Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and

Manufacturing kurnool
Linear Algebra (DS152)
Prepared by: Dr. Mani Shankar Pandey

1. Let W1 be a subspace of R3 with dim(W1 ) = 1 and W2 be another

subspace with dim(W2 ) = 2. If dim(W1 ∩ W2 ) = 1, find dim(W1 + W2 ).
2. In R7 , suppose dim(W1 ) = 5 and dim(W2 ) = 4. If it is given that
dim(W1 ∩ W2 ) = 3, calculate dim(W1 + W2 ).
3. Let W1 and W2 be subspaces of R8 where dim(W1 ) = 2 and dim(W2 ) = 5.
If dim(W1 ∩ W2 ) = 1, what is dim(W1 + W2 )?
4. Consider two subspaces W1 and W2 in R4 with dim(W1 ) = 3 and dim(W2 ) =
3. If dim(W1 ∩ W2 ) = 2, calculate dim(W1 + W2 ).
5. Given W1 and W2 are subspaces of R3 with dim(W1 ) = 2 and dim(W2 ) =
2. If dim(W1 ∩ W2 ) = 1, find dim(W1 + W2 ).
6. Define a linear transformation T on R3 such that ker(T ) = {(a, b, c) | la+
mb + nc = 0}.
7. Let V = P3 (R) and T : V −→ V be a linear transformation such that
T (1 + x) = 0, T (1 − x2 ) = 0 and T (x2 − x) = 2. Then find T (1 + x + x2 ).
8. Let T : R3 −→ R3 be a linear transformation such that T (1, 1, 1) =
(1, −1, 1), T 2 (1, 1, 1) = (1, 1, 1) and T 2 (1, 1, 2) = (1, 1, 1). Then find the
rank of T .
9. Let A3×4 and B4×3 be matrices such that AB is invertible. Then Choose
the correct option:
(a) BA is also invertible
(b) nullity of A is 0
10. Let A ∈ M2 (R) such that trace(A) = 2 and det(A) = −3. Define
TA : M2 (R) → M2 (R) by TA (B) = AB. Then show that the linear
transformation T is invertible. Check whether T is diagnolizable.
11. Let x, y be linearly independent vectors in R2 . Suppose T : R2 → R2
is a linear transformation such that T y = αx and T x = 0. Then, with
respect to some basis in R2 , find the matrix representation of T.
12. Let A be an n×n matrix, n ≥ 2, with characteristic polynomial xn−2 (x2 −
1). Then check which of the following are true:
(a) An = An−2
(b) Rank of A is 2
(c) Rank of A is at least 2
(d) There exist nonzero vectors x and y such that A(x + y) = x − y
13. Let V be a real vector space and let {x1 , x2 , x3 } be a basis for V . Then
check which of the following are true:
(a) {x1 + x2 , x2 , x3 } is a basis for V
(b) The dimension of V is 3
(c) {x1 − x2 , x2 − x3 , x1 − x3 } is a basis for V
14. Let A be a 3 × 3 non zero matrix such that A2 = 0 Then check which of
the following is true:
(a) A is similar to a diagonal matrix.
(b) A has a non zero eigen value
(c) A has 3 linearly independent eigen vector.
15. Consider the system of m linear equations in n unknowns given by Ax =
b, where A = (aij ) is a real m × n matrix, and x and b are n × 1 column
vectors. Then choose the correct option:
(a) There is at least one solution.
(b) There is at least one solution if b is the zero vector.
(c) If m = n and if the rank of A is n, then there is a unique solution.
(d) If m < n and if the rank of the augmented matrix [A : b] equals the
rank of A, then there are infinitely many solutions.
16. Consider the system of m linear equations in n unknowns given by Ax =
b, where A = (aij ) is a real m × n matrix, and x and b are n × 1 column
vectors. Then choose the correct option:

