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    Overview of Boiler

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    Nick Ipali

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    Overview of Boiler

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    Nick Ipali
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    Overview Of Boiler

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    1 views9 pages

    Overview of Boiler

    Uploaded by

    Nick Ipali

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Overview Of Boiler

    A steam boiler, also known as a steam generator, is a closed


    container designed to heat water until it vaporizes and transforms into
    steam at a pressure that exceeds atmospheric pressure. It is the
    largest and most crucial component of a thermal power plant. As
    defined by the IBR Act 1923 (Indian Boiler Regulation), a steam boiler
    refers to any closed vessel with a capacity greater than 22.75 liters,
    which is used exclusively for generating steam under pressure.

    Some Important Terminologies Used For


    Boilers
    To fully understand boilers, it is important to be familiar with some key
    terminologies commonly used in their context. This article will
    introduce and explain these important terminologies.

     Boiler shell: A hollow cylindrical body made up of steel plates


    riveted or welded together.
     Furnace: The part of the boiler where fuel is burned to produce
    heat that generates steam.
     Grate: A space where fuel is burnt, consisting of cast-iron bars
    with spaces in between for airflow and ash disposal. Grates can
    be circular or rectangular.
     Grate area: The surface area of the grate on which fuel burns,
    measured in square meters.
     Heating surface: The boiler surface exposed to hot gases on one
    side and water on the other.
     Water space and steam space: The volume of the boiler
    occupied by water is the water space, while the remaining space
    used for storing steam is the steam space.
     Flue gases: Hot gases produced by fuel combustion in the
    furnace, containing water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2),
    carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (N2), and complete/incomplete
    products of fuel combustion.
    Classifications Of Types Of Boiler
    There is a large number of boiler designs, but they may be classified
    according to 7 of the following ways:

    According To The Circulation Of Gases


     Fire-tube boiler
     Water-tube boiler
    Fire-Tube Boiler

    Fire tube boilers are a type of boiler where the hot gases generated by
    fuel combustion in the furnace pass through a series of tubes, known
    as smoke or fuel tubes, immersed in water before being released
    through the chimney. Heat is transferred from the hot gases to water
    through the tube walls. Some examples of fire tube boilers include the
    Cochran boiler, locomotive boiler, and others. Fire tube boilers are
    also referred to as smoke tube boilers.
    Water-Tube Boiler

    Water-tube boilers are a type of boiler where water circulates through


    a series of tubes, known as water tubes, while the hot gases
    generated by fuel combustion in the furnace pass around them on
    their way to the chimney. The heat from the hot gases is transferred to
    the water through the tube walls. Some examples of water-tube
    boilers include the Babcock and Wilcox boiler, the Benson boiler, and
    others.

    According To Circulation Of Water


     Free circulation
     Forced circulation
    Free Circulation

    In any water heating vessel, heat is transferred from one point to


    another via convection, rather than conduction, because water is a
    poor conductor of heat.

    If a vessel containing water is heated from the bottom, the water in the
    lower portion will become less dense as it heats up, compared to the
    water in the upper portion. The less dense water rises to the top of the
    vessel, while the comparatively denser and cooler water from the
    upper portion of the vessel descends to take its place. This creates a
    convection current in the water, which continues until the temperature
    of all the water becomes the same. This method of water circulation is
    known as free circulation, and it occurs in boilers such as the
    Lancashire, Babcock, and Wilcox, among others.

    Advantages of free circulation

     Free circulation of water is essential for maintaining a uniform


    temperature throughout the boiler and preventing unequal
    expansion of different parts of the boiler.
     Free circulation of water also enables steam to escape quickly
    from the heating surface as soon as it is formed.
     If steam does not escape promptly after it forms, the boilerplates
    may become overheated because they are not constantly in
    contact with water.
    Forced Circulation

    Forced circulation is a method of water circulation in which pumps are


    utilized to maintain a continuous flow of water in the boiler. This type
    of circulation occurs as a result of the pressure created by the pump.

