5014 Example Candidate Responses Paper 1 (For Examination From 2019)

Example Candidate Responses
Paper 1
Cambridge IGCSE™
Environmental Management 0680
Cambridge O Level
Environmental Management 5014
For examination from 2019
Version 1
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Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................4
Question 1.........................................................................................................................................................................6
Example Candidate Response – high............................................................................................................................6
Example Candidate Response – middle........................................................................................................................8
Example Candidate Response – low...........................................................................................................................10
Question 2.......................................................................................................................................................................12
Example Candidate Response – high..........................................................................................................................12
Example Candidate Response – middle......................................................................................................................14
Question 3.......................................................................................................................................................................18
Question 4.......................................................................................................................................................................21
Question 5.......................................................................................................................................................................30
Question 6.......................................................................................................................................................................39
Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1
Introduction
The main aim of this booklet is to exemplify standards for those teaching Cambridge IGCSE Environmental
Management 0680 and Cambridge O Level Environmental Management 5014, and to show how different levels of
candidates’ performance (high, middle and low) relate to the subject’s curriculum and assessment objectives.
In this booklet candidate responses have been chosen from June 2019 scripts to exemplify a range of answers.
For each question, the response is annotated with a clear explanation of where and why marks were awarded or
omitted. This is followed by examiner comments on how the answer could have been improved. In this way, it is
possible for you to understand what candidates have done to gain their marks and what they could do to improve their
answers. There is also a list of common mistakes candidates made in their answers for each question.
This document provides illustrative examples of candidate work with examiner commentary. These help teachers
to assess the standard required to achieve marks beyond the guidance of the mark scheme. Therefore, in some
circumstances, such as where exact answers are required, there will not be much comment.
The questions and mark schemes and pre-release material used here are available to download from the School
Support Hub. These files are:
June 2019 Question Paper 12

June 2019 Paper 12 Mark Scheme
Past exam resources and other teacher support materials are available on the School Support Hub:
www.cambridgeinternational.org/support
Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Management 0680 and O Level Environmental Management 5014 4
How to use this booklet

This booklet goes through the paper one question at a time, showing you the high-, middle- and low-level response for
each question. The candidate answers are set in a table. In the left-hand column are the candidate answers, and in
the right-hand column are the examiner comments.
Example Candidate Response – Question 1, high Examiner comments
1 The candidate crosses out their

1 initial, incorrect calculations clearly
both in question (a) and (b) to
avoid confusion. Correct answers
are provided for both questions.
1 initial, incorrect calculations
Mark for (a) = 1 out of 1
clearly
both
Mark in
for question (a)
(b) = 1 out of 1 and (b) to
Examiner
avoid comments are
confusion. Correct answers
alongside the answers.
are provided These
for both questions.
explain
Markwhere (a)
2 Twofor
and why marks
correct = 1 out
responses ofhere
1
2 were gain
awarded. This
the two marks. helps you
Mark for
to interpret the (b) = 1 outofof 1
Answers are by real candidates in exam conditions. Mark for (c) standard
= 2 out of 2
These show you the types of answers for each level. Cambridge exams so you can
Discuss and analyse the answers with your learners in help your learners to refine
the classroom to improve their skills. their exam technique.
2 Two correct responses here
2 gain the two marks.
Mark for (c) = 2 out of 2
How the candidate could have improved their answer
The candidate successfully attained full marks on this question. The text in part (d) was correct but could have been
easier to read.
This section explains how the candidate could

have improved each answer. This helps you to
Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Sciences 0680 6
interpret the standard of Cambridge exams and
helps your learners to refine their exam technique.
Common mistakes candidates made in this question

• The most common mistakes were the inaccuracy in knowledge or identification of greenhouse gases and the
inaccuracy in reading off data from the chart to state the level of gas emissions.
• Some candidates had weak knowledge of the sources of greenhouse gases.
Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Sciences 0680 6
Often candidates were not awarded Lists the common mistakes candidates made
marks because they misread or in answering each question. This will help your
misinterpreted the questions. learners to avoid these mistakes and give them
the best chance of achieving the available marks.
5 Cambridge IGCSE Environmental Management 0680 and O Level Environmental Management 5014
Print Script Page 3 of 22