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 (a) There is at least one solution.
(b) There is at least one solution if b is the zero vector.
(c) If m = n and if the rank of A is n, then there is a unique solution.
(d) If m < n and if the rank of the augmented matrix [A : b] equals the
rank of A, then there are infinitely many solutions.
17. Consider the system of equations represented by Ax = b, where A is a
square matrix of size n × n. Choose the correct statement:
(a) If the determinant of A is zero, then the system has a unique solu-
tion.
(b) If the determinant of A is non-zero, then the system has no solutions.
(c) If the system is consistent, then the solution is unique if and only if
the rank of A is n.
(d) If A has full rank, then the columns of A are linearly dependent.
18. Given the system of equations Ax = b, where A is a 3 × 2 matrix,
identify the correct assertion:
(a) The system can have at most one solution.
(b) The system is always consistent.
(c) If the rank of A is 2, the system has infinitely many solutions.
(d) If b lies in the column space of A, then the system is consistent.
19. For the matrix A and vector b in the equation Ax = b, select the true
statement:
(a) If A is invertible, then for every b, the system has a unique solution.
(b) The rank of A is always equal to the number of rows.
(c) If b is in the null space of A, then the system has no solution.
(d) If A is a 2 × 2 matrix and det(A) = 0, the system is inconsistent.
20. In the context of linear transformations represented by a matrix A, which
of the following statements is true?
(a) The kernel of A is the same as the image of A.
(b) If A is a square matrix and det(A) ̸= 0, then the transformation is
one-to-one.

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 (c) The rank of A always equals the number of columns of A.
(d) If A has full column rank, then the columns of A are linearly inde-
pendent.
21. Let V be the set of all real n × n matrices A = (aij ) with the property
that aij = −aji for all i, j = 1, 2, . . . , n. Then choose the correct option:
n(n+1)
(a) V is a vector space of dimension 2
(b) For every A ∈ V , aii = 0 for all i = 1, 2, . . . , n
n(n−1)
(c) V is a vector space of dimension 2

22. Let W be the set of all 3 × 3 real matrices A = (aij ) with the property
that aij = 0 if i > j and aii = 1 for all i. Let B = (bij ) be a 3 × 3 real
matrix that satisfies AB = BA for all A ∈ W . Then choose the correct
option:
(a) Every A ∈ W has an inverse which is in W .
(b) b12 = 0
(c) b13 = 0
(d) b23 = 0
23. Let u, v, w be three vectors in an IPS with ||u|| = ||v|| = ||w|| = 2 and
< u, v >= 0, < u, w >= 1 < v, w >= −1. Then find ||w + v − u|| and
show that { u2 , v2 } forms an orthonormal set. Moreover show that w and
4u − w are orthogonal to each other.
24. Show that deteminant of a square mtrix is equal to product of its eigen
values (if exists).
25. Let < −, − >: Rn → R be the standard inner product on Rn . Let u ∈ Rn
<v,u>
be a non zero vector, define Tu : Rn → Rn by Tu (v) = v − <u,u> u. Then
show that Tu is unitary operator.
26. Compute A25 , if  
1 1 0
A = −1 1 2  .
2 1 −1
27. Show that if every non zero value is an eigen vector for an operator T
then T = αI for some α ∈ F.

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  
y1
y 
 2
28. Let X = (x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) and Y =  ..  , then show that chY X (λ) =
.
yn
λn−1 (λ − XY ).
29. Show that there is no real 3 × 3 matrix whose minimal polynomial is
x2 + 1, but there is a real 2 × 2 as well as 3 × 3 matrix with minimal
polynomial x2 + 1.
30. Let A and B be 5×5 matrices such that both have common eigen vectors.
Suppose that the minimal polynomial of A is (x−1)2 and B is nilpotent.
Then B 3 = 0.
31. Let u and v be two vectors in an IPS such that ||u + v|| = 8, ||u − v|| =
6, ||u|| = 1. What must be ||v||?
32. What is W ⊥ if W is a subspace of R4 given by
• W = {(a, b, c, d) | 2a + 3b + 5c + d = 0 & a + b + c = 0}
• W = ⟨(2, 1, 0, 2), (3, 1, 1, 1)⟩.
33. Find the orthogonal compliment of the subspace of Cn×n consisting of all
diagonal matrices, with the inner product given by ⟨A, B⟩ = tr(AB ∗ ).
34. Consider the matrix  
2 1
A= .
0 2
What is the geometric multiplicity of the eigenvalue λ = 2? Is A diago-
nalizable?
35. Let  
1 1
B= .
0 1
Determine if B n is diagonalizable for any integer n ≥ 1. Justify your
answer.
36. A matrix C is said to be diagonalizable if there exists a basis of eigen-
vectors for Rn . If a 3 × 3 matrix has one eigenvalue with algebraic mul-
tiplicity 3 and geometric multiplicity 2, can it be diagonalized? Explain
your reasoning.

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37. Given the matrix  
0 1
D= ,
0 0
determine if it can be diagonalized. If so, provide the diagonal form.
38. Let E be a 4 × 4 matrix with the characteristic polynomial given by

p(x) = (x − 3)3 (x − 2).

