A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL

WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES 1)

AR-RAZAQ GENERAL AND TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES,

DAWARKIN DAKATA INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT KANO STATE,

BY

CHIBUZOR OBINERO SOLOMON

ENG/19/MEC/00286

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

AUGUST, 2024

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ABSTRACT

The industrial training report summarizes the knowledge I gained during my three months of

training in the field of mechanical engineering at Dawarkin Dakata Industrial Layout, Kano State.

I received training in a wide range of tasks, including how to operate lathes, drilling and grinding

equipment along with some welding work.

The report begins by outlining the objectives and organizational framework of SIWES,

highlighting the roles in enhancing students understanding of industry operations and professional

ethics. It discusses collaboration between academic institutions, industries and regulatory bodies

to facilitate the implementation of SIWES across various sectors, including engineering,

technology, science and management.

Result from SIWES are analyzed, showcasing achievement in terms of skill development, practical

knowledge acquisition, and personal growth among participating students. Case studies and

testimonials illustrate the impact of SIWES on student career readiness and employability in the

competitive job markets.

I gained practical experience during this time period; learning how to diagnose problem and

perform variety of operation on various machines, gained experience on how to repair worn out

part of machine, sharpening of different kinds of machine tools, tapping and polishing of work

materials and workshop equipment, measuring and inspection of work materials of different

dimension and qualities, threading of different sizes of bolts, nutcracker and other tools. I also

gained experience on how tapping, turning, drilling and boring of work piece into different shape

and size are been carried out on machine.

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This report discuss the technical skills acquired during the training period and provides evidence

for the program’s relevance in preparing students with the necessary technical skills to succeed in

the real world.

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CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that I CHIBUZOR OBINERO SOLOMON with the registration number

ENG/19/MEC/00286 compiled this report based on my student industrial work experience

scheme carried out AR RAZAQ GENERAL AND TECHNICAL ENTERPRISE from 8th April

2024 to 8th July 2024

------------------------- -------------------------

Chibuzor Obinero Solomon Date

------------------------------ --------------------------

SIWES Based Supervisor Date

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DEDICATION

I dedicate this report to my parents, who have made it possible in the way they can to see me

through to the current level of my life. I say a Big Thank You for their maximum and never-ending

Love and Support, may Almighty God grant them their heart desire. Amen

My dedication will not be complete without me expressing my sincere appreciation to everyone

who has in some way contributed to my successful completion of the training program.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I want use this medium to express my gratitude to Almighty God for His

Unfailing Love and Guidance and giving me the privilege to partake in Divine Health and Life

necessary to complete this training program. I also want to express my gratitude for the advice and

support I received from my Industrial-based SIWES supervisor, Chief Technologist Mr Emmanuel

and Assistance Technologist Mr Farouq without whom the SIWES goal could not have been

accomplished. I am appreciative of their ongoing advice, corrections and suggestion. I also want

to express my gratitude to my Supervisor, Engr. Dr. Y. Tijjani, who despite having a busy schedule,

create out time to check in on me at the training facility throughout the course of the training to

make sure I was acting appropriately and to offer any necessary advise. Sir, I sincerely appreciate

your kindness, concern, and willingness to share your knowledge without bias.

The Mechanical Engineering Department of AR-RAZAQ GENERAL AND TECHNICAL

ENTERPRISES, KANO STATE, deserves special recognition. For giving me a SIWES position

in their division.

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 Table of Contents

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................. ii

CERTIFICATION ....................................................................................................................................... iv

DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................................. v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................................... 2

GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................... 2

2.0.1 THE COMPANY DATA ..................................................................................................................... 2

2.0.2 ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE COMPANY ......................................................................... 2

2.0.3 MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT WORKSHOP ....................................................................... 4

2.0.4 CODE OF CONDUCT/ETHICS OF THE COMPANY ................................................................. 4

CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................................... 6

ANALYSIS PRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 6

3.0.1 HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY ........... 6

LAYOUT PLANS THE COMPANY USE TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS .......................................... 6