Question 1
Example Candidate Response – high Examiner Comments

1 initial, incorrect calculations clearly
both in question (a) and (b) to
avoid confusion. Correct answers
are provided for both questions.
Mark for (b) = 1 out of 1
2 Two correct responses here

2 gain the two marks.
Print Script Example
Page 4 of 22Candidate Responses – Paper 1
Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner Comments
3 Here, the candidate clearly

identifies three distinct reasons
to gain full marks: limited
industry; many people are poor;
vehicle ownership is low. The
3
question requires the candidate
to ‘suggest’, so alternative, valid
responses would also have
been credited, as it is not a
requirement within the syllabus for
the candidate to study a specific
country.
Mark for (d) = 3 out of 3
Total mark awarded =

7 out of 7

The candidate successfully attained full marks on this question. The text in part (d) was correct but could have been
easier to read.
Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner Comments
1 It is good practice to show your

working out in this way, in case
1 there should be any concern over
the legibility of the response on
the answer line. The response
given is correct.
2
2 The candidate has read the bar

chart correctly to gain the point.
3
3 Methane is a recognised
greenhouse gas, but carbon
monoxide is not. Carbon dioxide
would gain the additional point.
Page 4 of 22 Candidate Responses – Paper 1
Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner Comments
4 Three marks are available

here but some of the suggested
reasons are alternatives of each
other, for example, reducing the
number of cars by congestion
4
charges / upgrading public
transport. Two out of the three
marks are awarded. The response
is well written and clear.

5 out of 7

The candidate could have named two correct greenhouse gases in part (c) and included a broader approach to the
suggestions within part (d).
Print Script
Example Candidate Responses – Paper 1 Page 3 of 22
Example Candidate Response – low Examiner Comments
1 1 This response is outside the

accepted range. No marks are
awarded.
2 Mark for (a) = 0 out of 1
2 This response does not

mention a specific country (rest of
world = many countries).
3
3 Neither of these responses are
greenhouse gases.
Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner Comments
4 This response does not explain

the large difference between the
4 percentages for population (19%)
and greenhouse gases (6%).

0 out of 7

• The candidate should have read the questions carefully. For example, part (b) required the candidate to name a
country.
• There was a lack of any detail within part (d). The command word ‘suggest’ allowed candidates to provide possible
reasons based on their general knowledge even if they were unfamiliar with the specific scenario in the question.

• The most common mistakes were the inaccuracy in knowledge or identification of greenhouse gases and the
inaccuracy in reading off data from the chart to state the level of gas emissions.
• Some candidates had weak knowledge of the sources of greenhouse gases.
Question 2
1 The candidate correctly

identifies the west of South
America and the south-eastern
part of Argentina. The reference
to Papua New Guinea (P.N.G.) is
1
incorrect but the two marks have
already been attained.
2 Here, the candidate correctly

identifies the impact of the climate
on water reserves but does not
2
identify that the area is also less
likely to be populated because of
the cold climate.
3 Two causes of overuse of

water are successfully identified:
3
high water-use industries and
large-scale irrigation.
4 Two strategies are successfully

identified: the use of wells and
4 reservoirs; and the use of drought-
resistant crops.

7 out of 8

• While successful, the candidate did misquote the location of countries. Without the additional information defining
the locations, there was a risk of candidates not achieving full credit.
• The candidate could also have provided greater clarity on the ways of reducing water use for part (d). Clay pots
were useful to reduce water loss during irrigation but would not have been an effective way of storing water in any
volume.
1 A concise response correctly

identifying the west of South
America and the south of South
1 America.
2 Here, the candidate identifies

the high level of precipitation for
one mark, but the second reason
2
given is incorrect.
3 Increase in population is a
valid explanation for overuse of
water here, but the point about
3
development needs further
expansion to clearly indicate high
water use by industry. This would
gain the second mark.
4 The candidate needs to provide

more detail in the first answer
4
and the second answer is not a
practical solution. No marks are
gained.

