ARTHUR JARVIS UNIVERSITY, CALABAR

FACULTY OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

B.SC. COMPUTER SCIENCE

TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT’S INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

SCHEME

AT

SWAVY GLOBAL Ltd

BY

ASANYE DAVID BASSEY

20/132035

COURSE: CSC 342

AS A REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE

OCTOBER 2024
 DECLARATION

I, ASANYE DAVID BASSEY, Matriculation number 20/132035 of the aforementioned

institution hereby declare that the works contained in this report were carried out by me under
the supervision of my assigned IT supervisor and my industrial based supervisor and not falsified
in any way.

----------------------------------- -----------------------------------

Student’s Name Sign/ Date

 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that ASANYE DAVID BASSEY with the matriculation number 20/132035,
of the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science undertook the Industrial
Training for the 2024 academic session. Contained here is a report of my Industrial Training
experience presented to the Department.

Asanye David Bassey ……………………………………

( Student) Signature/ Date

Mr. Charles Ekpo -----------------------------

(Director of SIWES) Signature/Date

Miss Sylvia Akpotuzor ………………………………....

(Head of Department) Signature/ Date

Mr. Victor Ofene -----------------------------------

(I.T Coordinator) Signature/Date

Miss Celestina
…………………………….........

(I.T Supervisor) Signature/ Date

 DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to the Almighty God for his guidance and blessings throughout this period
and for providing me, the strength and resources needed during this program and for seeing me
successfully to the end of this Industrial Training programme.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am deeply thankful to Almighty God for guiding and protecting me throughout my industrial
training. His unwavering grace has been my pillar of strength during this program.

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my parents Mr. & Mrs. Bassey Asanye, for their unwavering
commitment in providing the essential resources that made this journey possible.

I would like to express my appreciation to the Director of SIWES at Arthur Jarvis University,
Mr. Charles Ekpo, for ensuring I received proper training and knowledge throughout this
experience.

Finally, my sincere thanks go to my IT Coordinator and Supervisor, Engr. Victor Ofene and Miss
Celestina, for their dedicated efforts in facilitating my learning and ensuring I gained the
necessary knowledge and skills during this period.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Declaration

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Content

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

1.1 About SIWES

1.2 Brief History of SIWES

1.3 Aim and Objectives of SIWES

1.4 Role of Student during SIWES

1.5 Objective of the report

1.6 The logbook

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Organization Chart (Organogram)

2.1 Brief History of the Establishment or Organization

CHAPTER THREE

3.0. Introduction

3.1. What is Web Development

3.2. Languages Learnt

3.3. Client & Server – Side Language

3.4. Front-End Development

3.5. Back-End Development

3.6. Web Development Framework

3.7. Web Security

3.8. Content Management System

3.9. Application Programming Interface

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

4.2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets))

4.3. JAVASCRIPT

4.4. BOOTSTRAP

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0. Conclusion

5.1. Recommendation

5.2. Reference
 CHAPTER 1

1.0. INTRODUCTION

Before this scheme was established, there was a growing concern and a noticeable trend
observed by industrialists: graduates of higher institutions lacked sufficient practical experience
for employment. It was evident that students entering Nigerian institutions to study science and
technology were not adequately trained in the practical aspects of their respective fields.
Consequently, they faced challenges in finding employment due to their lack of practical
experience.

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES), commonly referred to as Industrial
Training (IT) by students, is a skill development program initiated by the Industrial Training
Fund (ITF) in 1973, headquartered in Jos, Nigeria. Its primary objective is to enable students in
tertiary institutions in Nigeria to acquire technical skills and practical experience for professional
growth within their chosen fields of study. SIWES serves as a vital bridge between theoretical
knowledge and practical application. It is a recognized skills training program integrated into
higher education in Nigeria, forming an essential part of the approved academic requirements for
various degree programs. This program typically consists of a three-credit unit course that
students are required to complete before graduation. As described by NSE (2012), SIWES is a
structured and supervised training and intervention program designed to meet specific learning
and career objectives, ultimately leading to the development of occupational competencies
among participants.