3.1 PRODUCTS........................................................................................................................................ 7

3.1.1 TYPES OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT USED IN THE COMPANY ................................. 7

PART LIST FOR PRODUCTION SERVICES...................................................................................... 16

3.2.1 Material Handling Equipment ........................................................................................................ 16

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 Maintenance Engineering: ...................................................................................................................... 17

Maintenance Procurement: ..................................................................................................................... 18

CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................................... 20

REPORT ON ACTUAL WORK CARRIED OUT WITH CLEAR STATEMENT ACQUIRED: ........ 20

CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................................... 29

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................... 29

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

To meet the human requirement for Nigeria’s industrialization and sustainable economic

development, SIWES was founded to set and control standards of excellence and effectiveness

and provide direct training for professionals, technicians, technologists and entrepreneurs. This

was done by relying on a corps of highly qualified, professional staff who use the best training

methods. The Industrial Attachment is also a requirement for degree programs under the provisions

of Degree 47 of the 8th of October 1973 by Industrial Training Fund (ITF), initially SIWES was

strictly for Engineering and Technology student not until the year 1975, where the program

expanded to include student from other discipline such as; Business, Agriculture and

Environmental Science.

By 1980 SIWES became a mandatory requirement for all Nigerian University Student, ITF later

on reviewed and updated the SIWES program to better align with Industrial needs in the year 1990.

In 2004, the program underwent another review, focusing on quality assurance and

standardization. Today SIWES is a critical component of the Nigeria university Education

providing student with hands on experience and skills to enhance their employability.

SIWES has played a significant role in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and

practical experience preparing Nigerian student for workforce and contributing to the country’s

economic development.

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CHAPTER TWO

GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT

2.0.1 THE COMPANY DATA

• NAME OF COMPANY/INSTITUTION: AR-RAZAQ TECHNICAL AND GENERAL

ENTERPRISE

• FOUNDER/OWNER: it is owned and managed by Engr. Abdulrazaq Jimoh

• ADDRESS OF THE COMPANY: it is located at Dawakin Dakata Industrial Layout

Kano.

• COMMENCEMENT DATE: it has been in existence since 5th January 1999.

• ACTIVITIES OF THE COMPANY/INSTITUTION: Activities carried out in the

company include

➢ Repairs of worn-out part of Machine Elements.

➢ Sharpening of Different kind of Machine Tools.

➢ Threading of Different kind & sizes of bolts, nutcracker and other tools.

➢ Construction and Maintenance of Different Kinds of Machinery.

➢ Tapping and polishing of work materials and workshop equipment.

➢ Turning, Drilling, facing of different work piece.

2.0.2 ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE COMPANY

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

The head of Department is the top Director of the Department who is entrusted with the substantial

powers to manage the department and also direct the activities of others.

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Below is the Organizational chart of the institution:

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2.0.3 MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT WORKSHOP

➢ To provide student with broad skill, practical knowledge and mental reasoning they need

to pursue their goal.

➢ To offer a broad-based degree with a sound grounding in engineering science focusing on

qualitative, problem solving, mechanical design and opportunity to develop

communication skills.

➢ To address the most pressing needs of human society with a particular emphasis on the

field of energy, transportation and health.

2.0.4 CODE OF CONDUCT/ETHICS OF THE COMPANY

The code of conduct of the company is to educate students through teaching, research and

community service and this is should be the basis of all decision, practices and interactions.

Safety are meant to be consider before undergoing any kind of training such as the use of safety

glasses, dust mask and earplugs. The code of conduct establishes rules and regulations in carrying

out teaching and learning are roles responsibilities of lectures, students and that of other support

staff. Maximum attention and alertness is needed when operating various machines used, so as to

enhance precision and quality of work being done. Student misconduct refers to a breach of the

standard of conduct expected of students studying at the University. Here are the various code of

conduct of the company.

• Safety First: Wear protective gears, including safety glasses and dust mask.