    Forced circulation systems are generally used in high-pressure, high-


    capacity water-tube boilers.

    Advantages of forced circulation

     Higher rate of heat transfer from flue gases to water


     Use of tubes with smaller diameters, reducing overall weight of
    the boiler
     Fewer boiler drums required
     Reduced scale formation
     Quick steam generation
     Easy management of load fluctuations without complicated
    control devices
     Minimal chance of overheating boiler plates
     Less weight per unit mass of steam generated
    According To The Number Of Tubes
     Single tube boiler
     Multi-tube boiler
    Single Tube Boiler

    The Cornish boiler is a type of boiler that is characterized as a single


    tumbler boiler due to the presence of only one flue tube in it.

    Multi-Tube Boiler

    The Cochran boiler can be classified as a multi-tube boiler due to the


    presence of multiple flue tubes within its structure.

    According To The Nature Of Use


     Stationary boilers
     locomotive boilers
     Marine boilers.
    Stationary boilers: Stationary boilers are employed for the production
    of thermal power and for various industrial processes, such as in the
    chemical, paper, and textile industries.

    Locomotive boilers: Boilers used in locomotive steam engines are


    called locomotive boilers.

    Marine boilers: Boilers used in steamships are called marine boilers.

    According To The Nature Of The Fuel Used By The Boiler


     Fuel-fired
     Gas fired
     Liquid fuel fired
     Electrically fired
     Nuclear fired
    According To The Pressure Of The Boiler:
     High-pressure boiler
     Medium-pressure boiler
     Low-pressure boiler
    High-pressure boiler: The pressure of the boiler above 80 bar.

    Medium-pressure boiler: It has a working pressure of steam from 20


    bar to 80 bar. It is used for power generation or process heating.

    Low-pressure boiler: This type of boiler produces steam at 15-20 bar


    pressure. This is used for process heating.

    According To The Position Of The Axis Of The Boiler Shell


     Vertical boiler
     Horizontal boiler
    Vertical boiler: If the boiler axis is vertical, it is called a vertical boiler.
    For example, Cochran boiler.

    Horizontal boiler: If the boiler axis is horizontal, it is called a horizontal


    boiler. For example, Lancashire boiler. So this are the classifications
    of the Boiler, now see the schematic diagram of a Boilers.

    Schematic Diagram Of Various Types Of


    Boilers
    Fire Tube Boiler Schematic Diagram

    Water tube
    Three Types Of Fuel Used In Boiler
    It is c ategoriz ed in thr ee mai n types whic h are as foll ows

    Solid Fuels: Wood, Coal, Briquettes (a block of compressed coal dust


    ), Pet Coke, Rice Husk.

    Liquid Fuels: LDO (Light Diesel Oil), Furnace oil.

    Gaseous Fuels: LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas), LNG (Liquified


    Natural Gas), PNG (Piped Natural Gas) can be used to carry out the
    combustion for a specific purpose.

    The Necessity Of Boiler


     Boilers serve as the central heating mechanism in industrial or
    residential settings.
     Boilers operate with the same basic mechanisms that work
    together to create a heat-generating combustion process.
     Boilers use natural gas from gas lines to fuel the combustion
    process for heat distribution in buildings.
     The burner initiates the combustion process, and heat moves
    through the system using pumps, radiators, and heat
    exchangers.
     Boiler manufacturers employ rapidly improving technology to
    build cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and powerful equipment.
     Share your thoughts in the comments and help us grow by
    sharing this article on social media.
    Applications Of Boiler
     Operating steam engines
     Operating steam turbines
     Operating reciprocating pumps
     Industrial process work in chemical engineering
     Producing hot water for room heating in very cold areas
     Generating power in thermal power stations
     Steam is suitable for process heating in various industries such
    as sugar mills, textile mills, dairy industry, and chemical
    industries due to its high heat content.

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