to do this.
An easy way to change the blink rate of the LED is to change the numbers in the delay
functions. In order to get the LED to blink twice as fast, change the number in each delay to
500. In order to make the LED blink twice as slow, change each delay to 2000.
6. Figure out how to add a second LED and get it to blink opposite the first LED (when
the first one is on, the second one should be off). Sketch the new setup below and describe
the changes you made to the program to accomplish this.
Add an additional LED to the original setup as follows. Place the two legs of the new LED into
two new rows. Connect the shorter leg to a resistor that on the other end connects to the GND
column. Using a wire, connect the long leg of the LED to another
digital pin, such as pin 6. Then modify the code as follows (the differences are in bold).
Post-Lab:
1. To Blink an LED with a random delay.
Program:
int n1=5;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
int dtime=random(n1);
int dtime1=dtime*1000;
Serial.println(dtime);
Serial.println(dtime1);
digitalWrite(8,HIGH);
delay(dtime1);
digitalWrite(8,LOW);
delay(dtime1);
2. To Blink 3 LED'S with a delay.
Program:
void setup()
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
}
Evaluator Remark (if Any):

Marks Secured _____ out of 50
Signature of the Evaluator with Date

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FUNDAMENTALS OF IOT

AND SENSORS – 24EC1101

LED INTERFACE WITH ARDUINO

digitalWrite(GREEN_LED, HIGH); //turning on GREEN LED

a. Blink an LED with delay of 2 seconds

b. Blink an 2 LED’s alternatively

VIVA-VOCE Questions (In-Lab):

2. To Blink 3 LED'S with a delay.

Evaluator Remark (if Any):

Signature of the Evaluator with Date

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