• Obedience to rules and regulations: Always adhere to workshop rules, guidelines, and

constructor direction

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• Handling of machines and tools with care, and report any Damage or serious issues

• Cleanliness: maintain a tidy workspace, clean machine after use and deposit of waste

properly

• Know the location of first aid box, fire extinguishers and emergency exits

• Follow paper shut down procedures to turn off machines after use or when the light is being

tripped off

• Maximum attention and alertness is needed when operating various machines used so as to

enhance precision and quality of work being done

• Take ownership of your actions, project or safety.

• Handle materials carefully to minimize wastes.

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CHAPTER THREE

ANALYSIS PRODUCTION

3.0.1 HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE

COMPANY

Stumbles, poor waste management and inadequate ventilation as well as improper manual handling

are the most common causes of accidents in service and mechanical repair. Working beneath

poorly supported cars, bridging with workshop equipment and certain occurrences involving

running machines are additional causes of accidents that may sometime end in severe injury or

death. Installation of fire extinguisher, first aid kits and ensure electrical safety helps reduce the

any form of hazardous outbreak that may occur as a result of carelessness in the company.

To protect themselves from wounds caused by glass, sheet metals or other sharp materials, all

workshop technicians should wear proper overall, safety footwear, eyeglasses and protective

gloves.

LAYOUT PLANS THE COMPANY USE TO ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS

AR-RAZAQ GENERAL AND TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES have its objectives to improve

resource allocation, manage risk and encourages sustainable development. In other to ensure

success and continual progress, the strategy also promotes communication with stakeholders and

assesses performance.

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3.1 PRODUCTS

3.1.1 TYPES OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT USED IN THE COMPANY

AR-RAZAQ GENERAL AND TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES, DAWARKIN DAKATA

INDUSTRIAL LAYOUT KANO STATE, have varieties of Machines. Some of the Machines are:

1. The Lathe Machine

2. Welding Machine

3. Angle Grinder

4. Drilling Machine

1. The Lathe Machine

The Lathe Machine is one of the oldest of all lathe which is also known as the “Engine Lathe”

because the first type of the lathe was driven by steam engine. It is a versatile machine tool which

are commonly found in workshop, Industries and production companies.

The Lathe Machine is used for different operations like; Facing, Grooving, Turning, Contour,

Chamfering, Threading, and boring etc.

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Picture of the Lathe Machine

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE LATHE MACHINE

The lathe Machine is basically used for holding work piece between two rigid and strong supports

called centers or in a chuck or faceplate which revolves.

The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right

angle to the axis of the work piece. The cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post

which is fed against the revolving work.

The Lathe Machine operations require skill and attention to produce precise and accurate results.

There are four main component of the Engine Lathe Machine which are;

• Head Stock

• Tailstock

• Carriage

• Bed

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Diagram of The Lathe Machine being operated by skillful operator.

TYPES OF LATHE MACHINES:

• Wood lathe

• CNC lathe (computerized Numerical controlled)

• Engine lathe

• Speed lathe

• Tool room lathe

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 • Bench lathe

USES OF LATHE MACHINE

• Turning: cutting and shaping wood or plastics into cylindrical shape.

• Facing: used in flattening the end of the work piece

• Drilling: creating holes in a work piece.

• Boring: enlarging existing holes.

• Grooving: creating grooves and recesses

• Tapping: creating thread in a hole

• Knurling: creating textured surfaces.

2. WELDING MACHINE

A welding machine also known as welding generator or welding power source, is a manufacturing

technique that combines materials often metals or thermoplastic, by melting the components at

high temperatures, allowing them to cool and then fusing them together. This kind of welding can

be done using the following processes such as;

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 Diagram of Arc Welding Machine

➢ Shielded metal arc welding

➢ Gas tungsten arc welding

➢ Gas metal arc welding

➢ Flux cored arc welding

Types of Welding Machines

1. Ac Machines (Alternating Current)

2. Dc Machines (Direct Current)

3. Inverter-Based Machine

4. Transformer Based Machines

Parts That Make Up the Welding Machines

➢ Power Source: The power is in charge of producing and controlling the electrical current

required for welding. Depending on the kind of welding procedure, it may be fueled by

electricity or gas.

