MSP-Tut 9 - Problems and Solutions

Tutorial 9: Membrane Separation Technology CL 301 Date: 11/11/2024 Marks: 30
Date of Submission: 11/11/2024
Q1. The performance of an osmotic pressure-controlled ultrafiltration is investigated. The pure

distilled water flux is found to be 4.14x10-6 m3/m2.s at 276 kPa and 8.28x10-6 m3/m2.s at 552 kPa
pressure. Under high stirring speed and at 138 kPa pressure and for 0.5 kg/m3 solute concentration,
the permeate concentration is obtained as 0.04 kg/m3. The osmotic pressure of the solute is given
as, 𝜋 = 37.5 × 102 𝑐 + 10𝑐 2 , where, 𝜋is in Pa and c is in kg/m3.
Steady state cross flow UF of the solute is now conducted in a rectangular cell with length 1 m,
equivalent diameter 1 mm, feed concentration 10 kg/m3, transmembrane pressure drop 345 kPa,
cross-flow velocity 0.5 m/s and solute diffusivity 10-11 m2/s. Find out the permeate flux and
permeate concentration. How much membrane area is required to produce 500 L/hr of filtrate
under the same operating conditions with this solute?
Assume the validity of the film theory and the solute concentration in the permeate and the
membrane surface can be related through real retention. Assume viscosity and density are those of
water. Use: Sh=1.85(Re.Sc.de/D)1/3
Q2. Consider the separation of 10 kg/m3 concentration of a protein solution using ultrafiltration.
Filtration is gel layer controlled, with gel concentration 300 kg/m3. Filtration takes place in a thin
channel with an equivalent diameter 2 mm and width 4 cm. The cross-flow velocity is 0.5 m/s and
protein diffusivity is 2 x 10-11 m2/s. If the filtrate rate is 100 L/day, find the length required of the
membrane module.
Use the following correlations to estimate mass transfer coefficient:
1
𝑑 3
𝑆ℎ = 1.86 (𝑅𝑒 𝑆 𝑐 𝐿𝑒 ) for laminar flow
Q3. In a gel layer controlling ultrafiltration, the specific gel layer resistance is given as, 𝛼 =
𝛼0 (Δ𝑃)0.3, where, 𝛼 is in m/kg, 𝛼0 = 2.56 × 1016 and Δ𝑃 is in Pa. Gel layer thickness is given as
𝐿 = 𝐿0 (Δ𝑃)0.8, where, L0=5.74x10-11 and Δ𝑃 is in Pa. Gel layer density is 1050 kg/m3 and gel
layer porosity is 0.7. Membrane permeability is 5x10-11 m/Pa.s.
Find the value of limiting operating pressure and what are the values of flux and gel layer resistance
at this pressure?
Q4. The following time-varying flux data were collected at 25 °C for unstirred batch ultrafiltration
of 2% BSA solution (MW=69,000 Da) using Amicon PM-10 membrane of 10,000 Da MWCO.
The applied pressure difference was maintained constant at 30 kPa. Calculate the membrane
resistance, Rm and cake resistance as rc/c. Assume complete rejection. The viscosity of water is
0.9 cP.
Time, s 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-2 2
Jw,×10 , L/m .h 6.58 5.18 4.45 3.89 3.52 3.27 3.07 2.86
Solutions
1. Pure water flux data:
Membrane permeability (Lp) is determined,
𝐽𝑤 = 𝐿𝑝 Δ𝑃
𝐽𝑤
𝐿𝑝 =
Δ𝑃
1 4.14 × 10−6 8.28 × 10−6
∴ 𝐿𝑝 = [ + ] = 0.015 × 10−9
2 276 × 103 552 × 103
𝑚
𝐿𝑝 = 1.5 × 10−11
𝑝𝑎. 𝑠
𝑅𝑟 ≃ 𝑅0 (at high stirring speed)
0.04
𝑅𝑟 = 1 − = 0.92
0.5
𝜋 = 37.5 × 102 𝐶 + 10𝐶 2 = 𝐵1 𝐶 + 𝐵2 𝐶 2
𝐿 = 1 𝑚 ; 𝑑𝑒 = 10−3 𝑚 ; 𝐶0 = 10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ; Δ𝑃 = 3.45 × 105 𝑝𝑎.
𝑢0 = 0.5 𝑚/𝑠 ; 𝐷 = 10−11 𝑚2 /𝑠
Mass transfer coefficient:

