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Detailed HAP Load Calculation Fixed

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Kamran Tasadogh
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124 views

Detailed HAP Load Calculation Fixed

Uploaded by

Kamran Tasadogh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detailed Guide to Cooling, Heating, and Fresh Air Load Calculations

1. Cooling Load Calculation

Cooling load involves calculating the heat gain from various sources, which is then removed to

maintain a desired indoor temperature. Key components include:

- Sensible Heat: Heat from walls, roofs, windows, and internal equipment.

- Latent Heat: Heat from moisture due to occupants or infiltration.

- Solar Heat Gain: Sunlight entering through windows or skylights.

Steps to calculate cooling load:

1. Define the space dimensions and layout.

2. Input external heat gains (walls, windows, roofs).

- Use ASHRAE tables for U-values (thermal transmittance).

- Calculate Q = U x A x Delta T for each surface.

3. Input internal heat gains (occupants, lighting, equipment).

- Use standard values for heat gain per occupant and wattage for lighting.

4. Include ventilation and infiltration loads.

- Calculate fresh air requirements based on standards like ASHRAE 62.1.

- Q_vent = 1.08 x CFM x Delta T (sensible) + 0.68 x CFM x Delta W (latent).

5. Sum all components to determine total cooling load.

2. Heating Load Calculation

Heating load calculation focuses on heat loss through building envelopes and the energy required to

maintain desired indoor temperatures.

Steps to calculate heating load:

1. Input thermal characteristics of walls, windows, and roofs.


- Calculate Q = U x A x Delta T for each surface.

2. Include infiltration heat loss.

- Use the formula Q_infil = CFM x 1.08 x Delta T.

3. Sum up all components to determine total heating load.

4. Account for additional losses, such as uninsulated pipes or ducts.

3. Fresh Air Load Calculation

Fresh air load depends on the ventilation requirements, typically calculated per ASHRAE 62.1 or

local standards.

Steps:

1. Determine ventilation rate based on occupancy type (e.g., office, residential).

- Example: For an office, 15-20 CFM per person.

2. Calculate sensible and latent loads for fresh air.

- Sensible Load: Q_sensible = 1.08 x CFM x Delta T.

- Latent Load: Q_latent = 0.68 x CFM x Delta W.

(Delta T = Temperature difference, Delta W = Humidity ratio difference.)

3. Add these to the total cooling or heating load.

4. Advanced Load Components

- Infiltration: Account for air leakage through doors, windows, and cracks.

- Solar Gains: Use shading coefficients for windows to reduce load.

- Heat Recovery: Incorporate energy recovery systems to minimize fresh air impact.

5. Practical Example

Example:

Consider a 1000 sq.ft. office with 10 occupants:

1. Calculate external heat gain (walls, windows, roof).


2. Add internal gains (occupants: 400 BTU/hr each, lighting: 2 W/sq.ft.).

3. Determine fresh air load for 20 CFM/person.

- Q_sensible = 1.08 x (20 x 10) x 20 = 4,320 BTU/hr.

- Q_latent = 0.68 x (20 x 10) x 0.005 = 68 BTU/hr.

4. Sum up for total load: Cooling = External + Internal + Fresh Air.

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