4 out of 8

While short comments or answers were provided, further expansion would have provided clarity regarding the points
made. This would have resulted in the opportunity to award a greater number of marks.
1 This response, despite its

1 length, lacks accuracy. It does
not state which coasts they are
referring to, as not all are affected.
No marks are gained.
2 The candidate incorrectly

2 identifies the area as being near
the coast and the reason offered
is therefore invalid.
3 The candidate does not identify

a reason why there is overuse of
3 water in some parts of the world.
The reason given would not
impact water use on a large scale.
4 The response successfully

identifies two strategies and both
marks are gained.
4

2 out of 8

Greater detail and accuracy within the locations would have provided additional marks.

• Candidates should have described locations using the points of the compass (such as south of the Equator, rather
than under the Equator).
• There was a lack of awareness of how the location of an area may have been influenced by different weather
conditions.

Question 3
1 This response mentions that

1 cracks have appeared. One mark
is achieved.
2 The candidate refers to lack

of vegetation to bind the soil,
2 overgrazing and over cultivation to
achieve both marks.
3 The use of multiculture will

improve the soil structure and
provide windbreaks. Both marks
are achieved.
3

5 out of 5

Candidates should have taken care to identify clear, independent reasons or observations when asked to provide
a set number of them. The outcome or result of any two items should have been easily identifiable as different to
demonstrate understanding. Here, the candidate mentioned wind breaks and the use of vegetation to provide cover.
They could also have mentioned terracing, contour ploughing or bunds to make a clearer difference between their
suggested methods of reducing soil erosion.
1 The candidate needs to identify

1 the effects of soil erosion that can
be seen in the image. No marks
are achieved.
2 2 Deforestation and over-

cultivation are alternatives for
each other. One mark is achieved.
3 Two valid suggestions are

made which could reduce
3
soil erosion. Both marks are
achieved. The responses give
a good description rather than
simply stating methods. The
addition of organic matter is a
particularly good answer with
a description of the impact this
would have.

3 out of 5

This candidate needed to pay greater attention to accuracy to obtain the remaining two marks in parts (a) and (b). It is
always good practice to explain the impact (within the written answer) of the reasons or observations decided on, as
this would also help to determine when two reasons might have proven to be simply alternatives of each other rather
than having two separate effects.
1 This is an incorrect answer.

1
2 One mark is awarded for
observing deforestation but the
second response, ‘no irrigation’ is
incorrect.
2
3 Crop rotation improves the

soil structure and, implicitly, the
planting of a crop helps bind the
soil via the roots. Only one valid
method is suggested here for one
mark.
3

2 out of 5

The candidate could have achieved greater clarity in their responses by providing slightly longer answers. The short
responses provided do not fully cover the answer, as in part (b).

Some candidates identified that the addition of fertilisers or pesticides would have prevented soil erosion. While
they may have improved fertility or productivity, they would not have reduced the erosion risk. There was a lack of
responses which identified the role of wind breaks or terracing.
Question 4
1 1 The candidate achieves full

marks for part (a) and all sub-
parts. Data is correctly read
from the graph showing the rate
of growth is decreasing. The
uncertainties outlined in 4(a)(iii)
are clearly stated.
Mark for (a)(i) = 1 out of 1
Mark for (a)(ii) = 1 out of 1
Mark for (a)(iii) = 2 out of 2
2 The candidate correctly ranks

2
the continents by population size.
Mark for (b)(i) = 2 out of 2
3 The candidate identifies the

3 correct continent for one mark.
Mark for (b)(ii) = 1 out of 1
4 This is the correct response.

Showing the calculation in full
helps support the answer. Full
4 marks are achieved.
Mark for (b)(iii) = 2 out of 2
5 Four clearly distinct reasons

5
are given. Full marks are
obtained.
Mark for (b)(iv) = 4 out of 4
6 These responses are too

vague to gain credit. Examples
of the push and pull factors are
6 needed for marks to be obtained.
Mark for (b)(v) = 0 out of 2
7 The candidate makes five

7
strong points and offers effective
evaluation. The candidate
provides an articulate report
showing a depth of knowledge
and is also able to provide a
summative conclusion. Some
examples are needed for the sixth
mark. Five marks are awarded.
Mark for (b)(vi) = 5 out of 6