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➢ Ground Clamp: By attaching to the work piece, the ground clamp completes the electrical

circuit. It gives the welding current a channel and lessens the risk of electrical shock.

➢ The welding electrode (or filler material): This is connected to the machines output

terminal via the electrode holder or clamp. It guarantees a safe electrical connection and

enables simple electrode replacement.

➢ Cooling System: To disperse surplus heat and avoid overheating, certain welding

equipment, particularly those used for high-amperage welding, are fitted with cooling

systems.

The welding machine operate by forming an electrical circuit involving the work piece and the

welding electrode. The electrode and the work piece edges melt when an electrical current

passes through the circuit because of the tremendous heat that is produced at the point of

contact. The molten components cool and solidify to create a solid, fused junction.

Welding involves the following processes:

➢ Electrode selection: This refers to selecting the right electrode size and material for the

welding operation.

➢ Welding the joint together

➢ Preparation: The work pieces are prepared by being cleared, beveled and clamped in

the required location.

➢ Setting parameters: Depending on the substance being welded and the thickness of the

weld, the welding machines parameter such as current, voltage and welding speed are

adjusted.

➢ Allowing the welded junction to naturally cool or employing a cooling device for

cooling afterward, check the weld for flaws and its overall quality.

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3. ANGLE GRINDER

An angle grinder, often referred to as a disc grinder or side grinder, is a multi-purpose and powerful

portable power tool used in the metalworking, building, woodworking and other sectors for a

variety of cutting grinding and polishing activities. Although there are some variants with

pneumatic (air-driven) motors, angle grinder are normally powered by electric motors. The tools

total performance is determined by the motors powered by electric motors. The tool’s total

performance is determined by the motors power rating, with high-wattage motors being able to

handle more demanding jobs.

To enable users to customize the speed of the discs rotation for various activities, certain angle

grinders offer variable speed settings.

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5. DRILLING MACHINE

Diagram of a Drilling Machine

A Drilling Machine is also known as a drill press, is a machine tool used for drilling precise holes

in various material such as; metals, wood, plastics and composite etc.

The drilling machine essentially consists of:

❖ A work table that holds work piece rigidly in position

❖ A spindle which turns the tool called “drill”

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Working Principle:

The rotating edge of the drill exert a large force on the work piece and the hole is generated. The

removal of metal in a drilling operation is by shearing and extrusion.

There are various types of drilling machine which include:

➢ Bench drill

➢ Radial drill

➢ Floor standing drill

➢ Gang drill magnetic drill

➢ Hand held drill. Etc.

TOOLS USED FOR OPERATIONS

➢ Anvil

➢ Try Square

➢ Bench Vice

➢ Scriber

➢ Punches

➢ Hack Saw

➢ Chisels

➢ Spanners

DRILLING MACHINES SAFETY MEASURES

➢ Safety switches: prevents accidental startups

➢ Emergency stops: Quickly stops the machine in cases of emergency

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PART LIST FOR PRODUCTION SERVICES

➢ Cutting stone

➢ Angle iron

➢ Electrode

➢ Plate of metal

➢ Sheet of mild steel

➢ Filling stone

3.2.1 Material Handling Equipment

Some of the equipment used in handling materials in the workshop include:

❖ Trolleys: used for carrying loads that is been worked on, like motor for leather machine

❖ Wheel Barrows: used for carrying portable DC welding machine for small works

❖ Spanners: used for tightening bolts and nuts to hold parts firmly. It ranges from different size

and shapes e.g. ring spanner

❖ Bolts and Nuts: it is fastened into a material temporary to hold it in a tight position to avoid

loose connection

❖ Hack saw: it is a manual device that is primarily used to cut long piece material of different

quality into a desire dimension and shape. It is composed lock screw, frame and blade.

Hacksaw is produced of various size depending on the nature of the work.

❖ Welding shield: is a type of framework worn by welder to prevent light emitting rays from

entering the eye. It is a dark, opaque, non-transparent materials.

