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ProblemSet 02

This document outlines 19 problems related to matrices and systems of linear equations for Problem Set 2 of an advanced linear algebra course. The problems cover topics such as finding products of matrices, properties of matrices including invertibility and rank, solving systems of linear equations, and determining whether systems have solutions over different fields. Students are asked to prove various statements about matrices, find bases of solution spaces, and perform row reduction to determine matrix ranks.

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Soumya Ranjan Sahoo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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10 views

ProblemSet 02

This document outlines 19 problems related to matrices and systems of linear equations for Problem Set 2 of an advanced linear algebra course. The problems cover topics such as finding products of matrices, properties of matrices including invertibility and rank, solving systems of linear equations, and determining whether systems have solutions over different fields. Students are asked to prove various statements about matrices, find bases of solution spaces, and perform row reduction to determine matrix ranks.

Uploaded by

Soumya Ranjan Sahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 202 - Advanced Linear Algebra

Problem Set 2 (Matrices and System of Equations)


IIT Dharwad, Spring 2024
(1) Let D = diag (d1 , d2 , . . . , dn ). Let A = ( aij ) be an n × n matrix with entries in F. Find
DA and AD. When is D invertible?
(2) Let A be an m × n matrix and B an n × p matrix. Let Ai denote the ith row of A
and A j denote the jth column of A. Show that AB = ( AB1 , AB2 , . . . , AB p ) and AB =
( A1 B, A2 B, . . . , Am B)t .
(3) A square matrix A is called nilpotent if Ak = 0 for some positive integer k. Show that
if A is nilpotent, then I + A is invertible.  
2 3
(4) Find infinitely many matrices B such that BA = I2 where A = 1 2 . Show that
 

2 5
there is no matrix C such that AC = I3 . Here In denotes the identity matrix of order
n × n.
(5) Let A and B be square matrices. Let trace ( A) denote the trace of A which is the sum
of its diagonal entries. Show that for two n × n matrices A and B, trace ( A + B) =
trace ( A) + trace ( B) and trace ( AB) = trace ( BA). Show that if B is invertible, then
trace ( A) = trace ( BAB−1 ).
(6) Show that the inverse of a symmetric matrix is also symmetric.
(7) Find all 2 × 2 matrices A such that A2 = − I.
(8) Find all 2 × 2 matrices A such that A2 = 0.
(9) Show that if A3 − A + I = 0, then A is invertible.
(10) Test for for solvability of the following systems of equations, and if solvable, find all
the solutions:
(a)
x1 + x2 + x3 =8
x1 + x2 + x4 =1
x1 + x3 + x4 = 14
x2 + x3 + x4 = 14

(b)
x1 +2x2 +4x3 =1
2x1 + x2 +5x3 =0
3x1 − x2 +5x3 =0
(11) For what values of a does the following system of equations have a solution?

3x1 − x2 ax3 =1
3x1 − x2 + x3 =5

(12) Show that a system of homogeneous linear equations in n unknowns has a nontrivial
solution if and only if the coefficient matrix has rank less than n.
1
2

(13) Find a basis of the solution space of the system:


3x1 − x2 x4 = 0
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0
(14) Find a point in R3 where the line joining the points (1, −1, 0) and (−2, 1, 1) pierces the
plane 3x1 − x2 + x3 − 1 = 0.
(15) Using row and columns operations find the rank of the matrix
 
1 2 −3
 −1 −2 3 
 
8 −12
 
 4
1 −1 5
(16) Find the rank of an upper triangular matrix in terms of the diagonal entries.
(17) Let A be an m × n matrix and B be an n × r matrix.
(a) Show that the columns of AB are linear combinations of the columns of A. Hence
prove that rank( AB) ≤ rank( A).
(b) Using ( a) and the fact that rank of a matrix and its transpose are equal, prove that
rank( AB) ≤ rank( B).
(18) Let A be an m × n matrix with coefficients in R and let A1 , . . . , An be column vectors
of A. Assume that A1 , . . . , An are linearly independent over R. Show that they are
linearly independent over C.
(19) Consider a homogeneous system of equations AX = 0 where A is an m × n matrix
with coefficients in R. If this system has a non-trivial solution in C, show that it has a
non-trivial solution in R.

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