Ans For Aid Rain Worksheet

ANSWER SHEET FOR ACID RAIN QUESTION SHEET
Answer1: c) Glass containers affect the pH of the rain water

Explanation: Because glass containers can change the pH of rainwater, they are not appropriate for
sampling rainwater.
Answer2: b) Application of magnesium and calcium-rich substances to soil
Explanation: Liming is used to neutralise acidic soils caused by heavy acidic rainfall, although it is
known to impair plant growth.
Answer3: b) Sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxide
Explanation: Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide have a strong tendency for reacting with water to
generate sulphurous/sulphuric acid and nitric acid, respectively.
Answer4: b) False
Explanation: Wet and dry deposition can contribute to the accumulation of acidic air pollution on the
Earth’s surface. Wet deposition is caused by rain and humid weather, whereas acidic pollutants and
dust mixing cause dry deposition.
Answer5: c) 4.8
Explanation: Aquatic species require a mildly acidic pH of 4.8, and it is hazardous to their life if it
drops below this level.
Answer6:
Sulphur dioxide is generated when fossil fuels are burned. Sulphur dioxide generates a sulphate ion
when it reaches the atmosphere. The sulphate ion subsequently combines with hydrogen atoms to
form sulphuric acid. This then falls as acid rain.
Answer7:
A pH scale is used to determine acidity. The scale ranges from 0 to 14, with zero being the most
acidic and 14 being the most alkaline. Because it combines with naturally occurring substances, rain
is always slightly acidic.
Answer8:
Scientists have been attempting to limit sulphur oxide emissions. This reduces the amount of clean
air produced. Scientists must reduce sulphur oxides by 50% to limit or prevent acid rain.
Answer9:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are released into the air and transferred by wind and
air currents, resulting in acid rain. SO2 and NOX react with water, oxygen, and other compounds to
generate sulfuric and nitric acids. These are then combined with water and other materials before
being released to the ground.
While some of the SO2 and NOX that generate acid rain come from natural sources like volcanoes,
the majority come from fossil fuel combustion. The following are the most significant sources of
SO2 and NOX in the atmosphere:
 Electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels. Electric power generators account for two-
thirds of SO2 and a fourth of NOX in the environment.
 Heavy machinery and vehicles
 Industries include manufacturing, oil refineries, and others.
Acid rain is an issue for everyone because SO2 and NOX can be carried at great distances and over
borders by the wind.
Answer10:
Wet Deposition
Acid rain is most commonly associated with wet deposition. Sulfuric and nitric acids developed in the
sky interact with rain, snow, fog, or hail to fall to the ground.
Dry Deposition
Acidic particles and gases can settle as dry deposition from the environment in the absence of
moisture. Acidic particles and gases can settle easily on surfaces (water bodies, vegetation, and
structures) or react with larger particles in the atmosphere, posing a health risk. Acidic water surges
over and through the ground when deposited acids are rinsed off a surface by the next rain, hurting
plants and wildlife, including insects and fish.
The amount of rain that falls in a given area determines the proportion of acidity in the air that falls to
earth as a result of dry deposition. For example, desert locations have a higher ratio of dry to wet
deposition than areas that receive a few inches of rain each year.
Answer11:
Dead or dying trees are prevalent in locations affected by acid rain. Aluminium from the soil is
leached by acid rain. Both plants and animals might be harmed by aluminium. Acid rain also
deprives the soil of essential minerals and nutrients for tree growth.
Acidic fog and clouds at high elevations might deplete the nutrients in tree foliage, resulting in brown
or dead leaves and needles. The trees become weaker and less able to survive freezing conditions
due to their reduced ability to absorb sunlight.
Nitrogen Pollution
The acidity of acid rain isn’t the only factor that might cause issues. Acid rain also contains nitrogen,
which can negatively influence certain ecosystems. For example, in some regions, nitrogen
contamination in our coastal waterways is contributing to dwindling fish and shellfish populations.
Much of the nitrogen produced by human activity reaching coastal waters originate from the
atmosphere, agriculture, and sewage.
Buffering Capacity
Acid rain does not affect many forests, streams, and lakes because the soil in those locations
can buffer the acid rain by neutralising the acidity in the precipitation. The thickness and makeup of
the soil and the type of bedrock beneath it determine its capacity. The soil in hilly areas of the
Northeast United States is thin, and it cannot neutralise the acid in rainwater sufficiently. As a result,
these locations are more sensitive, and acid and aluminium can build up in the soil, streams, and
lakes.
Episodic Acidification
Episodic acidity can occur due to melting snow and severe rain downpours. When the melting snow
or precipitation brings increased volumes of acidic deposits, and the soil can’t buffer it, lakes that
don’t ordinarily have a high level of acidity may experience the consequences of acid rain. This brief
period of higher acidity (lower pH) can cause short-term stress on the ecosystem, causing injury or
death to animals or species.
Answer12:
The following are some of the primary steps that must be followed to control acid rain:
1. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere should be reduced.
i. Conserve energy (hence less fuel burnt)
ii. Use less polluting fuels
iii. Before release, remove sulphur and nitrogen oxides (Flue gas desulphurisation and Catalytic
Converters).
2. Use cleaner fuels
i. Coal with a low sulphur content
ii. “Washing” the coal to remove the sulphur
iii. Natural Gas
3. Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)
i. Sulphur dioxide is removed from flue gas (waste gases)
ii. Contains a wet scrubber and a reaction tower with a fan that extracts hot, smokey stack gases
from a power plant.
iii. Lime or limestone (calcium carbonate) is pumped into the tower as a slurry to mix with the stack
gases and react with sulphur dioxide. Produces calcium sulphate that is pH-neutral and physically
removed from the scrubber.
iv. Sulphates could be used for industrial applications
4. Use alternative power sources (i.e. nuclear power, hydroelectricity, wind energy,
geothermal energy, and solar energy)
i. Cost issue
5. Liming to lessen the impact of Acid Rain
i. Acid neutralisation with powdered limestone/limewater added to water and soil
ii. Utilised extensively in Norway and Sweden
iii. Expensive, temporary fix
Answe13r:
Humans are no longer at risk from walking in acid rain or swimming in acidic lakes than walking in
normal rain or swimming in non-acidic lakes. When pollutants that generate acid rain are present in
the air, such as SO2 and NOX and sulphate and nitrate particles, they can be dangerous to humans.
Fine sulphate and nitrate particles are formed when SO2 and NOX combine in the atmosphere, which
individuals can inhale. Many scientific investigations have found a link between these particles and
effects on heart function, such as heart attacks that result in mortality in persons who have a higher
risk of heart disease and impacts on lung function, such as breathing difficulties in people who have
asthma.
Answer:14
Acid rain erodes stone, metal, paint, and practically any other object that has been exposed to the
environment for a long time. Human-made things gradually decay even when exposed to unpolluted
rain, but acid rain accelerates the process. Acid rain can corrode metals and erode the features of
marble sculptures sculpted centuries ago. This occurs because marble is composed of a calcium
carbonate component that acids can dissolve.

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ANSWER SHEET FOR ACID RAIN QUESTION SHEET

Answer1: c) Glass containers affect the pH of the rain water

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