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3.0 QUALITY ENGINEERING

3.3.1 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE DEPARTMENT

In the Department workshop, the Quality control activities involves designing and fabricating of

different projects in the right way and also a way to maintain the usage of materials. It also involves

inspecting and testing of Different products using the Dynamic mechanical thermal Analysis

(DMTA) for testing Thermal analysis of polymer composite, using lathe machine for testing break

system, using universal Testing machine for Testing Brinell Hardness.

3.0.2 TOOLS/EQUIPMENT USED FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE

➢ Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA): used for testing Thermal

Analysis of different method.

➢ Universal Testing Machine: used for testing Brinell hardness on a materials.

➢ Dial Gauge: Used for checking flatness of surface and also detecting small

differences in linear objects of identical objects.

➢ Thermocouple Thermometer: used for measuring temperatures.

Maintenance Engineering:

Maintenance of the workshop involves constant servicing of the machine, Regular and routine

actions taken on equipment in order to prevent it breakdown, this include test, measurement,

adjustment, part replacement, and cleaning. It is performed specifically to prevent fault from

occurring. When using the lathe machine, cutting fluid was used throughout the operations.

3.4.1 MAINTENANCE POLICY OF THE COMPANY

The maintenance policy of the company include the following:

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 • Regular Cleaning: Daily cleaning of Machine and work area to prevent Dirts and chop

build-up

• Lubrication: Regular lubrication of the moving parts to reduce tear and wears.

• Tool maintenance: Regular inspection and maintenance of cutting tool to ensure

optimal performance.

• Machine inspection: Regular inspection of machine to identify potential issues before

they become major problem

• Preventive maintenance: schedule Regular maintenance such as replacing worn parts

or performed adjustments.

• Record keeping: Maintain accurate record of maintenance activities repairs

• Safety protocols: ensure safety protocols are in place such as proper guiding and

personal protective equipment.

Maintenance Procurement:

Here are the comprehensive checklist for the maintenance procurement of a lathe machine

workshop:

• Predictive Maintenance:

➢ Vibrational analysis of machines

➢ Thermal imaging of heat-related issues

➢ Ultrasonic Testing for internal component condition

• Corrective Maintenance:

➢ Repairs of replacement of damage parts.

➢ Troubleshooting and fixing electrical issues

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 ➢ Rebuilding or replacing worn-out components.

• Procurement List:

➢ Replacement parts (e.g. bearings, belts and gears)

➢ Lubricants and cleaning supplies.

➢ Tools and equipment for maintenance (wrenches, gauges)

➢ Electrical components (e.g. wiring, motors)

➢ Safety equipment (e.g. gloves, goggles)

➢ Consumables (e.g. cutting tools abrasives)

• Workshop Maintenance Schedule:

➢ Daily: cleaning, lubrication and inspection.

➢ Weekly: Tool bit replacement, belt tension check

➢ Monthly: Electrical system checks, vibrational analysis

➢ Annually: major repairs, rebuilding, or replacement of components

Note: remember to adjust this checklist according to the specific workshop needs and machine

usage. Regular maintenance ensures optimal performance, reduces Downtime, and prolongs the

lifespan of the machines.

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CHAPTER 4

REPORT ON ACTUAL WORK CARRIED OUT WITH CLEAR STATEMENT

ACQUIRED:

Here are the various perspective weekly activities carried out in AR- RAZAQ GENERAL AND

TECHNICAL ENTERPRISE:

WEEK 1:

During the First week of my SIWES program, I was introduced to the various parts of a lathe

machine, the various lathe machine operations, the different kinds of works that can be performed

using a lathe machine. Also was introduced to the principle of operation of a drilling machine,

different sizes of Drill bits available, and also introduced to vernier caliper

WEEK 2:

Boring of sprocket which was done mainly to increase the internal diameter of it center hole while

using the venire caliper to check for accurate results. Used sharpening machines to sharpen lathe

tools like carbon tools, white tools and drilled bits which are used to drilled holes and remove

chips. Drilling with the used of lathe machines was done to brass flange at a specified diameter of

25mm.

