CSE 1203 (Object-oriented Programming)

Chapter 2
Classes & Objects in OOP
Class in OOP
What is a class?

Vehicle -> is a class University -> is a class

Car -> is object RUET -> is object
bus -> is object BUET -> is object
Truck -> is object Cambridge -> is object
 Define a Class Type
Header class Rectangle
class class_name {
{ private:
permission_label:
int width;
member;
int length;
Body permission_label:
member; public:
... void set(int w, int l);
}; int area();
};
public - members are accessible from outside the class.
private - members cannot be accessed (or viewed) from outside the class. 3
Class in OOP: C++ example
#include <iostream> Question:
using namespace std; 1. What happens if private keyword is replaced by public?
2. What happens if public keyword is replaced by private?
class Rectangle{
private:
int height;
int width;
Data & Member Functions
public:
void SetData(int h,int w){
height=h;
width=w;
}
void Display(){
cout<<"Height="<<height<<" Weight="<<width;
}
};
int main()
{
Rectangle r1,r2;
r1.SetData(3,4);
r1.Display();
return 0;
}
Class in OOP: Data & Member Function
Data & Member Functions Example

Member Functions inside the Class

Class in OOP: Data & Member Function
Member Functions outside the Class Example

Scope resolution operator

Class in OOP: Setters & Getters
• Setters allow for a private variable to be modified.
• Getters give public access to private data.

Example: setters() Example: getters()

Write a complete C++ program

using these setters and getters
Class in OOP: Access Control
Access Specifiesrs public specifier

public specifier: Example

Class in OOP: Access Control
private specifier private specifier: Example

protected specifier protected specifier: Example

Class in OOP: Constructors
What is a constructor? Constructor: Initializaton

• constructor has no return type

Example
Class in OOP: Destructors
What is a destructor? Destructor: C++ Program
class Test{
public:
Test(){
cout<<"Constructor is called"<<endl;
}
~Test(){
cout<<"Destructor is called"<<endl;
}
};
void CreateObj(){
Example Test t1,t2;
cout<<"Inside the CreateObj()"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
CreateObj();
return 0;
}
Class in OOP: Class in Different File
What is a destructor? reg.h
#include <iostream> class Circle{
#include "reg.h“ private:
int r;
using namespace std; public:
void SetRadius(int x){
int main(){ r=x;
Circle c1; }
c1.SetRadius(3); float GetArea(){
cout<<c1.GetArea(); return(3.14*r*r);
} }
};
Class in OOP: static Data Member
What is a static data member? // This program counts no. of objects
#include <iostream>
Static data members are class members that are declared using namespace std;
using static keywords. A static member has certain class Base{
special characteristics which are as follows: int x;
static int y;
• Only one copy of that member is created for the public:
entire class and is shared by all the objects of that Base(int X){
class, no matter how many objects are created. x=X;
• It is initialized before any object of this class is y++;
created, even before the main starts. }
• It is visible only within the class, but its lifetime is the static int getY(){ return y;}
entire program. };
• The value must be initialized outside the class int Base::y=0;
• The getter function must be static int main()
Syntax: {
Base c1(10),c2(20);
static data_type data_member_name; cout<<Base::getY();
return 0;
}
Class in OOP: Passing Object as Parameter
Example Contd..
#include <iostream> int main()
using namespace std; {
Ball b1(130),b2(140);
class Ball{
b1.AvgSpeed(&b2);
private:
int s; return 0;
public: }
Ball(){}
Ball(int x){ b
s=x;
} s=130 s=140
void AvgSpeed(Ball *b){
cout<<(s+b->s)/2;
}
};
b1 b2
Class in OOP: Object as Function Return
Example Contd..
#include <iostream> int main()
using namespace std; {
class Ball{ Ball b1(130),b2(140);
private: Ball k;
float s; k=b1.AvgSpeed(&b2);
public: cout<<k.GetSpeed()/2;
Ball(){} return 0;
Ball(int x){ }
s=x;
}
float GetSpeed (){ s=130 s=140 s=170 s=170
return s;
}
Ball AvgSpeed(Ball *b){
Ball t;
t.s=s+b->s; b1 b2 t k
return(t); b
}
};
Class in OOP: Copy Constructor
What is a Copy Constructor?
A copy constructor is a member function that initializes an object using another object of the same
class. In simple terms, a constructor which creates an object by initializing it with an object of the same
class, which has been created previously is known as a copy constructor.
Copy constructor is used to initialize the members of a newly created object by copying the members of
an already existing object.

Copy constructor takes a reference to an object of the same class as an argument.

Sample(Sample &t) { int main() { int id

id=t.id; Sample s1(100);
} Sample s2(s1);
In Sample class }
In main()( Sample Class
Class in OOP: Copy Constructor Example
Example Contd..
#include <iostream> int main()
using namespace std; {
Ball b1(150); Copy constructor
class Ball{ Ball b2(&b1);
b2(b1);
private: cout<<b2.GetSpeed();
float s; return 0;
public: }
Ball(){}
Ball(int x){
s=x;
}
Copy constructor
s=150 s=150
Ball(Ball &b){
s=b.s;
}
float GetSpeed (){
return s; b1 b2
} b
};
Class in OOP: const Member Function
const member function
declaration
return_type func_name (para_list) const;
definition
return_type func_name (para_list) const { … }
return_type class_name :: func_name (para_list) const { … }
• Makes no modification about the data members
(safe function)
• It is illegal for a const member function to
modify a class data member
Class in OOP: const Member Function
class Base{
mutable int x;
public: function declaration
void setX(int a){ x=a;}
int getX()const {
x++;
return x;} Data Member can't be changed

};

To make const function executable making data member mutable

Class in OOP: static Member Function
• static member function
– Static member function can contain only static data
member
– Non-static Static member function can contain both static
and non-static data member
– Static function can run using
<classname>::<static function()
Class in OOP: static Member Function
class Base{ int main()
int x; {
static int y; Base c1(10),c2(20);
public:
Base(int X){ cout<<Base::getY();
x=X; return 0;
y++; }
}
static int getY(){ return y;}
}; Static method can be called
by class name with scope
int Base::y=0; resolution
Class in OOP: friend Member Function
Class in OOP: friend Function Example_01
#include <iostream> int main()
using namespace std; {
Test p(10);
class Test{ show(p);
private: return 0;
int n; }
public:
Test(int x){
n=x;
}
friend void show(Test t);
};
void show(Test t){
cout<<"n="<<t.n;
}
Class in OOP: friend Function Example_02
#include <iostream> class B{ int main()
using namespace std; private: {
int n; A oa(10);
class B; //forwrad declaration public: B ob(20);
class A{ B(int x){ Add(oa,ob);
private: n=x; return 0;
int n; } }
public: friend void Add(A,B);
A(int x){ };
n=x; void Add(A a,B b){
} cout<<"Sum="<<a.n+b.n;
friend void Add(A,B); }
};
Here private members of different classes are added
using friend function
Introduction to OOP

End