What can be concluded about the diagonalizability of E? Justify your

answer.
39. For the matrix  
2 1 0
F = 0 2 1 ,
0 0 2
determine the number of linearly independent eigenvectors and whether
the matrix is diagonalizable.
40. If a matrix G is similar to a diagonal matrix and has an eigenvalue λ = 0,
what can be said about the rank of G? Justify your response.
41. Consider the matrix  
1 1
H= .
0 1
If H is raised to a power, say H n , what is the form of the resulting
matrix for any integer n ≥ 1? Is H n diagonalizable for all n?
42. A 2 × 2 matrix has eigenvalues λ1 = 3 and λ2 = 3. If the eigenvec-
tors corresponding to λ1 and λ2 are linearly independent, is the matrix
diagonalizable? Explain your answer.
43. Let M be a 5 × 5 matrix having all entries equal to 1. Then

• Check whether M is diagonalizable or not.

• Find the characteristic and minimal polynomial of M .

44. Let T be an operator on a finite dimensional vector space V .

• Prove that the eigen space of T corresponding to λ is the same as
the eigen space of T −1 corresponding to λ−1 .
• Prove that if T is diagonalizable, then T −1 is also diagonalizable.

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45. Let T be a map on P2 (R) defined by

T (f (x)) = f (1) + f ′ (0)x + (f ′ (0) + f ′′ (0))x2 . Then

• Prove that T is linear.

• Check whether T diagonalizable or not.
• Find the eigen vectors of T .
46. Let A and B be two square matrices. Suppose AB is diagonalizable.
Then what can we say about the diagonalizability of BA when
• AB = BA
• AB ̸= BA
• Both A and B are invertible.
Justify your answer with proper arguments in each case.
47. Given the matrix  
5 4
A= ,
0 5
find the matrix P such that P −1 AP is diagonal, and determine the
necessary conditions for diagonalizability.
48. Let T : (V, < −, − >) −→ (V, < −, − >) be a linear operator such that
T (x) = 0. Show that T ∗ (x) = 0.
49. Let
0 −1
3
 
22
A =  0 1 0 ,
−1
2 0 32
Show that A is unitarily diagnolizable. Also find the matrix P such that
P ∗ AP is the diagonal matrix.
50. Let  
0 0 1
A = 1 0 0 ,
0 1 0
Show that A is diagnilizable over C. Is it diagnolizable over R.
51. Let T : V −→ V be a linear transformation such that T 2 − 5T + 6I = 0.
Determine all possible eigen vales of T .

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52. Let A and B be two square matrices such that det(A) ̸= 0. Then show
that AB and BA have same eigen values.
53. Let  
2 1 1
A = 1 2 1 ,
1 1 2
Show that A is unitarily diagnilizable over R. If possible find a matrix
B such that B 2 = A. Also compute A8 .
54. Show that all eigen values of A∗ A are real and it is unitarily diagnilizable.
55. Let A be a real matrix. Show that At A is similar to a diagonal matrix.
56. Show that every real symmetric matrix A can be expressed as A =
P DP t , where D is a diagonal matrix.
57. Let ⟨x, y⟩ = 3x1 y1 + 4x2 y2 be a function defined on R2 . Determine if
⟨·, ·⟩ is an inner product. Justify your answer by checking the properties
of inner products.
58. Consider the function ⟨x, y⟩ = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 + x3 y3 defined on R3 . Verify
whether this function satisfies the properties of an inner product.
59. Let ⟨x, y⟩ = x1 y1 + x22 y2 be defined on R2 . Check if this is an inner
product by verifying the inner product axioms.
60. Given the function ⟨x, y⟩ = x21 y1 + x2 y2 on R2 , determine whether it is
an inner product. Provide a detailed explanation.
61. Consider the standard inner product defined by ⟨x, y⟩ = x1 y1 + x2 y2 +
x3 y3 on R3 . Show that this is indeed an inner product by verifying the
properties: positivity, linearity in the first argument, and symmetry.
62. Let ⟨x, y⟩ = x1 y1 + 3x2 y2 + 2x3 y3 on R3 . Verify if this function satisfies
the conditions of an inner product.
63. Consider the mapping ⟨x, y⟩ = det(xyT ) for x, y ∈ Rn . Check if this
can be an inner product. Provide justification.
64. Let ⟨x, y⟩ = ni=1 x2i yi2 for x, y ∈ Rn . Determine if this definition satis-
P
fies the properties of an inner product.