WEEK 3:

I was engaged in repairing of tooth of curve gears cutting machine, by welding the worn out parts

to the level at which it aligns with the ones that are not worn out, after which the angle grinder is

being used with the smoothening disc to file and polish the welded parts to give it a clean surface.

Making of mild steel was done the next day, by cutting an unused shafts to an appropriate length

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then drill through to a specified diameter, then step both sides of the shafts, then use the white

tools to make a threading on both sides, the depth of thread cut used was 2.5 mm. Removing of

nut with a broken cap from a Die-head, by constructing two metal iron to be in a cross form, then

weld one end of the metal iron to the cap less nut. Grooving and grinding of 85mm corrode shaft

rod, by placing our tool perpendicular to the work piece on lathe machine, to groove to a specified

depths after which the Angle grinder is used to polish the surface.

WEEK 4:

Threading of 3mm of a M16 bolts which was done using the lathe machine, drilling two holes in

a sprocket of equal diameter each of 7.0mm and sharpening of the drill bit when blunts. Boring of

a cast pulley was also done to a internal diameter of 35mm while drilling a hole through with a

drill bits of 8.5mm into the cast pulley. Using welding electrode to fill the edges of a roller used in

a leather machine to perform turning to allow the passage of bearings. Using 10mm tap to perform

internal threading of 8.5 drilled sprocket while using the tap holders

WEEK 5:

Turning of a rubber roller into a diameter of 35mm after filling it with welding electrodes to allow

the passage of bearings. Boring of sprocket to a diameter of 30mm which is done with the use of

22mm drilling bit. Drilling an iron rod using 7mm drilling bit and grooving to a diameter of 20mm.

welding a cast pulley and removing chips by smoothening disc. Boring of bicycle gears to a

diameter of 34mm and welding it broken teeth surface and using grinder with cutting disc to reform

the broken teeth surface. Chamfering the edge of an iron rod work piece with the use of grinder

smoothening discs. Using welding electrode to tack a cast pulley.

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WEEK 6:

Facing an iron rod with a circular edge with the use of white tools in a lathe machine. Turning the

edge of a washer and boring the circular surface after drilling to a diameter of 32mm. removing

the toothed surface of a sprocket with a cutting disc and attached the square shaped surface by

welding and drilling with a drilling bit of 10.5mm. Polishing the surface of a pulley with an angle

grinder after welding with a welding electrode. Filling with the use of welding electrode with the

edge of a rubber coated roller and removing the chips with a chipping hammer before turning it to

external diameter of 35mm to allow the passage of bearings.

WEEK 7:

Tapering the face of an Aluminum rod, by setting the Aluminum rod to a right position on the

chuck of the lathe machine and also position the white tool on the tool post to an angle at which it

is to taper. Melting a broken while joining the piece together using our welding machine, by

placing the broken pieces of the work together horizontally perfectly while striking the electrode

at the position at which the rod is broken. Making of an internal keyway on gear of 30mm in

diameter by placing it perfectly in our vice, then insert our hacksaw in between our gears, by

cutting it vertically to a suitable depth and then cut diagonally in order to remove the chips.

WEEK 8:

Making a key for gears of 30mm in diameter using cutting disc of an Angle grinder to cut through

rectangular metal of the same length, depths, and width of that of the keyway to suit the key in it.

Taping an already worn thread of a knife for a leather cutting machine by using our tap and tap

holder and inserting it to a right position to the already threaded spot, then move the tap holder

clockwise for effective threading. Increasing the thread length of a nut for jack by welding the nut

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and the iron of the same diameter together, then turn the materials to a fitted side using our lathe.

After then set the lathe machine to thread, then thread the welded materials.