1.1. ABOUT SIWES

The Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skills training program designed
to prepare students of universities and other tertiary institutions for the industrial work
environment they are likely to encounter after graduation. It is a well-structured program with
specific career objectives, aimed at developing students' occupational competencies.
Consequently, the SIWES program is a mandatory graduation requirement for all Nigerian
tertiary students enrolled in certain courses.
SIWES is the recognized training program integrated into the approved Minimum Academic
Standards for various degree programs across Nigerian universities. Its primary purpose is to
bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applications within Nigerian tertiary
institutions. The program exposes students to machinery, equipment, professional work methods,
and safety protocols in industries, offices, laboratories, hospitals, and other organizations.

1.2. BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

Employers found that the theoretical education provided by higher institutions did not adequately
meet the needs of the labor market. This challenge persisted until 1973 when the fundamental
reason for initiating and designing the scheme by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in 1973/74
became apparent.

The ITF organization recognized the need to assist Nigerian students in tertiary institutions and
established the SIWES program. It received official approval from the Federal Government in
1974. Initially, the scheme was solely funded by the ITF during its early years. However, as the
financial burden became unsustainable for the fund, it withdrew from the scheme in 1978. In
1979, the management of the scheme was handed over to both the National Universities
Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE).

Subsequently, in November 1984, the federal government reverted the management and
implementation of the scheme to ITF. By July 1985, the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) assumed
full control of the scheme, while funding responsibilities were entirely shouldered by the federal
government. (Source: Job Specifications on Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme).

1.3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The SIWES program is a collaborative effort involving students in tertiary institutions,

universities, and employers of labor. It is aimed at achieving the following objectives:

1. To prepare students for the work situations they are likely to encounter after graduation.

2. To expose students to various work methods and techniques for handling equipment and
machinery.

3. To facilitate a smoother transition from the academic environment to the world of work.
4. To offer students an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real-world work
settings, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.

5. To provide a platform for students in Nigerian universities to acquire industrial skills and gain
practical experience during their course of study.

1.4. ROLE OF STUDENTS DURING SIWES

The SIWES program is a collaborative effort involving students in tertiary institutions,

universities, and employers of labor. Consequently, students play a crucial role in the SIWES
Program, and their various responsibilities include:

1. Attending the institution's SIWES orientation program before embarking on industrial

attachment.

2. Adhering to the employer's rules and regulations.

3. Maintaining accurate records of training activities and other assignments in the provided
logbook.

4. Submitting the logbook and reports to SIWES as required by their institution upon completion
of the training period.

5. Refraining from changing their place of attachment except in special circumstances and with
the permission of the Director of SIWES and the school governing body.

1.5. OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT

The specific objectives are as follows:

1. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of the Student Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES).

2. To provide a clear explanation of the field of study in which I am enrolled.

3. To effectively articulate the various activities I have undertaken as a student, along with the
lessons learned and taught during the SIWES program.
 1.6. THE LOGBOOK

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) Logbook, also known as the
Industrial Training or Internship Logbook, is an official record booklet issued by various
Nigerian tertiary institutions to their internship students. It serves as a tool for students to
diligently document their daily and weekly activities carried out in their workplaces. This
logbook typically includes basic information about the IT student and the firm where the student
is working, along with a record of the various activities performed during the internship.
Furthermore, it's worth noting that the SIWES logbook may vary in shape, size, and color among
different higher institutions.
 CHAPTER 2

2.0. ORGANOGRAM (ORGANIZATION CHART)

An organogram, also known as an organizational chart, is a graphical representation of an

organization's structure. It provides a visual depiction of the organization's hierarchy, showcasing
the relationships between its members and their respective ranks within the organization. The
organogram for Swavy Global is presented below:

2.1. BRIEF HISTORY OF ORGANISATION OR ESTABLISHMENT

Swavy Global is an information technology company.Its aim is to provide consultancy in

various areas of ICT and to train students to become good software developers and in various
programming languages.