18 out of 21

The candidate could have ensured that opinions within the 6-mark (level of response) question were supported by
examples. The candidate should have provided examples of factors that impacted migration.
1 This response is outside the

1 expected range. No mark is
awarded here.

identifies that the rate of growth
would slow down. One mark is
2
awarded.
3 One mark is achieved for being
3 able to rank the continents in

order.
4 One mark is achieved for

correctly identifying the continent
with a predicted reduction in
population.
4
5 Both the calculation and the

outcome here are incorrect. No
5 marks are awarded.
6 The reasons given here for

6
rapid population growth are
not explained. Only two of the
available four marks are achieved.
7 Two clear examples of factors

7 that affect migration. Two marks
are achieved.
8 This response demonstrates

8 the candidate’s understanding
better by using relevant examples.
Other factors could also be
included. Only 3 out of the 6
marks are achieved.

12 out of 21

• The candidate could have increased the number of examples given within the level of response question and
arrived at a more defined conclusion. This would have ensured a range of factors, which might have impacted on
population growth, were considered.
• The candidate could have ensured that opportunities were taken to explain statements, particularly where these
were specifically asked for within a question, for example, in part (b)(iv).
Page 8 of 22 Candidate Responses – Paper 1
1 The candidate does not use the

1 graph correctly and omits the units
‘billion’.
2
2 This response correctly
identifies the change in the rate of
population growth for one mark.
3
3 Here, the candidate only gives
one reason for the future range of
possible world population so does
not achieve both marks.
4 The candidate successfully

4 ranks the continents in order for
two marks.
5 Europe is the correct answer

5 achieving one mark.
6 6 Both the calculation and result

are incorrect, so no marks are
awarded. It should be
_
3_2
39 × 100 = 82%.
7 This is a limited response, but

7
it does make three distinct points,
each of which gains credit. Lack
of detail and explanation limits the
mark here.
8 The candidate needs to expand

on what is meant by ‘better
education’ to gain the second
8
mark. One mark is achieved.
Print Script Page 11Example
of 22 Candidate Responses – Paper 1
9 9 More factual information is

needed to support the opinion.
There is no indication of how
better education would impact on
population growth. No marks are
achieved.

9 out of 21

The candidate could have provided a greater level of explanation in answers to provide justification of points made.
This was omitted within part (b)(vi) and limited the total mark in part (b)(v).

• Candidates did not show the working within a calculation, which prevented a mark being awarded for the correct
method.
• Lack of detail within a question that required an explanation limited the marks that were awarded.
• Some candidates did not read questions carefully. Question (a)(ii) related to the rate of change rather than the
absolute population size.
• The six-mark question required candidates to organise their thoughts and present concepts in a logical order,
preferably supporting opinions with relevant examples, and importantly to reach a conclusion which was supported
by the evidence presented.
Question 5
1 This is a full response

with detail going beyond the
requirements for the three marks.
It is logically ordered and easily
conveys the candidate’s grasp of
the subject.

describes the advantages and
disadvantages of coal as an
energy resource. A comparison is
made with other energy sources
to clarify and strengthen the
response. Credit is given for
the mention of both acid rain
and global warming because
the specific gases involved are
mentioned. All four marks are
achieved.
3 3 The graph is plotted correctly

for two marks.
Mark for (c)(i) = 2 out of 2
4 The correct data is correctly

4 extracted for (c)(ii) and (c)(iii) for
one mark each.
Mark for (c)(ii) = 1 out of 1
Mark for (c)(iii) = 1 out of 1
5 This response identifies the

5
trends and provides details
supported by data to obtain the
three marks available.
Mark for (c)(iv) = 3 out of 3
6 6 This response achieves four

of the five available marks. A little
more detail concerning the way
in which energy consumption
is being limited or how greater
efficiency is being achieved is
needed to score the final mark.
Mark for (c)(v) = 4 out of 5

18 out of 19

Additional detail of energy conservation measures in part (c)(v) would have given this candidate full marks across the
whole question.
1 This is an incomplete answer

1 and does not refer to heat and
pressure. It therefore achieves
two of the three marks.
2 This response lacks details

2 about how pollution impacts on
the environment or why it is an
advantage that coal is a high-
yielding energy source. Only two
of the four available marks are
achieved.
3 The graph is both plotted and

3
read correctly scoring all four
available marks for (c)(i), (c)(ii)
and (c)(iii).
4 4 This explanation of the trends

lacks clarity and only receives one
out of the available three marks.

identifies the increase in
population for Asia and Oceania
5 but does not explicitly state an
increase in industry. The reasons
given for why the energy use
in Europe has reduced are not
clearly stated or detailed enough
to gain credit. Only one of the five
available marks is obtained.