WEEK 9

Boring hole on a drilled gear in order for bearing of 30mm diameter to fit in by setting the gear of

the chuck to a right position, then place the white tools on the same direction of the gears then

bore. Filling the both ends of a roller for a extruder machine using a welding electrode by striking

the electrode in the position you want to fill, then use the flash bar to strike on the filled spot to

remove carbon from it. Chamfering the internally stepped parts of the gear housing by placing the

gear housing properly on our lathe to a position that is parallel to our white tools. Then move the

longitudinal hand wheel to cross fed the hand wheel clockwise or counterclockwise.

WEEK 10:

Turning the teeth of gear into a circular toothless gear by placing the gear properly on the lathe at

an angle perpendicularly to our carbon tools. Then turn at a convenience speed until the teeth of

the gear becomes toothless. Threading the end of a Centre iron for an extruder machine, setting

the lathe machine to an automatic threading of 2.5mm cut, thereby placing our work piece which

is our center iron properly in the lathe in such a way that our tools can easily cut through. Welding

the broken piece of an industrial blower using our ever star electrode by tacking the four ends of

our broken blower appropriately thereby using 22mm in diameters wire placing it in the position

where the welding electrode is being strike. Using of 8mm drill bits to drill the ends of the cone of

a leather machine that is placed on both ends of a roller in a extruder machine and then thread

internally using a 10mm tap.

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WEEK 11:

Chamfering the edges of sprocket by using an angle grinder, removing the tooth of a sprocket by

using a lathe machine and turning to a diameter of 15mm, using 12mm tap to make internal

threading of drilled holes in a leather cutting machine. Turning a rubber coated roller to a diameter

of 30mm. using sharpening to sharpen blunts carbon tools, drilling of brass square flange with

drilling bits of 8.5mm and boring completely to an internal diameter of 15mm. grooving an iron

shaft to a diameter of 35mm, sharpening a knife used in leather machine with the use of an angle

grinder.

WEEK 12:

Polishing the welded surface of a cast pulley, complete drilling with the use of 10.5 mm drilling

bits on a heater holder which is done with a drilling machine. Reaming of a material by enlarging

the existing holes to a dimension of 35mm. countersinking after drilling by using a much larger

drill bits more than the ones previously used in order to create a conical hole for screw heads.

Tapping to create the internal thread in a material to allow the passage of threaded bolts. Counter

boring a material by enlarging to a specified depth

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE SIWES PROGRAM IN COMPANY

While performing SIWES program there always challenges normally faced which tends to hinder

effective productivity and cause severe or minor setbacks in achieving accurate results. Some of

the challenges may arise from the machines used and sometimes the operator carrying the

operations. Here are the various challenges faced during the SIWES program at AR-RAZAQ

GENERAL AND TECHNICAL ENTERPRISE:

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 • Unsteady Electricity: Electricity has been a major setback in the course of carrying

out the SIWES program because power supply from distribution companies is what are

being used which are not provided sufficiently leaving no alternative due to fact that

high price charges are incurred if fuel and diesel are being used.

• Tool Breakage: cutting tool breakage, or wearing out prematurely causing downtime

and increasing. Cost.

• Equipment Obsolescence: outdated machine or technology reducing productivity

thereby causing setbacks when carrying the SIWES program.

• Production bottlenecks: inefficient workflow and inadequate or poor scheduling

causing delays.

• Material defects: Defect in material used in production of tools causing machine

difficulties and scrap.

• Safety incident: Accident or near misses are likely to occur due to inadequate training

or safety protocols.

• Coolant and lubrication issues: inadequate or contaminated coolants causing tool

wear, corrosion or machine damage.

Note: By anticipating and addressing these issues, you can minimize the downtime, reduce costs,

and improve overall efficiency in the company

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SOLUTI ONS TO THE PROBLEMS ECOUNTERED DURING THE SIWES PROGRAM

To all problems encountered, there are always solutions to solve or avert specific problems:

Here are the solution to the common problem encounter in the company:

• To Prevent Tool Breakage:

➢ There should be proper selection of tool and applications by knowing which type of

tools is needed for various work needed to be perform depending on the nature of the

work.

➢ Regular inspection of tools and maintenance which is very important while carrying

work to know which tool is capable of performing specific kind of work.

