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Assignment-SetD ODE

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14 views

Assignment-SetD ODE

Uploaded by

sridoesmath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ordinary Differential Equations

Dr. Subhra Bhattacharya


Department of Mathematics
Presidency University

Problem Set D
d
1. Solve the following equations: (D ≡ dx
)
(a) (D2 − 1)y = x sin x + (1 + x2 )ex
(b) (D2 − 2D + 1)y = x2 e3x
(c) (D3 − 7D − 6)y = (x + 1)e2x
(d) (D − 1)2 (D2 + 1)2 y = sin2 x
2
+ ex + x
(e) (D2 + 1)y = x cos 2x
(f) (D2 − 1)y = xex + cos2 x

2. Use the method of undetermined coefficients to solve the following:


(a) y ′′ + 4y = x2 sin 2x
(b) y ′′ − 4y ′ + 4y = xe2x (x2 + 1)
(c) y ′′ + y = 2 cos x
(d) y ′′ + 3y ′ + 2y = cos x + x2
(e) y ′′ − 2y ′ = ex sin x
(f) (D2 − 6D + 9)y = x2 e3x
(g) (D2 − 3D + 2)y = sin 2x
(h) (D3 − 3D2 + 2D)y = x2 ex
(i) (D2 − 2D − 3)y = 2ex − 10 sin x
(j) (D3 − D2 + 4D − 4)y = sin 3x
Check the answers by finding the particular integrals using operator method (f (D)
method).

3. Find particular solutions of:


(a) y ′′ − 4y ′ = 5y = xe−x , y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 0.
(b) y ′′ + 2y ′ + 10y + 37 sin 3x = 0, y(0) = 3, y ′ (0) = 0.
(c) y ′′ + y = cos 2x, y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 1.
2
4. If ddt2x + gb (x − a) = 0, a, b, g being constants and if x, 0) = a0 , ( dx
dt
, 0) = 0, then show
pg
that: x = a + (a0 − a) cos(t b ).

5. Solve the following Euler-Cauchy equations:


(a) (3x + 2)2 y ′′ + 5(3x + 2)y ′ − 3y = x2 + x + 1
(b) x2 y ′′ + 2xy ′ + 3y = 0, y(1) = 1, y ′ (1) = −5
(c) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ − 4y = x4
(d) x3 y ′′′ + 2x2 y ′′ + 2y = 10 x + 1

x

(e) x2 y ′′ + 5xy ′ + 4y = x4
(f) x2 y ′′ + 2xy ′ = log x
(g) x2 y ′′ + 4xy ′ + 2y = x + sin x
(h) x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ + 2y = (log x)2 − log x2
(i) (2x + 1)2 y ′′ − 6(2x + 1)y ′ + 16y = 8(2x + 1)2 , y(0) = 0, y ′ (0) = 2
(j) [(1 + x)2 D2 + (1 + x)D + 1] y = 4 cos[log(1 + x)]

6. Find particular integrals by the method of variation of parameters:


(a) y ′′ + 2y ′ + y = x−2 e−x
(b) x2 y ′′ + xy ′ − y = x2 ex
(c) y ′′ − y = 2
1+ex

(d) y ′′ + a2 y = tan ax
(e) x2 y ′′ − 3xy ′ + 3y = 2x4 ex
(f) y ′′ − 2y ′ + y = 2x
(g) y ′′ − y ′ − 6y = e−x

7. Given that sin x and cos x are two linearly independent solutions of the complementary
function, find the particular integral using variation of parameters for (1 − x2 )y ′′ −
4xy ′ − (1 + x2 )y = x.

8. If sin x − cos x and ex are the integrals in the complementary function, then find the
particular integral of y ′′ + (1 − cot x)y ′ − y cot x = sin2 x.

9. If y1 and y2 be particular solutions of y ′′ + p(x)y ′ + q(x)y = R1 (x) and y ′′ + p(x)y ′ +


q(x)y = R2 (x) respectively, then y1 +y2 is a particular solution of y ′′ +p(x)y ′ +q(x)y =
R1 (x) + R2 (x). This is called the “principle of superposition”. Use this to find the
solution of y ′′ + 4y = 4 cos 2x + 6 cos x + 8x2 − 4x.

10. Solve the ODE: (1 − x)y ′′ + xy ′ − y = (1 − x)2 (Hint: Use reduction of order).

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11. Given that y = x is a solution of x2 y ′′ − x(x + 2)y ′ + (x + 2)y = 0, reduce the equation
x2 y ′′ − x(x + 2)y ′ + (x + 2)y = x3 to a first order ODE and hence find its complete
solution.

12. Solve the following ODE: xy ′ − y = (x − 1)(y ′′ − x + 1), x > 1.

13. Solve the following equations:


(a) (1 − x2 )y ′′ + xy ′ − y = x(1 − x2 )3/2
(b) xy ′′ − y ′ + (1 − x)y = x2 e−x

14. Solve the following equations:


(a) sin2 xy ′′ = 2y, given that y = cot x is a solution.
(b) y ′′ − 2 tan xy ′ + 3y = 2 sec x given that y = sec x is a solution of the homogeneous
equation.

15. Solve by reducing to normal form:


2
(a) y ′′ − 4xy ′ + (4x2 − 1)y = −3ex sin 2x
(b) y ′′ − 2 tan xy ′ + 5y = ex sec x
(c) y ′′ + x2 y ′ + n2 y = 0
(d) d
dx
(cos2 xy ′ ) + y cos2 x = 0
(e) x2 y ′′ − 2x(3x − 2)y ′ + 3x(3x − 4)y = e3x

16. Solve by changing independent variable:


(a) y ′′ + x3 y ′ + 9
x6
y = 1
x8
, x ̸= 0.
(b) (1 + x)2 y ′′ + (1 + x)y ′ + y = 4 cos(log(1 + x))
(c) (x3 − x)y ′′ + y ′′ + y ′ + n2 x3 y = 0
(d) x4 y ′′ + 2x3 y ′ + n2 y = 0
(e) y ′′ − x2 y ′ + (1 + 2
x2
)y = xex
d2 x
17. A particle moves in a straight line in accordance with the law: dt2
+ 10 dx
dt
+ 16x = 0
with x = 1 ft at t = 0 and v = dx
dt
= 4 ft/sec at t = 0.
(a) Find the equation of motion (Solution).
(b) Is the motion oscillatory?
(c) What is the maximum value of x? When does x attain its maximum value?
d2 x
18. A particle moves in a straight line as per the law: dt2
+ 4 dx
dt
+ 13x = 0 such that at
t = 0, x = 0, v = 12 ft/s.

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(a) Solve the equation for x as a function of t.
(b) What is the damping factor, damped amplitude, damped period and frequency?
(c) Find the time required for the damped amplitude to decrease by half?
√
Hint: In a general solution of the type x = Ce−rt sin( w2 − r2 t+δ) r > 0, the damped
amplitude is identified as Ce−rt , with damping factor e−rt , the damped frequency is
√
w2 −r2
2π
and the damped time period is inverse of the frequency.

19. The oscillatory motion of a spring is given by: y ′′ +2ay ′ +by = 0, a2 < b It is observed
that the damping factor is reduced by 80% in 10 seconds and its damped period is 2
seconds. Find a and b. (Hint: Since the motion is oscillatory the roots of the auxiliary
equation m2 + 2am + b = 0 are complex conjugates, hence the solution can be written
√
as x = Ce−rt sin( w2 − r2 t + δ))

20. Solve the following equations:


(a) y ′′ + [f (x) − 1]y ′ − f (x)y = 0
(b) y ′′ + xf (x)y ′ − f (x)y = 0

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