Lyan badr alharbi nada Masad almutairi Tala Mohammed Angawi Weam Naif alhunete Shahad Darwish Alzubaidi Definition Cholera is a bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water. Cholera causes diarrhea and severe dehydration. If untreated, it can be fatal within hours, even in previously healthy people.
Cholera has been virtually eliminated in
industrialized countries by modern sanitation and water treatment. But cholera still exists in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Haiti. The risk of cholera increases when poverty, war or natural disasters force people to live in crowded conditions without adequate sanitation facilities. Risk factors Poor sanitary facilities. Cholera is Low or no stomach acid. Cholera bacteria more likely to thrive in situations cannot survive in an acidic environment, where it is difficult to maintain a and normal stomach acid usually acts as a line of defense against infection. However, healthy environment, including a safe people with low levels of stomach acid, such water supply. These situations are as children, older adults, and people who common in refugee camps, poor take antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump countries, and areas where there is inhibitors, lack this protection, so they are famine, war, or natural disasters. more susceptible to cholera.
Type O blood. For reasons that are
Household infection. You are not entirely clear, people with type O more likely to get cholera if you blood are twice as likely to develop live with someone who has the cholera as people with other blood disease. types. The reasons Contaminated water sources are the main source of cholera infection. Bacteria may be found in:
Soil surface or well water. Raw fruits and vegetables. Raw,
Contaminated public wells are unpeeled fruits and vegetables are a frequent sources of large-scale frequent source of cholera infection in cholera outbreaks. People living in areas where cholera is present. In crowded conditions without proper developing countries, fertilizers or sanitation facilities are particularly irrigation water containing raw sewage at risk. can contaminate vegetables and fruits in the field.
sea food. Eating raw or
undercooked shellfish, especially Cereals. In areas where cholera is shellfish that comes from certain widespread, grains such as rice and places, can expose you to cholera millet that are contaminated after bacteria. The most recent case of cooking and kept at room cholera in the United States has temperature for several hours can been traced to seafood from the grow cholera bacteria. Gulf of Mexico. Types Cholera belongs to the numerous Vibrio family, which can be divided into two groups:
The first is not pathogenic The second, the nurse They differ from group, has known types, each other in their the most important of specific type. which are four groups: Vibrios are not the Ogawa group, the resistant to the Apata group, the external Hekojima group, and environment and the Burroughs group, do not live long and there is a special outside the body group, which is the Tor except in special group. conditions. s. • diarrhea. Cholera diarrhea occurs suddenly and may cause a significant loss of body fluids — up to a quart (about 1 liter) per hour. Diarrhea caused by cholera usually looks pale, milky and resembles rice water.
• Nausea and vomiting. Vomiting occurs in
the early stages of cholera and can last for hours.
Symptoms • Drought. Dehydration occurs hours after
cholera symptoms appear and its severity ranges from mild to severe. Loss of 10% or more of body weight means severe dehydration.
• Signs and symptoms of dehydration due to
cholera include irritability, fatigue, sunken eyes, dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry and wilting skin that when pinched slowly returns to its original position, little or no urination, low blood pressure, and abnormal heart rhythms. Treatment The goal is to replace lost fluids and electrolytes with a simple fluid replacement solution known as oral rehydration salts (ORS). Oral rehydration salts solution is available in powder form that can be prepared with boiled or bottled water. Without fluid replacement, about half of people infected with cholera die.