𝑘𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 1/3
𝑆ℎ = = 1.85 (𝑅𝑒 𝑆 𝑐 )
𝐷 𝐿
𝐷 𝑢0 𝑑𝑒 𝜐̸ 𝑑𝑒 1/3
𝑘 = 1.85 ( ) ( . . )
𝑑𝑒 𝜐̸ 𝐷 𝐿
1/3
𝐷 𝑢0 𝑑𝑒2
= 1.85 ( ) ( )
𝑑𝑒 𝐷𝐿
1/3
𝑢0 𝐷2
𝑘 = 1.85 ( )
𝑑𝑒 𝐿
1/3
0.5 × 10−22
= 1.85 ( ) = 6.82 × 10−7 𝑚/𝑠
10−3 × 1
𝐶𝑚 − 𝐶𝑝
𝐽 = 𝐾 𝑙𝑛 = 𝐿𝑝 (Δ𝑃 − Δ𝜋)
𝐶0 − 𝐶𝑝
𝐶𝑚 𝑅𝑟
𝐾 𝑙𝑛 = 𝐿𝑝 (Δ𝑃 − Δ𝜋)
𝐶0 − 𝐶𝑚 (1 − 𝑅𝑟 )
2
Δ𝜋 = 𝐵1 (𝐶𝑚 − 𝐶𝑝 ) + 𝐵2 (𝐶𝑚 − 𝐶𝑝2 )
2 [1
= 𝐵1 𝐶𝑚 𝑅𝑟 + 𝐵2 𝐶𝑚 − (1 − 𝑅𝑟 )2 ]
0.92𝐶𝑚
6.82 × 10−7 𝑙𝑛 = 1.5 × 10−11 [3.45 × 105 − 3450𝐶𝑚 − 9.94𝐶𝑚
2]
10 − 0.08𝐶𝑚
0.92𝐶𝑚
𝑙𝑛 = 7.6[1 − 0.01𝐶𝑚 − 2.88 × 10−5 𝐶𝑚
2]
10 − 0.08𝐶𝑚
Cm 11 20 50 60
LHS 0.104 0.784 2.036 2.36
RHS 6.7 6 3.25 2.25
𝐶𝑚 ≃ 58 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝐶𝑝 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐶𝑚 (1 − 𝑅𝑟 )
= 0.08 × 58 = 4.64 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝐶𝑚 𝑅𝑟 58 × 0.92
𝐽 = 𝐾 𝑙𝑛 = 6.82 × 10−7 𝑙𝑛
𝐶0 − 𝐶𝑝 10 − 4.64
= 1.57 × 10−6 𝑚3 /𝑚2 . 𝑠
Productivity = 500 L/hr
500×10−6 ×103
= 𝑚3 /𝑠 = 1.39 × 10−4 𝑚3 /𝑠
3600
𝟏. 𝟑𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒
Area required = = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟓 𝒎𝟐
𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔
2.
𝐶0 = 10 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ; 𝐶𝑔 = 300 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ; 𝑑𝑒 = 2 × 10−3 𝑚 ; 𝑊 = 4 𝑐𝑚
𝑢0 = 0.5 𝑚/𝑠 ; 𝐷 = 2 × 10−11 𝑚2 /𝑠
100 × 103 × 10−6 𝑚3
𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 100𝐿/𝑑𝑎𝑦 =
24 × 3600 𝑠
= 1.157 × 10−6 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝐶𝑔 8.59 × 10−7 300
𝐽 = 𝐾 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛
𝐶0 𝐿1/3 10
2.92 × 10−6
𝐽=
𝐿1/3
𝐴 = 𝑊. 𝐿 = 0.04𝐿 𝑚2
𝐽. 𝐴 = Filtration rate
2.92  10−6
 1/ 3
0.04 L = 1.157  10−6
L
2
⇒ 𝐿3 = 9.9058
𝑳 = 𝟑𝟏 𝒎
3.
Δ𝑃
𝐽=
𝜇(𝑅𝑚 + 𝑅𝑔 )
𝑅𝑔 = 𝛼(1 − 𝜀𝑔 )𝜌𝑔 𝐿
= 𝛼0 (Δ𝑃)0.3 (1 − 𝜀𝑔 )𝜌𝑔 𝐿0 (Δ𝑃)0.8
= 𝛼0 (1 − 𝜀𝑔 )𝜌𝑔 𝐿0 (Δ𝑃)1.1
= 4.36 × 108 (Δ𝑃)1.1
𝑅𝑔 = 𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)1.1 , where 𝑅𝑔0 = 4.36 × 108
Δ𝑃
𝐽=
𝜇(𝑅𝑚 + 𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)1.1 )
𝑑𝐽 1 Δ𝑃. 𝑅𝑔0 [1.1(Δ𝑃)0.1 ]
= − =0
𝑑Δ𝑃 𝜇(𝑅𝑚 + 𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)1.1 ) 𝜇(𝑅 + 𝑅 (Δ𝑃)1.1 )2
𝑚 𝑔0
𝑅𝑚 + 𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)1.1 = 1.1𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)0.1

𝑅𝑚 = 0.1𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)1.1
10𝑅𝑚
(Δ𝑃)1.1 =
𝑅𝑔0
1
0.91
10𝑅𝑚 1.1 10 × 2 × 1015
Δ𝑃 = ( ) =[ ]
𝑅𝑔0 4.63 × 108
= 8.876 × 106 𝑝𝑎
= 8876 𝑘𝑃𝑎
Δ𝑃𝐿𝑖𝑚 = 8876 𝑘𝑃𝑎
8876 × 103
𝐽=
𝜇[2 × 1015 + 4.63 × 108 × 88761.1 ]
= 4.41 × 10−6 𝑚/𝑠
𝑹𝒈 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟔 𝒎−𝟏
4.

MSP-Tut 9 - Problems and Solutions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MSP-Tut 9 - Problems and Solutions

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MSP-Tut 9 - Problems and Solutions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tutorial 9: Membrane Separation Technology CL 301 Date: 11/11/2024 Marks: 30

Date of Submission: 11/11/2024

Q1. The performance of an osmotic pressure-controlled ultrafiltration is investigated. The pure

Mass transfer coefficient:

𝑅𝑚 + 𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)1.1 = 1.1𝑅𝑔0 (Δ𝑃)0.1

You might also like