➢ Operator training on tool handling and usage to avoid breaking of tools by operators.

• To Prevent Coolant and Lubrication issues:

➢ Regular coolants and Lubricants check and maintenance.

➢ Proper Coolants and Lubrication Selection and application.

➢ Operators Training on coolants and lubricants usage and maintenance.

• To Prevent Materials Defects:

➢ Raw materials inspection and Testing

➢ Material Traceability and Certification is needed to avoid bad materials.

➢ Implementation of material control procedures.

➢ Suppliers Evaluation and Selection is needed before distributions to companies to avoid

materials defects.

• To Prevent Equipment Obsolescence:

➢ Regular equipment evaluation and assessment.

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 ➢ Implementation of equipment replacement and upgrade plans.

➢ Operators training on new equipment and technologies.

➢ Use of technology road maps and innovations tracking.

• To Prevent Production Bottlenecks:

➢ Workflow analysis and optimizations

➢ Implementation of lean manufacturing techniques

➢ Operators training on efficiency improvement techniques to avoid production

hindrances.

• To Prevent Safety incidents:

➢ Regular safety training and awareness in order to prevent safety hazards.

➢ Implementation of safety protocols and procedures.

➢ Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid severe safety incident or near

misses.

ANALYSIS OF RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Here is the analysis of the various work done in the company.

Problem Identified:

The problem encountered during the SIWES program was clearly identified in order to improve

work efficiency.

Data and Information was Collected:

Detailed information concerning Machine operations, operating conditions.

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Root cause Analysis:

The underlying cause of the problem encountered was determined and the problem was prioritized

by assessing the impact on production, safety and quality was prioritized accordingly.

Developing solution to problem:

The solutions to the problems were developed by Brainstorming potential solution, evaluating

solutions, select the best solution and develop an action plan

In general, the SIWES program was aimed at meeting students need for technical skills to enhance

their working experience. The listed solutions to the problem encountered is what the company

needs for a perfect effective solution.

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSIONS:

During the SIWES (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme) at AR-RAZAQ GENERAL

AND TECHNICAL ENTERPRISE, I gained Valuable practical knowledge and skills. The

experience provided a comprehensive Understanding of the operations and activities within the

company. It offers an opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge in a real-world setting, enhancing

my overall learning and developments. By providing practical training opportunities, mentorships,

orientations, and regular feedbacks. Also enhanced my development skills as I noticed that while

operating a lathe machine, it requires precision, attention to details, and manual dexterity.

I also gained insight in the workings of a lathe machine. Including the components, function and

safety features. I gained familiarity with the company safety protocols and best practices in a

company setting to enhance my safety while carrying different operations. Furthermore,

completing my SIWES in the company, can make you more attractive candidate to potential

employers as you will gain relevant work experience and skills. My spatial reasoning and

Visualization skills was highly developed.

Lastly, I figured out that SIWES programs is very essential to engineering students as it helps in

understanding of materials properties, Tolerance and precision, Machine maintenance and

troubleshooting, teamwork and communication, safety culture and awareness, continuous learning

and improvements, hands-on experience with measuring instruments and also professionalism and

ethics, all these are the knowledge SIWES provides to engineers.

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RECOMMENDATIONS:

I use this means to make the following recommendations concerning the training of students in

industrial attachments

• Technicians should be trained regularly.

• I would like to recommend that the Engineering curriculum should be adjusted such as to

provide going on industrial attachment for a longer period of time as opposed to 3 months

or making the program occur frequently throughout an engineering degree program.

• Allowances should be paid to students during their programme just like NYSC, this would

help them a great deal to handle some financial problem during their training course.

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REFERENCES:

• https://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/Drilling

• htttps://learnmech.com/introduction-lathe machines types of

• https://www.tsinfa.com/universal-milling-machine

• MEC 3205 Lecture note, department of Mechanical Engineering Bayero University Kano.

• SIWES (2008). Retrive January 2015, from ITF https://odich.com/ifnig/siwes.php

• www.google.com

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