The company is for software development, consulting services, website design and hosting,
professional training in software development, E-governance solutions.. It is a private company
owned by Engr Victor Ofene. It is located at number 17IBB way, inside Samsung plaza, Calabar,
Cross river state.
 CHAPTER 3

3.0 INTRODUCTION

The Industrial Training period is a phase during which a student is expected to acquire,
experience, and develop the skills necessary for their future career. This chapter details the skills
and experiences I acquired during my Industrial Training.

Web development encompasses the tasks involved in creating websites for the Internet (World
Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). It can involve everything from crafting a basic
static webpage with plain text to building intricate web applications, e-commerce platforms, and
social networking services.

3.1. WHAT IS WEB DEVELOPMENT

Web development is the practice of creating and maintaining websites on the World Wide Web.
It encompasses a wide range of activities, from designing the visual layout and user interface of a
site to programming the functionality that makes it interactive and dynamic. Web development is
a multidisciplinary field that combines elements of design, programming, and server
management. It has become an essential part of the digital landscape, with websites serving as
the primary means of communication and commerce for businesses, organizations, and
individuals. Web developers employ various technologies and programming languages such as
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and server-side scripting to bring web content to life. The field has
evolved significantly over the years, with the emergence of responsive design, web applications,
and content management systems, rendering it an exciting and continually evolving domain.

IMPORTANCE OF WEB DEVELOPMENT

Web development holds paramount importance in the digital age for several compelling reasons:

1. Online Presence: In today's world, the online presence of a company or individual often
serves as the initial point of contact with potential customers or audiences. Web development is
essential for establishing and maintaining a professional and easily accessible online presence.
2. Accessibility: The web is a universal medium, accessible to people worldwide. Effective web
development ensures that content and services are readily available to a broad and diverse
audience.

3. E-Commerce: The proliferation of online shopping and e-commerce platforms underscores

the necessity of web development to create secure, user-friendly, and efficient online stores.

4. Information Dissemination: The web is a primary source of information. Web development

empowers organizations to swiftly and efficiently share news, knowledge, and updates.

5. Mobile-Friendly: As the usage of mobile devices continues to surge, web development plays
a pivotal role in crafting responsive and mobile-friendly websites to cater for users on
smartphones and tablets.

3.2. LANGUAGES LEARNT

a. JavaScript: Mainly use for web development to create interactive and dynamic web pages.
Often used in conjunction with HTML and CSS.

b. CSS: Primarily used to design and outline the appearance of the web site/page.

c. Python: Used to create the backend of websites.

3.3 CLIENT AND SERVER-SIDE LANGUAGE

CLIENT-SIDE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES are utilized to construct the user interface

and functionality that operates within a web browser. Common client-side languages comprise
JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.

SERVER-SIDE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES are employed to craft the back-end logic

and data processing of a web application. Typical server-side languages encompass Python,
Ruby, PHP, Java, Node.js, and more. These languages manage client requests, interface with
databases, and execute server-side operations.

It's typical for web applications to leverage a combination of client-side and server-side
programming to establish dynamic and interactive websites.
3.4. FRONT-END DEVELOPMENT

Front-end development involves creating the visual and interactive elements of a website or web
application. It relies on three fundamental technologies:

a. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used for structuring the content of web pages.

b. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is utilized to style and format HTML elements, enhancing the
website's visual appeal.

c. JavaScript is a versatile programming language that introduces interactivity and dynamic

functionality to web pages. It can be used for animations, user interactions, and communication
with servers.

RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN: Responsive web design is an integral part of front-end

development, ensuring that websites adapt and display correctly on various screen sizes and
devices, including desktops, tablets, and mobile phones. Achieving this adaptability involves
using techniques like flexible layouts and media queries to create a consistent user experience
across different devices.

