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Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Direct Quoting

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altarmaria15
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28 views

Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Direct Quoting

Uploaded by

altarmaria15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summarizing, Paraphrasing

and
Direct Quoting
Learning Objectives
This presentation is designed to be used over a number of lessons. It will focus on
the skills required so that students can achieve the following:

1 2 3
Determine the
differences of
Apply the Summarize
Summarizing, different and
Paraphrasing and techniques in paraphrase
Direct Quoting summarizing various texts.
Summarizing
Is how we take larger selections of text and reduce them to
their bare essentials: the gist, key ideas, the main points that
are worth noting and remembering.

“General idea in brief form” – Webster


Basic Rules in Summarizing
Erase things that don’t matter. Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to understanding .

Erase things that repeat. Delete redundant material.

Trade, general terms for Substitute superordinate terms for lists.


specific names

Use your own words to write Write the summary using your own words but make sure
the summary. to retain the main points.
Example 1: Taken from the excerpt Understanding Calories
For Example:
A calorie, also known as kilocalorie, is a unit of energy. This
unit represents the energy required to heat a kilogram of water
on degree Celsius. While people generally link the term calorie
with food, it is a unit of measurement that can be applied to any
substance possessing energy. For instance, there are 8200
calories in a liter ( about one quart) of gasoline.

Source: Cruz, Rosalina, Laurel, Ma. Milagros, and Lucero, Adelaida. English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Reader Learner’s Material. Quezon City. Department of Education.2016
Main Idea

Supporting Supporting Supporting


Details Details Details
Calorie is a unit
of energy

1 liter of gasoline
Represents the A unit of
is composed of
energy required measurement
8200 calories
For Example: Sentence Summary

A calorie is a unit of energy that represents the energy


required to heat a kilogram of water on degree Celsius. This is
also a unit of measurement where 1 liter of gasoline is composed
of 8200 calories.
Paraphrasing
Is restating text giving the meaning in another form.
Steps to Paraphrase
1. Repeatedly read the passage to be paraphrased until you have completely
understood what it says.
2. Do not look at the passage while you are writing your paraphrase.
3. After writing, read the original passage once again to check if you were able
to accurately capture its meaning. By doing this, you will avoid misquoting your
source.
4.Check whether your paraphrase has errors in grammar or mechanics.
5.Always cite your source.
Example 1: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can consume 75
pounds of food a day.
Paraphrase :A Giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves
For Example:
and hay everyday.

Example 2: A group of US researchers has carried out trials on a new


vaccine.

Paraphrase :
A team of American scientists has conducted tests on a new
vaccine.
Remember:
✓A paraphrase must also be attributed
to the original source.
✓A paraphrase includes both the main
idea and minor details from the text.
✓If rewording is too similar to the
original, it is plagiarism.
Direct Quoting
It is usually a short part of the text
For Example:
Standler (2012) states that plagiarism can be “the
quotation of a sentence or two, without quotation
marks and without a citation ( e.g., footnote) to
the true author” (p.5)
Guidelines in Direct Quoting
Reminder: Direct quotations should not be used to replace paraphrasing or summarizing.

Record the details of the


original source (author’s
Use Format your
name/s, date of
quotation quotation
Copy publication, title,
marks to properly. If
exactly the publisher, place of
your direct
part of the show the publishing, URL [if on-line]
quotation is
text that beginning and page number/s).
at least 40
and ending indicating the page
you want words, it
of the number/s is necessary in
to use. should be
citing sources in quoting.
quote. indented.
For Example:
Guidelines in Direct Quoting
Reminder: Direct quotations should not be used to replace paraphrasing or summarizing.

Record the details of the


original source (author’s However,
Use Format your
name/s, date of when your
quotation quotation
Copy publication, title, direct
marks to properly. If
exactly the publisher, place of
your direct quotation is
part of the show the publishing, URL [if on-line] below 40
quotation is
text that beginning and page number/s).
at least 40 words, it
and ending indicating the page should be
you want words, it
of the number/s is necessary in presented as
to use. should be
citing sources in quoting. part of the
quote. indented.
text.
For Example:
Reporting Verbs
Discipline Reporting Verbs from left to right , most common to least common

Biology Describe Find Report Show Suggest Observe

Marketing Suggest Argue Find Demonstrate Propose Show

Linguistics Suggest Argue Show Explain Find Point out

Sociology Argue Suggest Describe Note Analyze Discuss

Philosophy Say Suggest Argue Claim Point out Hold Think

Overall Suggest Argue Find Show Describe Propose Report


Let’s Compare!
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting

▪ Does not match the source ▪ Matches the source word


▪ Does not match the source word for word for word
word for word ▪ Involves putting the main ▪ Is usually a short part of
▪ Involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, the text
idea(s) into your own words, but including only the main ▪ Cited part appears
but including only the main point(s) between quotation marks
point(s) ▪ Changes the words or ▪ Must be attributed to the
▪ Presents a broad overview, phrasing of a passage, but original source
so is usually much shorter retains and fully
than the original text communicates the original
▪ Must be attributed to the meaning
original source ▪ Must be attributed to the
original source
When to Use?
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting
❑ Quote a text that conveys
powerful message or will show
❑ Paraphrase a short text less impact if it is paraphrased
❑ Summarize a text that has with one or two sentences or summarized (e.g.,
long sections (e.g., a page or a paragraph with a Constitution, government
or chapter of a book or the maximum of five sentences. documents, philosophies,
book itself; a paragraph of ❑ Paraphrase when you want monographs, or other scholarly
an essay or the essay to: materials).
itself). a. Avoid or minimize direct ❑ Quote directly when you want
❑ Summarize when you want quotations; or to:
to avoid or minimize direct b. Rewrite the author’s words a. Begin your discussion with the
quotation; use the main by not changing the author’s stand; or
idea of the text and write it message or use your own b. Highlight the author’s expertise
in your own words. words to state the author’s in your claim, argument, or
ideas. discussion.
Activity

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