10 out of 19

The responses in some sections lacked enough detail to demonstrate knowledge of the topic. This was particularly
the case in parts (b) and (c)(iv) where a longer response might have shown more clearly the point the candidate was
attempting to make.
Example
Print Script Candidate Responses – Paper 1 Page 12 of 22
1 Here, the candidate mentions

1
a time-scale; the fact that coal is
made from remains of plants and
that it is covered by sediment.
They do not specifically refer
to pressure and heat but have
included enough other details to
achieve the three marks available.
2 The candidate incorrectly

2 identifies coal as being renewable.
Specific detail concerning the
production of carbon dioxide
and sulfur dioxide and their
(named) impacts as pollutants
under disadvantages would have
achieved marks. No marks are
scored in this response.
3 The candidate plotted this

3
inaccurately. However, the
answers to (c)(ii) and (iii) are
correctly identified. Two out of the
four marks available for the whole
of (c) are achieved.
PrintExample
Script Candidate Responses – Paper 1 Page 14 of 22
4 The candidate does not

4
describe the trend in sufficient
detail and does not make use of
the data to support what they are
saying. No marks are achieved.
5 This response also suffers from

a lack of detail. The candidate
5 identifies different energy
generation sources and how these
may change rather than changes
in the consumption of energy. No
marks are achieved.

5 out of 19

Greater accuracy could have been demonstrated in plotting the information within the graph and in the use of this
information to cite accurate data. Similarly, a greater understanding of the meaning of the graph (total energy use
rather than the use of oil) would have gained further marks.

• Some candidates did not provide enough detail or used generalist terms (such as ‘causes pollution’) rather than
accurately naming the cause and effect.
• Candidates interpreted the graph as relating to the use of oil, meaning conclusions such as ‘the change to non-
renewable sources’ did not answer part (c)(v).
• Candidates should have stated which other sources the material was being compared to which would have showed
a greater understanding of the relative merits of different energy sources.
• Candidates should have avoided merely reporting on each change rather than the overall trends.
Question 6
1 1 A good answer successfully

describing the trends in the graph
supported by relevant use of data.
All three marks are achieved.
2
2 Information is accurately
plotted and details from the key
are presented with no ambiguity.
All three marks are achieved.
3 A confident response
accurately defining the terms
3 particularly in stating the
destination of the product. Both
marks are obtained.
4 The need for additional

4
settlement is a valid reason
for deforestation. The mark is
obtained.
5
5 The reasons provided in this
response are distinct and include
the impact on the carbon cycle
gaining all four marks.
6 The candidate names the last

6
organism in the chain rather than
the tertiary consumer. No mark
obtained.
7
7 The pyramid is completed
correctly for two marks.
8 This response demonstrates

8
that the candidate has a good
understanding of the process
of photosynthesis. The answer
is supported by including the
chemical equation. Two marks are
obtained.
9 Both marks are achieved in

this answer as the candidate
9 correctly compares the data on
the two types of wetland including
timescales.

19 out of 20

The candidate achieved well across the whole question. There was only one significant error in identifying the roles
within the food chain.
1 Full marks are achieved. The

candidate accurately identifies the
1 trends and supports statements
with relevant data from the graph.
2
2 The candidate does not draw
the pie chart accurately and
the interpretation of the key
is ambiguous. This response
achieves one mark.
3 In this response, the two

definitions are allocated to the
3 wrong statements. No marks are
achieved.
4 4 This is a valid reason for

deforestation. The mark is
achieved.
5 This answer gains two marks.
5
More detail and explanation are
needed to achieve further marks.
6 This response is incorrect. No

6 marks gained.
7 These organisms are linked

in the right order to gain the two
7
marks.
8
8 This response does not list
the products or ingredients of
photosynthesis and does not
indicate where the reaction
occurs. This means no marks are
obtained.
9 This is a good comparison

of the changes within the two
wetland areas. Data is used
accurately and comparisons are
9 valid. Both marks are obtained.