3.5. BACK-END DEVELOPMENT: Backend development is the server-side of web

applications, responsible for data processing, database management, and ensuring application
functionality. It collaborates with the front-end to create a comprehensive web application.

a. Server-side Programming Language (PHP): PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used

server-side programming language in backend development. It's renowned for its capacity to
generate dynamic content, interact with databases, and handle server-side logic. PHP can be
seamlessly integrated into HTML code, simplifying dynamic web page creation.

b. Databases and Data Management: Backend developers work with databases to store,
retrieve, and manage data for web applications. Common databases in backend development
encompass MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and more. Data management encompasses tasks
like creation, updates, deletions, and queries, all vital for supporting application functionality.
c. Server Configuration and Hosting: Backend developers configure servers to ensure optimal
performance, security, and scalability. This includes setting up server software, implementing
security measures, and configuring network settings. Hosting options span from on-premises
servers to cloud-based services such as AWS and Azure.

In summary, backend development encompasses server-side programming (e.g., PHP), database

management, and server configuration for web application hosting. These components
collectively ensure efficient data processing and delivery, bolstering front-end functionality for a
seamless user experience.

3.6. WEB DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK: A web development framework is a pre-built

collection of tools, libraries, and best practices that simplifies web application development. It
provides a structured way to create web applications and often includes features like templating,
database access, and routing.

BENEFITS: Web development frameworks enhance productivity by streamlining development

tasks, ensuring code consistency, and promoting modular development. They also aid in
scalability and maintenance, making it easier to create and maintain web applications.

3.7. WEB SECURITY: Common Web Security Threats: Common threats include SQL
injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), and data breaches. These
vulnerabilities can lead to data leaks, unauthorized access, and more. Best Practices for Web App
Security: Security best practices include input validation, the use of secure authentication
methods, regular security audits, data encryption, and staying up-to-date with security patches.
Implementing the principle of least privilege and practicing secure coding can also help protect
web applications.

3.8. CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (CMS): A Content Management System (CMS)

is software that allows users to create, manage, and modify digital content without advanced
technical knowledge. CMS platforms like WordPress and Drupal simplify website and content
management. Customization and Content Creation: CMS platforms offer customization options
through themes and plugins. Users can easily create and update content, such as articles, images,
and videos, through user-friendly interfaces.
3.8. WEB ACCESSIBILITY:

IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSIBILITY IN WEB DESIGN: Web accessibility ensures that

websites are usable by individuals with disabilities, such as those with visual or hearing
impairments. It is vital for inclusivity and compliance with legal requirements like the Americans
with Disabilities Act (ADA).

GUIDELINES FOR CREATING INCLUSIVE WEBSITES: Designers should follow the

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), which provide criteria for creating accessible
web content. These guidelines cover areas such as text alternatives for images, keyboard
navigation, and providing captions for multimedia content.

3.9. APIS (APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACES): APIs enable different

software applications to communicate with each other by defining the methods and data formats
they can use. They serve as intermediaries, allowing developers to access and use functionality
provided by other systems or services. APIs are essential for modern web development, enabling
integration with third-party services, data retrieval, and automation of various tasks. REST and
GraphQL are common API architectural styles used in web development.
 CHAPTER 4

KNOWLEDGE GAINED DURING THE SIWES

1. HTML: The front-end part of website design consist of the HTML (Hyper Text Markup
Language) which is like the skeletal part of the website, it consist of various tags that
form the basic structure of the website such as the paragraph tag, heading tags, anchor tag
etc. HTML pages are text documents; it is the first language in website development.

INPUT:

OUTPUT

2. CSS: CSS (Cascaded Style Sheet) is the other aspect of website development, which adds
style to the website; it helps the website come to live by making the website look more
presentable and more eye catching. It allows you to create the rules that specify how the
 content of an element should appear, it uses a selector which usually is the HTML
element, the rule it should be applied to and a declaration which indicate how the element
in the selector should be styled, it is linked to the HTML page using the link tag in the
head tag just after the title tag.

