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    26 Chapter 3 (X - 86 Family)

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    nmright31

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    26 Chapter 3 (X - 86 Family)

    Uploaded by

    nmright31
    2 views24 pages

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    26 Chapter 3 ( X- 86 Family )

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views24 pages

    26 Chapter 3 (X - 86 Family)

    Uploaded by

    nmright31

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    CHAPTER - 3

    INTRODUCTION
    TO
    X – 86 FAMILY
    BLOCK DIAGRAM

    OF

    8086

    MICROPROCESSOR
    BUS INTERFACE UNIT ( BIU)
    1. QUEUE

    2. SEGMENT REGISTERS

    3. INSTRUCTION POINTER
    QUEUE

    Stores them
    Speeds up Fetches 6
    in the FIFO
    program bytes of
    register to be
    execution instruction
    used by
    ahead of time
    Execution
    Unit (E.U.)
    SEGMENT REGISTERS
    Four 16 – bit segment registers are used
    to store the starting address of memory
    segment.
    The four segment registers are:
    1.Extra Segment ( E.S. )
    2.Code Segment ( C.S. )
    3.Stack Segment ( S.S. )
    4.Data Segment ( D.S. )
    INSTRUCTION POINTER ( I.P. )
    • Code segment contains starting
    address of segment having code
    bytes

    • Instruction Pointer holds the


    address of the next code byte within
    the code segment.
    EXECUTION UNIT ( E.U. )
    1.Flag Register - 8086 has 16 – bit flag register with 9
    active flags.

    2.General Purpose Registers - 8086 has 8


    general purpose registers.

    3.Stack Pointer - 16 – bit starting address of stack is


    stored in SP.
    8086 allows 64 KB of RAM as stack.
    FLAG REGISTER OF
    16 – BIT VERSION
    OF
    X – 86 FAMILY
    16 – BIT FLAG REGISTER OF X – 86 FAMILY

    D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0


    FLAG REGISTER OF
    32 – BIT VERSION
    OF
    X – 86 FAMILY
    32 – BIT FLAG REGISTER OF X – 86 FAMILY
    PROGRAMMING MODEL

    OF 16 – BIT

    VERSION OF

    X – 86 FAMILY
    Programming Model of 8085 Microprocessor
    PROGRAMMING MODEL

    OF 32 – BIT

    VERSION OF

    X – 86 FAMILY
    SERIES

    OF

    MICROPROCESSORS IN

    X – 86 FAMILY
    SERIES INTRODUCED ADDRESS DATA MEMORY FEATURES
    BY INTEL IN BUS BUS CAPACITY
    THE YEAR
    8086 1978 20 - BIT 16 - BIT 1 MB •Supports Multiplication
    and Division operations.
    80286 1982 24 - BIT 16 - BIT REAL : 1 MB •Works in Real and
    PROTECTED : Protected modes.
    16 MB • IBM made PC/AT using
    80286.

    80386 1985 32 – BIT 32 - BIT 4 GB • Operates in Paged & Non-


    (NON – Paged modes.
    MULTIPLEXED)
    • It has a Non – Multiplexed
    Address Bus.
    80486 1989 32 - BIT 32 - BIT 4 GB • It has Built-in : Math Co-
    processor ; M.M.U. ; 8 KB
    Cache Memory.
    • It has SX and DX versions.
    • It has DX2 and DX4 version
    80586 1993 32 - BIT 64 - BIT 4 GB • Dual Pipelining
    • Branch Prediction
    • On-Chip caches
    • 64 – bit Data Bus
    MAIN FEATURES OF PENTIUM PROCESSOR

    1) DUAL PIPELINING – Use of super scalar architecture which allows


    the Pentium processor to process more than one instruction per
    clock cycle.

    2) BRANCH PREDICTION – The Pentium processor makes an


    educated guess as to where the next instruction will be following
    a conditional instruction.

    3) ON CHIP CACHES – The Data and Code On-Chip Caches increase


    the processing speed of the Pentium processor.

    4) 64 – BIT DATA BUS – The 64 –bit Data Bus will increase the
    processing speed of the Pentium processor as it will have twice
    the speed of a 32 – bit processor.
    Important Board
    Exam Questions for
    Chapter 3
    Q1. Draw the flag register of the 16-bit
    version of X-86 microprocessor.
    Q2. Draw the flag register of the 32-bit
    version of X-86 microprocessor.
    Q3. Explain the programming model
    of 16-bit version of X-86 family.

    Q4. Explain the programming model


    of 32-bit version of X-86 family.
    Q5. Explain the various series in the
    X-86 family of microprocessors.

    Q6. Explain the four important


    features of the Pentium processor.

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