10 out of 20

• Additional detail within explanations would have provided the opportunity to access a greater number of marks.
• Lack of detailed knowledge of the photosynthesis reaction prevented the candidate from obtaining these marks.
• A careful reading of questions might have resulted in additional marks being achieved, e.g. parts (b)(ii) and (c)(i).
Print Script Page 15Example
of 22 Candidate Responses – Paper 1

describes the trends and supports
findings with relevant data. Three
1
marks are achieved.
2 The plotting of this graph

2
is incorrect, so no marks are
awarded.
3 The definitions offered are

3
accurate and gain both marks.
4 The answer supplied here is

4 incorrect. No mark is obtained.
5 5 This response does not

list valid, detailed reasons for
preventing further deforestation.
The mention of the impact on the
ecosystem obtains one mark.
6
6 The tertiary consumer is
incorrectly identified. No marks
are obtained.
7 The organisms are shown

in the correct order, but the
7
candidate does not draw the
diagram correctly showing
decreasing bar widths with
centred bars and labels. One
mark is awarded.
Example
Print Script Candidate Responses – Paper 1 Page 18 of 22
8 The candidate’s understanding

8 of photosynthesis is not clear as
both carbon dioxide and glucose
are stated as products. The
ingredients, the products, the
energy source, and the location of
the reaction should be mentioned
to achieve both marks. No marks
are awarded.
9 This response does not offer

9 a comparison between the two
wetlands. No marks are awarded.

7 out of 20

• Plotting a pie graph was a common question type so should have been practised.
• An understanding of the structure of a pyramid of energy would have resulted in an improved answer and higher
marks.

• A lack of detailed knowledge of the photosynthesis reaction limited the marks that were awarded.
• Candidates did not ensure that comparisons, where requested, linked the information giving similarities and
differences.
• Candidates did not read questions carefully to ensure it was clear what was being asked, such as the tertiary
consumer in part (c)(i).
• Not all candidates’ work was legible and followed a logical order. This would have assisted in the accurate marking
of the script. Where additional pages were used, they should have been clearly and accurately labelled with the
question number that was being answered.
Cambridge Assessment International Education
The Triangle Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8EA, United Kingdom
t: +44 1223 553554
e: info@cambridgeinternational.org www.cambridgeinternational.org
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Example Candidate Responses

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June 2019 Question Paper 12

How to use this booklet

Example Candidate Response – Question 1, high Examiner comments

1 The candidate crosses out their

This section explains how the candidate could

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Print Script Page 3 of 22

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner Comments

1 The candidate crosses out their

2 Two correct responses here

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner Comments

3 Here, the candidate clearly

Total mark awarded =

How the candidate could have improved their answer

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner Comments

1 It is good practice to show your

2 The candidate has read the bar

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner Comments

4 Three marks are available

Total mark awarded =

How the candidate could have improved their answer

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner Comments

1 1 This response is outside the

2 This response does not

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner Comments

4 This response does not explain

Total mark awarded =

How the candidate could have improved their answer

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner Comments

1 The candidate correctly

2 Here, the candidate correctly

3 Two causes of overuse of

Example Candidate Response – high, continued Examiner Comments

4 Two strategies are successfully

Total mark awarded =

How the candidate could have improved their answer

Example Candidate Response – middle Examiner Comments

1 A concise response correctly

2 Here, the candidate identifies

Example Candidate Response – middle, continued Examiner Comments

4 The candidate needs to provide

Total mark awarded =

How the candidate could have improved their answer

Example Candidate Response – low Examiner Comments

1 This response, despite its

2 The candidate incorrectly

3 The candidate does not identify

Example Candidate Response – low, continued Examiner Comments

4 The response successfully

Total mark awarded =

How the candidate could have improved their answer

Common mistakes candidates made in this question

Print Script Page 7 of 22

Example Candidate Response – high Examiner Comments

1 This response mentions that

2 The candidate refers to lack