3. JAVASCRIPT: JavaScript is another language used in the front-end part of website

development; this language makes the website more active and interactive. It is a
scripting language and its pages are script files. It is written like other any other
programming language and follows almost the same rules of programming just every
other programming language.

INPUT
OUTPUT

4. BOOTSTRAP: Bootstrap (HTML/CSS Framework) is another of aspect of the front-

end, its just a framework meant to make a developers work easier, it uses classes which
help reduce the workload of the developer as most of the code already written. The
framework just need to be linked to the HTML page and use the various classes where
appropriate.
 CHAPTER 5

5.0 CONCLUSION

Conclusion

Web development is a dynamic and ever-evolving field that plays a pivotal role in shaping the
digital landscape. It encompasses a wide array of technologies, frameworks, and practices,
making it a multifaceted discipline. From the front-end, which is responsible for the user
interface and experience, to the back-end, managing server-side logic and databases, web
development offers a diverse range of specializations. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript form the
foundational trio for building web pages, while numerous libraries and frameworks, such as
React, Angular, and Vue, simplify the process and enhance user interactions. On the server side,
programming languages like Python, Ruby, Node.js, and PHP, in conjunction with databases like
MySQL and MongoDB, support the development of robust web applications. The importance of
responsive design and mobile optimization cannot be overstated in the modern web development
landscape, as the majority of users access websites on various devices. Security is also
paramount, given the prevalence of cyber threats, necessitating secure coding practices and the
use of encryption protocols. Web development extends beyond static websites, with the rise of
dynamic web applications that leverage APIs and data fetching to provide seamless user
experiences. Cloud computing and serverless architecture have revolutionized web hosting,
offering scalability and cost-efficiency.

In conclusion, web development is a multifaceted field that combines creativity and technical
skills to create the digital platforms we rely on daily. It is a constantly evolving industry, with
emerging technologies and trends continually reshaping the landscape. For aspiring web
developers, staying updated, mastering core technologies, and embracing best practices are key
to success in this dynamic and exciting realm.
 5.1 RECOMMENDATION

Web development encompasses numerous components, and I'd like to offer some refined
recommendations for embarking on and excelling in web development:

1. Master the Basics: Commence your journey by gaining proficiency in HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript as the fundamental building blocks of web development. Develop a comprehensive
understanding of web operations, encompassing HTTP, servers, and clients.

2.Select Your Development Focus: Determine your area of expertise, whether it's front-end
(client-side) or back-end (server-side) development. Front-end: Explore popular frameworks
such as React, Vue.js, or Angular, and grasp responsive design principles, along with CSS
frameworks like Bootstrap or Tailwind CSS. Back-end: Opt for a server-side language or
framework like Node.js, Python (Django/Flask), Ruby (Ruby on Rails), or PHP (Laravel).

4. Database Management: Deepen your knowledge of databases, including options like

MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, or SQLite for data storage and retrieval.

5. Mastery of APIs: Gain expertise in consuming and creating APIs, a pivotal skill for
connecting your web applications to external services.

6. Security Awareness: Immerse yourself in web security best practices, encompassing defense
against SQL injection, XSS, CSRF, and the importance of HTTPS.
 5.2 REFRENCE

1. Bin Muhammad, Rashid. "Operating Systems Notes". www.personal.kent.edu. Kent State

University. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

2. Northwood, Chris (2018-11-19). The Full Stack Developer: Your Essential Guide to the
Everyday Skills Expected of a Modern Full Stack Web Developer. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4842-
4152-3. Discover The Difference Between Front-End Vs. Back-End Developer – Forbes
Advisor". forbes.com. May 30, 2023

3. Wickramarachchi, Viduni (24 February 2021). "The BFF Pattern (Backend for Frontend): An
Introduction". Bits and pieces. Retrieved 13 November 202

4. What is Web Development? - Definition from Techopedia. Techopedia.com. Retrieved 2018-

12-07. Campbell, Jennifer (2017). Web Design: Introductory. Cengage Learning. p. 27.