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JavaScript Basics

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14 views

JavaScript Basics

Uploaded by

pranshusahu862
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JavaScript Basics

JavaScript is a versatile, high-level programming language primarily used for

creating interactive web pages.

It is one of the core technologies of the web, alongside HTML and CSS.

JavaScript enables developers to add

dynamic features to websites, such as animations, form validation, and

interactivity.

JavaScript is executed on the client side by web browsers, making it fast and

efficient. Additionally, modern

JavaScript can be used for server-side development using environments like

Node.js. Its wide range of

applications and ease of use make it a popular choice among developers

worldwide.
JavaScript offers several features that make it powerful and user-friendly:

1. Lightweight: Designed for efficient execution in browsers.

2. Cross-Platform: Runs on all major operating systems and devices.

3. Versatile: Used for front-end, back-end, and mobile app development.

4. Event-Driven: Handles user interactions effectively through events.

5. Object-Oriented: Supports object-oriented programming principles.

6. Asynchronous: Handles tasks efficiently using promises and async/await.

These features contribute to JavaScript's widespread adoption in the

development community.
In JavaScript, variables are used to store data. You can declare variables using

`var`, `let`, or `const`.

Data Types:

1. Primitive Types:

- String: Represents text, e.g., "Hello, World!"

- Number: Represents numeric values, e.g., 42

- Boolean: Represents true or false

- Undefined: Variable declared but not assigned

- Null: Represents an intentional absence of value

2. Non-Primitive Types:

- Object: Represents collections of properties

- Array: Represents ordered lists of values

Understanding these data types is crucial for effective JavaScript

programming.
JavaScript provides a variety of operators for performing computations and

logical operations.

1. Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %, ** (exponentiation)

2. Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=

3. Comparison Operators: ==, ===, !=, !==, >, <, >=, <=

4. Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

5. Bitwise Operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>, >>>

Using these operators, you can manipulate data and create complex logical

expressions.
Control structures in JavaScript allow you to determine the flow of execution.

1. Conditional Statements:

- if, else if, else: Execute code based on conditions.

- switch: Evaluate expressions and execute matching cases.

2. Loops:

- for: Iterate over a block of code a fixed number of times.

- while: Execute code while a condition is true.

- do...while: Execute code at least once before checking the condition.

3. Exception Handling:

- try, catch, finally: Handle errors gracefully.


Functions are blocks of reusable code that perform specific tasks. You can

declare functions using:

1. Function Declaration:

function greet() {

console.log("Hello, World!");

2. Function Expression:

const greet = function() {

console.log("Hello, World!");

};

3. Arrow Functions:

const greet = () => console.log("Hello, World!");

Functions can accept parameters and return values, making them highly

flexible.
Objects and arrays are fundamental in JavaScript for organizing data.

1. Objects:

- Represent key-value pairs.

- Example:

const person = {

name: "Alice",

age: 25,

greet: function() {

console.log("Hello!");

};

2. Arrays:

- Represent ordered lists of values.

- Example:

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

You can manipulate objects and arrays using built-in methods.


The Document Object Model (DOM) represents the structure of a web page,

enabling JavaScript to interact with it.

1. Selecting Elements:

- document.getElementById("id")

- document.querySelector(".class")

2. Modifying Elements:

- element.textContent = "New Text";

- element.style.color = "blue";

3. Adding Event Listeners:

element.addEventListener("click", function() {

alert("Element clicked!");

});

Using the DOM, you can create dynamic, interactive web pages.
ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) introduced modern features to JavaScript, including:

1. let and const: Block-scoped variables.

2. Template Literals: String interpolation using backticks.

Example: `Hello, ${name}!`

3. Arrow Functions: Shorter syntax for functions.

4. Classes: Simplified syntax for object-oriented programming.

5. Promises: Handle asynchronous tasks.

6. Modules: Import and export functionalities.

These features make JavaScript more powerful and developer-friendly.


JavaScript frameworks and libraries simplify development.

1. React: Library for building user interfaces.

2. Angular: Framework for creating single-page applications.

3. Vue.js: Lightweight framework for interactive web applications.

4. Node.js: Enables server-side JavaScript development.

5. jQuery: Simplifies DOM manipulation and AJAX requests.

Learning these tools can enhance your web development skills.

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